CLASS VIII – HISTORY

I. Multiple choice questions.

1. Who was the last powerful Mughal ruler? [ ]

(a) Akbar (b) Aurangzeb (c) Shahjahan

2. A massive rebellion against British rule broke out in _____ [ ]

(a) 1757 (b) 1857 (c) 1800

3. The first English factory was setup on the banks of the river Hugli in _____ [ ]

(a) 1651 (b) 1700 (c) 1600

4. What is meant by Paramountcy? ____ [ ]

(a) Supreme power (b) Ultimate power (c) No power

5. After the death of Alivardi Khan who became the nawab of Bengal? ____ [ ]

(a) Murshid Quli Khan (b) Mir Jafar (c) Sirajuddaulah

6. The Portuguese had established their presence in the Western Coast of India and had their base in _____

(a) Bombay (b) Gujarat (c) Goa [ ]

7. Which battle is famous because it was the first major victory the company won in India? ____ [ ]

(a) The Battle of Plassey (b) The Battle of Buxar (c) The Battle of Seringapatam

8. One of the main reasons for the defeat of the Nawab Sirajuddaulah in The Battle of Plassey is ____[ ]

(a) Mir Jafar, one of Sirajuddaulah’s commanders, never fought the battle.

(b) Nawab Sirajuddaulah was not having enough wealth.

(c) Nawab Sirajuddaulah was a weak ruler

9. Who was called as “Tiger of Mysore?” [ ]

(a) Hyder Ali (b) Mir Jafar (c) Tipu Sultan

10. Tipu Sultan established a close relationship with the _______ in India and modernized his army with their help [ ]

(a) British (b) French (c) Dutch

II. Fill in the blanks

1. In 1765 the Mughal Emperor appointed the Company as the Diwan of the provinces of _________.

2. Aurangzeb died in the year _________________.

3. The Battle of _________________ was fought in 1757.

4. The _________________ war resulting in the British gaining Orissa, Agra and Delhi.

5. The first English ships sailed down the west coast of _________________, round the Cape of Good Hope and crossed the Indian Ocean.

6. Tipu Sultan died defending his capital _________________ on 4 May 1799.

7. In the late 1830, the East India Company became worried about _________________ that might expand across Asia and enter India from the North-West.

8. _________________ , _________________ , Udaipur, Nagpur and Jhansi Kingdoms were annexed by British simply by applying the Doctrine of lapse.

9. The people of Awadh joined the great revolt that broke out in _________________.

10. _________________ , _________________ and Bombay were three presidencies; each was ruled by a Governor.

III. True or False

1. Vasco da Gama, an English explorer who had discovered sea route to India in 1498. ( )

2. The fine qualities of cotton ad silk produced in India had a big market in Europe. ( )

3. The Battle of Buxar was fought in 1764. ( )

4. Mysore controlled the profitable trade of the Malabar Coast where the Company purchased cotton and silk. ( )

5. In 1785 Tipu Sultan stopped the export of Sandal wood, pepper and cardamom. ( )

6. Third battle of Panipat was fought between British and Marathas. ( )

7. The third Anglo-Maratha war of 1817-19 crushed Maratha power. ( )

8. British Administrative units called as Presidencies. ( )

9. Governor-General Warren Hasting devised a policy that came to be known as the “Doctrine of Lapse”. ( )

10. The Supreme head of the Administration was the Governor-General. ( )

Q.1 Define the terms:

a) Doctrine of lapse

b) Subsidiary alliance

Q.2 Long Answer question:

a) What rights did east India Company secure through the queen’s charter of 1600’s?

b) How was the Revenue Collections from Bengal used by the Company?

c) What Attracted European Trading Companies to India?

d) Examine the factors leading to fierce battles between trading companies in

India. What did it lead to?

e) List the rights secured by the company through the Diwani of Bengal?

f) The company brought many changes in Indian Administration. Discuss.

g) Explain the changes that occurred in the composition of the company’s army.

Q-3 Answer in a line (very-short answer)

a) Who was the last emperor of India?

b) Who discovered the sea route to India?

c) When and where was the first English factory set up?

d) Which battle was fought in 1764?

e) Name 3 presidencies of British India?

f) Who was a Collector?

g) Name the chief Maratha confederacy?

h) Name the territories annexed by the company through doctrine of lapse?

i) Who initiated the policy of Paramountcy?

