Name: Date:Number:

Science Study Guide: Sun-Moon-Earth Part IUSE YOUR NOTES AND YOUR QUIZZES TO COMPLETE

THIS!!!

Lesson 1: I can analyze the effect of the solar eclipse on temperature.(1) What does eclipse mean?To cover up

(2) What is the difference between a solar eclipse and a lunar eclipse? Explain in words and drawings!Solar eclipse – when the moon covers up the sun, leaving a shadow on the earth

SUN – MOON – EARTHLunar eclipse – when the Earth blocks the sunlight from hitting the moon; sometimes the red rays of the sun can bend around Earth and reflect off the moon and cause the “blood moon”

SUN – EARTH – MOON

(3) How does the sun move in space?Spins/rotates in place

(4) How does the earth move in space? How long does it take?Spins/rotates on an axis – 24 hoursOrbits/revolves around the sun – 1 year

(5) How does the moon move in space? How long does it take?Spins/rotates on an axis – 1 monthOrbits/revolve around the earth – 1 month

(6) What is the penumbra? What is the umbra? What do you see if you are in each?Penumbra – lighter part of the moon’s shadow; partial solar eclipseUmbra – darker part of the moon’s shadow; total solar eclipse

(7) Why is there not a solar eclipse every month?**The orbit of the moon is on an angle so it doesn’t line up between the sun and earth perfectly each month-Solar eclipses occur in different places so you don’t always see them

(8) Why does not everyone on Earth see a total solar eclipse?Not everyone is in the umbra

(9) Use the graph to answer questions (a)-(d)

(a) What should you title the graph?Temperature (degrees Celsius) vs. Local Time

(b) How many degrees does the temperature fall?~6 degrees or ~7 degrees

(c) What would be the time of the total eclipse? EXPLAIN.Sometime between 12:30-1:15 pm

(d) Write a C-E-R argument in response to the following question: How does the solar eclipse affect the temperature of the ground?The solar eclipse caused the temperature of the ground to drop. IN THE GRAPH, around 12:30 pm, the temperature drops about 6 degrees. THE TEMPERATURE OF THE GROUND DROPPED BECAUSE the moon blocked the sun’s heat rays.

Lesson 2: I can explain how the steps of the Earth, Sun, and Moon were formed.(10) What is wrong about the following diagram? Explain in complete sentences.

The order should have been universe, galaxy, solar system.There are many galaxies in the universe and many solar systems and stars in each galaxy.

(11) What are the three types of galaxies? How old are they and how do you know?Irregular – young because it has lots of gas and dust for new starsSpiral – medium aged because it has some gas and dustElliptical – old because it has little gas and dust and many bright stars

(12) What is a nebula?A cloud of gas and dust left over from an exploding star

(13) What is nuclear fusion? What kinds of objects in space have nuclear fusion?Nuclear fusion is a chemical reaction that lights up stars. It is ONLY IN STARS. It is what causes stars to shine.Hydrogen + Hydrogen = Helium

(14) What happens to star color, temperature, and size as stars get older?- color – gets more red- temperature – cools down- size -- expands

(15) Compare (find similarities) and contrast (find differences) the life cycle of an average star vs. a massive star.Similarities:-They will both explode one day-They both get more red, cool down, and expand as time goes on

Differences:-Massive star turns into a supernova and then a black a hole or a neutron star-Average star turns into a planetary nebula and then a white dwarf

(16) List the planets in order starting with the one closest to the sun.Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

(17) Circle the planets above that are gas giants.Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (JSUN)

(18) Use the picture at right to answer (a) – (c).(a) What would the watermelon represent?The sun

(b) How do the sizes of the rocky planets compare to those of the gas planetsThe rocky planets are way smaller

(c) What is one thing that is inaccurate about the size comparison in this model?-Jupiter is not there

-Uranus and Neptune are more similar in size than pictured-Uranus is almost as big as Saturn-Mars is too small

(19) List the steps in the formation of the sun.1. An ancient star exploded and it turned into a nebula2. Gravity pulls together swirl of gas and dust3. Nuclear fusion happens and the sun comes to life4. The explosion from nuclear fusion pushes gas and dust to the outside of the solar system

(20) List the steps in the formation of the earth.1. An ancient star exploded and it turned into a nebula2. Gravity that pulls in swirls of gas, dust, rock, and metal and Earth forms at the center3. Chunks of rock and metal hit the earth and add to its sizeTHIS IS NOT THE SPOT FOR THEIA

(21) List the steps in the formation of the moon.1. Theia collides with the Earth, knocking debris, gas, dust, rock, and metal into space2. Gravity pulls the debris back to Earth and some form the moon3. Craters are formed from asteroids/meteors hitting the moon

(22) Why does the moon have craters?Craters are formed from asteroids/meteors hitting the moon

Lesson 3: I can explain the movement of the Earth, Sun, and Moon based on gravity and inertia.(23) What is inertia?The tendency of a moving object to stay moving unless acted on by an outside force

(24) What is gravity?The attractive force (the pull) of anything that has mass

(25) True/False._________ Ms. Puricelli has her own gravitational pull. True

_________ In space, a smaller planet would attract a larger planet. False

_________ On a planet with more gravity than Earth, you could use “the force” to pull objects toward you. False

_________ The universe could not exist without gravity. True/False

(26) What was the experimenter testing in this virtual lab?

the effect of distance on gravity

(27)Planet Mercury Venus Earth MarsMass (x1023) (kg)

3.3 49 60 6.4

Surface gravity (Earth = 1)

0.38 0.91 1.00 0.38

a) Label the x-axis and y-axis and title the graph.x-axis – Massy-axis – Surface GravitySurface Gravity vs. Massb) Plot the data

c) Are mass and surface gravity directly or inversely proportional? Write a C-E-R argument.

Mass and surface gravity are directly proportional. IN THE GRAPH, when the mass was higher, so was the surface gravity. MASS AND SURFACE GRAVITY ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL BECAUSE when there is more mass, there is more to do the pulling.

(28) Explain the relationship between gravity and mass using the words directly proportional or inversely proportional.Directly proportional – as mass goes up, so does surface gravity

(29) Explain the relationship between gravity and DISTANCE using the words directly proportional or inversely proportional.Inversely proportional – as distance goes up, gravity goes down

(30) We learned that every object with mass has gravity. On earth, why isn’t a small marble pulled by gravity to a large elephant?

Earth has a stronger gravitational pull than the elephant

(31) Why does the Earth not go crashing into the sun?1. Inertia fights against gravity2. Earth has a pull from other planets in the solar system

(32) What causes orbits in space?Inertia and gravity working together. Inertia is in one direction, gravity is in the other, causing orbits.

(33)

a) As the distance from the sun increases, the time it takes to orbit increases.b) Are orbit time and distance from sun directly or inversely proportional? Explain in a C-E-R argument.Orbit time and distance from the sun are directly proportional. IN THE GRAPH, time it takes to orbit goes up the farther it is. ORBIT TIME AND DISTANCE FROM SUN ARE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL BECAUSE it has more space to cover and the pull from the sun is not as strong.