1.    Read the  following statement. Find out the incorrect statement.    (A) On 15 Aug 1765, the Mughal emperor appointed the East India Company the Diwan of Bengal.    (B) After Diwani right Company became the chief financial administrator of the territory under its control.    (C) Diwani right were also met their revenue demands.    (D) Company became the diwan but it saw itself primarily as trader.    Find out which one is incorrect:-    (A) A, B & C    (B) A & C    (C) C & D    (D) A, B & D

2.    Mahalwari system means:-    (A) In British revenue records mahal is a revenue records.    (B) Mahal is a Revenue Estate    (C) Mahal can be the village or group of villages.    (D) All of the above

3.    Which one of the following is true regarding mahalwari system?    (A) Revenue was added up to calculate the revenue that each village had to pay.    (B) This demand was to be revised periodcally.    (C) The demand was not permanently fixed.    (D) The charge of collecting revenue & paying it to  the Company was given to the village.    (A) A, B, C & D    (B) A & D    (C) A, C & D    (D) A, B & D

4.    A person who is owned by someone else and has no freedom & is compelled to work for master.    (A) Ryoti    (B) Cultivator    (C) Slave    (D) Servant

5.    Following are the problems related to Niz cultivated pick up the wrong statement?    (A) It was easier for the cultivators to expand the area under Niz cultivators.    (B) Only small plots were scattered under this cultivation.    (C) Labour was needed precisely at a time when peasants were usually busy with cultivation.    (D) This also requires many Ploughs & Bullocks.

6.    Find out the correct statement for Ryoti’s system?    (a) The planters fixed the ryots to sign a contract.    (b) At times they pressurised the village headmen to sign the contract on behalf of the ryots.    (c) Those who signed the contract got cash advances.    (d) Planters provided the seed & the drill necessary for farming.    (A) A, B & D    (B) B & C    (C) D, C & A        (D) A, B, C & D

7.    In which year & month blue rebellion took place?    (A) April 1859    (B) March 1859    (C) June 1859        (D) Feb 1859

8.    Match the following :    A. Ryots        (1) Village    B. Mahal        (2) Peasant    C. Niz        (3) Cultivation on Ryots lands.    D. Ryoti        (4) Cultivation on Planters own land.    (A) A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4    (B) A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2    (C) A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4    (D) A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 39.    Which one of the following is considered as proper statement as per Munro system?    (a) Munro system also known as Ryotwari system.    (b) The settlement they argued had to be made directly with cultivators.    (c) The charge of collecting the revenue & paying it to the Company & directly was given it to village headmen.    (d) The estimated revenue of each plot was added upto calculate the revenue that each village ray.    (A) A & B are true    (B) C & D are true    (C) A & C true        (D) All are true

ANSWERS - Q.1.-(B),Q.2.-(D),Q.3.-(D),Q.4.-(A),Q.5.-(C),Q.6.-(D),Q.7.-(B),Q.8.-(B),Q.9.-(A),Answer the following:-1. Describe Ryotwari system of land revenue collection.2. Describe the Mahalwari system of land revenue collection3. Why did the British expand areas under indigo cultivation? Who were the new plantation owners?4. Why did East India Company feel the need to improve agriculture between 1773-1793?5. Describe features of Permanent settlement.6. What were the problems created by permanent settlement?7. What was the reason for demand of Indian Indigo?8. What was nij system of cultivation? Identify the problems related with it.9. Write a short note on blue rebellion10. How was Mahalwari system different from Permanent Settlement system? 

II Answer in a line:-1. When was Permanent settlement introduced in Bengal?2. Who devised system of Mahalwari system?3. Who fought for indigo planter’s rights in India?4. Why did the demand of indigo rise in Britain?

5. Name the two main system of growing indigo.6. Name the four plantation crops introduced by British in India and places they were grown in.7. Who was Holt Mackenzie? Who created Kalamkari & how was it done?Class -8th

subject-History

Lesson-Tribals,Dikus and the vision of a golden age

MCQ

Q.1.Birsa belonged to which tribal group?

बीरसाकि�सजनजातीयसमूहसेसंबंधि�तथा?

(A) Santhal (B) Munda (C) Bhiku (D) None of the above

(ए) संथाल (बी) मुंडा (सी) भू�ू (डी) उपरोक्तमेंसे�ोईनहीं

Q.2.Birsa belonged to whichvillage and state

किबसा �ौनसेकि"लयऔरराज्य�ाथा?

(A)Chottanagpur-Bihar (B) Vaishali-Orissa (C) BeguSarai-Bihar (D) Kalahandi-Orissa(ए) चौटागपुर-किबहार (बी) "ैशाली-उड़ीसा (सी) बेगूसराय-किबहार (डी) �ालाहंडी-उड़ीसा

Q 3.Which other tribes supported BirsaMunda?

कि�स अन्य जनजाकित ने किबरसा मुंडा �ा समथ न कि�या?(A) Santhals (B) Oraons (C) Only a (D) Both a and b

(ए) संथाल (बी) ओरांस (सी) �े"ल ए� (डी) दोनों ए� और बी

Q 4.What were the main features of 'Jhum Cultivation'?

'झूमखेती' �ीमुख्यकि"शेषताएकं्याथीं?

(A) Seeds were not sown but scattered (B) No ploughing was done

(C) Afterthe harvest, cultivators moved to another field (D) Allthe above

(ए) बीजबोएनहींगएथेलेकि�नकिबखरेहुएथे (बी) �ोईजुताईनहीं�ीगईथी

(सी) फसल�ेबाद, कि�सानदूसरेके्षत्रमेंचलेगए (डी) उपरोक्तसभी

Q 5.Wherewastheshifting cultivation popular?

�हाँस्थानांतरणखेतीलो�कि?य?

(A) North East India (B) Central India (C) Only a (D) Both a and b

(ए) उत्तरईस्टइंकिडया (बी) मध्यभारत (सी) �े"लए� (डी) दोनोंए�औरबी

Q 6.Fallow land is for:

खालीभूधिम�ेलिलएहै:

(A) Cultivation (B) Recovery of soil fertility

(C) Better irrigation (D) None of the above

(ए) खेती(बी) धिमट्टी�ीउ" रता�ी"सूली

(सी) बेहतरसिसंचाई(डी) उपरोक्तमेंसे�ोईभीनहीं

Q 7.Which region did the Khonds tribe belong to?

कि�सक्षेत्रमेंखोंडजनजाकित�ाकिहस्साथा?

(A) Bihar (B) Orrisa (C) Bengal (D) Madhya Pradesh

(ए) किबहार (बी) ओरिरसा(सी) बंगाल(डी) मध्य?देश

Q 8.Which of the two forest products were used to colour the clothes?

दो"नउत्पादोंमेंसेकि�स�पडे़�ारंगइस्तेमालकि�यागयाथा?

(A) Kusum flowers (B) Palash flowers (C) Only a (D) Both a and b

(ए) �ुसुमफूल (बी) पलाशफूल (सी) �े"लए� (डी) दोनोंए�औरबी

Q 9.From where did the forest tribes get their supply of oil?

"नजनजाकितयों�ोतेल�ीआपूर्तितं�हांसेधिमली?

(A) Seeds of sal (B) Seeds of mahua C) Only a (D) Both a and b

(ए) बीजों�ीकिबक्री (बी) महुआ�ेसी) �े"लए� (डी) दोनोंए�औरबी

Q 10.The Baigas tribe belonged to which part of India?

(A) Central India (B) Eastern India (C) Western India (D) Southern India

. बागीजनजाकितभारत�ेकि�सकिहस्सेसेसंबंधि�तहै?

(ए) मध्यभारत (बी) पू"Nभारत (सी) पश्चिPमीभारत (डी) दश्चिक्षणीभारत

Fill in the blanks

11.The British described the tribal people as ____________.

किQटिटश लोगों ने आटिद"ासी लोगों �ो ____________ �े रूप में "र्णिणंत कि�या

12The method of sowing seeds in jhum cultivation is known as ____________.

झाम�ीखेतीमेंबीजबोने�ीकि"धि��ो ____________ �ेरूपमेंजानाजाताहै।

13.The tribal chiefs got ____________ titles in central India under the British land settlements.

किQटिटश जमीनी बस्तिस्तयों �े तहत आटिद"ासी ?मुखों �ो मध्य भारत में ____________ खिखताब धिमले।

14.Tribals went to work in the ____________ of Assam and the ____________ in Bihar.

आटिद"ालिसयों ने असम �े ____________ और किबहार में ____________ में �ाम �रने �े लिलए �ाम कि�या।

15.Thesanthals of hazaribagh reared _________

हजारीबाग�ेसंतोंने _________ चलाया

16.The ________were not ready to work as labourers.

________ "ेश्रधिम�ों�ेरूपमें�ाम�रने�ेलिलएतैयारनहींहैं

17.Thebritish declare that forests were ____ property.

किQटिटशघोकिषत�रताहैकि�"न ____ संपश्चित्तथे

18.Birsa was born in a family of ________, a tribal group that lived in

किबरसा�ाजन्मए�परिर"ार�े ________ मेंहुआथा, जोए�आटिद"ासीसमूहथाजोउसमेंरहतेथे

19The lives of shifting cultivators depended on free movement within ________

खेतोंमेंस्थानांतरण�ेजी"न _________ �ेभीतरमुक्तआंदोलनपरकिनभ रथा

20. Choose true or false:

a. Jhum cultivators plough the land and sow seeds.b. Cocoons were bought from the Santhals and sold by the traders at five times the

purchase price.

c. Birsa urged his followers to purify themselves, give up drinking liquor and stop believing in witchcraft and sorcery.

d. The British wanted to preserve the tribal way of life.e. The tribal chiefs lost their authority under the british rule.

a झाम कि�सानों ने जमीन हल �र और बीज बोना b �ो�ूनों �ो संथाल से खरीदा गया और व्यापारिरयों द्वारा खरीद मूल्य पर पांच गुना बेचा गया। c किबरसा ने अपने अनुयाधिययों से आग्रह कि�या कि� "े खुद �ो शुद्ध �रें, शराब छोड़ दें और जादू टोना और जादूगरों में कि"श्वास �रना बंद �रें। d किQटिटश आटिद"ासी जी"न शैली �ो संरश्चिक्षत �रना चाहते थे

Q 21 MATCHING SKILLS

Match the items given in column A correctly with those given in column B

Column A Column B(i) Baigas (a) Punjab(ii) Van gujjars (b) Andhra pradesh(iii) Gaddis (c) Jharkhand(iv) Labadis (d) Central India(v) Santhals (e) Kulu

Q 22 Why did the british introduce land settlements ?

Ans .They did so in order to get a regular renenue source for the state.

Q 23. Who were the outsiders being referred to as dikus? Traders, moneylenders, missionaries, Hindu landlords the British were the outsider: being referred to asdikus.

Q 24. What problems did Birsa set out to resolve ?

Solution: (a) The familiar ways of tribals seemed to be disappearing.

(b)Their livelihoods were under threat.

(c)The religion appeared to be in danger. Birsa set out to resolve these problems.

Q 25.What were the methods of getting supply of cereals (rice, wheat etc.) by the forestdwellers ?

"न"ालिसयों द्वारा अनाज (चा"ल, गेहूं आटिद) �ी आपूर्तितं �रने �े तरी�े क्या थे?

Q 26. What were the activities of the Tribals?(3

आटिद"ालिसयों�ीगकितकि"धि�योंक्याथी?

Q 27.Name the notable tribes in India.

भारतमेंउल्लेखनीयजनजाकितयों�ोनामदें

Q 28.What problems did shifting cultivators face under British rule?

अंग्रेजों �े शासन �े दौरान खेती �रने "ालों �ो क्या समस्याए ंआ रही थीं?

Q 29. How did the powers of tribal chiefs change under colonial rule?

औपकिन"ेलिश� शासन �े तहत आटिद"ासी ?मुखों �ी शलिक्तयां �ैसे बदल गईं?

Q30. What accounts for the anger of the tribals against the dikus?क्याकिड�स�ेखिखलाफआटिद"ालिसयों�ेगुस्से�ाक्या�ारणहै?

Q 31. What was Birsa’s vision of a golden age? Why do you think such a vision appealed to the people of the region?

ए�स्"ण युग�ीकिबरसा�ीदृधिeक्याथी?आप�ोऐसाक्योंलगताहैकि�इसतरह�ेए�दृधिe�ोणनेइसक्षेत्र�ेलोगोंसेअपील�ी?

Q 32.Why did the British dislike 'shifting cultivators'?

अंग्रेजोंने'खेती�रने"ालेखेतों' �ोक्योंनापसंदकि�या?

Q 33. What is ‘land Settlement Act' and why was it enforced?

जमीनसेटलमेंटएक्टक्याहैऔरइसेलागूक्योंकि�यागया?

Q 34.Write a short note on the Santhals of Jharkhand

झारखंड�ेसंथालपरए�संश्चिक्षप्तनोटलिलखिखए

Answer key

1. munda

2.(a)Chottanagpur-Bihar

3.(A) Santhals

4.(D) Allthe above

5.(A) North East India

6.(B) Recovery of soil fertility

7.B) Orissa

8.(D) Both a and b

9.(D) Both a and b

10.(A) Central India

11. Uncivilised

12. Broadcasting

13. Land

14. Tea plantations, coal mines

15. Cocoons

16. Baigas

17. State

18. Mundas, Chottanagpur

19. Forests

20.(a) False, (b) True, (c) True, (d) False (e) True

21.(i)d (ii)a (iii)e (iv)b (v)c

22.They did so in order to get a regular renenue source for the state.

23. Traders, moneylenders, missionaries, Hindu landlords the British were the outsider: being referred to as dikus.

24. (a) The familiar ways of tribals seemed to be disappearing.

(b)Their livelihoods were under threat.

(c)The religion appeared to be in danger. Birsa set out to resolve these problems.

26. : Tribal people in different parts of India were involved in a variety of

activities. They were

1. Shifting Cultivation2. Hunting & Gathering forest produce

3. Herding animals 4. Settled cultivation

27. : The notable tribes in India were

1. The Bodos of Assam

2. The Gonds of Central India

3. The Kurumbars of South India

4. The Todas of the Nilgiri plateau

5. The Mundas of Jharkhand

28.: The shifting cultivators were forced to take up settled cultivation. But type of land and shortage of water meant they could not produce enough. Many of them had to move on to other areas in search of work when access to the forest was restricted.

29. The functions and powers of the tribal chiefs changed considerably under the British rule. They lost much of their administrative power. They were forced to follow the laws made by the British. They had to pay tribute to the British. They were expected to discipline their people on behalf of the British government. However, they were allowed to keep their land titles over a cluster of villages and could rent out lands. Thus, the authority of the tribal chiefs significantly reduced under the colonial rule.

30.Answer: Interaction with merchants and traders usually meant debt and poverty for the tribal. Hence, moneylenders and traders were seen as evil outsiders. They were seen as the cause of the misery of tribal people. The moneylenders and any other outsider were called the dikus.

31.Answer: The tribal sirdars talked of a golden age. This was an age when the Mundas had been free from the oppression of dikus (enemies). They visualized of a time when the ancestral right of the community would be restored.

Everyone wants a freedom from oppression and most of the people want the pride of their community. The vision of a golden age was like a dream for the tribal people. Hence, this vision appealed to the people of the region.

32. Solution: The British did not like people moving from place to place, as was the case with shifting cultivators. They wanted tribal groups to settle down and become settled cultivators as it would be easier to control and administer people who were in one place. The British also found it easy to collect revenue from people who were settled in one place and maintain records on them.

33. Solution: Land Settlement Act which was enforced by the British defined the rights of each individual to a measured piece of land, and fixed the revenue for that piece of land, which had to be paid to the British. The British enforced this law as they wanted a regular revenue source from the states.

34. Solution: Santhals are the third largest tribe in India. They are mostly found in the states of West Bengal Aryan, Bihar, Orissa, Jharkhand and Assam. Santhals belong to the Pre period. They were the great fighters during the British regime in India. They wagged war against the Permanent Settlement Act enforced by Lord Cornwallis in 1855. During the late 18503, Santhals hero Sidhu had accumulated around 10 thousand Santhals to run a parallel government against the British government. Santhals speak Santali language, which belongs to the Austro- Asiatic language family. The livelihood of the Santhals revolves around the forests they live in. They fulfill their basic needs from the trees and plants of the forests. The also cultivated silk warms. An animal sacrifice to the Gods was a common practice among the Santhals to appease the Gods and Goddess. Santhals mainly celebrate the Karam festival which falls in the month of September and October. It is the tradition among the Santhals to grow the Karam tree outside their house after the purification process.

Assessment-----

Chapter-Tribals ,Dikus and the vision of a golden age

MCQ

1.The Gaddis of kulu were

(a) Shephered (b) cattle herders

(c)fruitsgatherers (d)hunters

2.Vaishnav preachers were the worshippers of

(a)Siva (b)Durga

(c)krishna (d)Vishnu

3 Fill in the blanks

(a )The tribal chiefs got ____________ titles in central India under the British land settlements.

(b).Tribals went to work in the ____________ of Assam and the ____________ in Bihar.

4. MATCHING SKILLS Match the items given in column A correctly with those given in column B

Column A Column B

(i) Baigas (a) Punjab

(ii) Van gujjars (b) Andhra pradesh

(iii) Gaddis (c) Jharkhand

(iv) Labadis (d) Central India

(v) Santhals (e) Kulu

5.Who was Birsa?

6.Who were the outsiders being reffered to as dikus?

7.What were the main activities of the khonds living in the forests of orrisa?

Map Skills

Make a outline map of India ,mark the location of the following tribal groups in India:

(i)Gaddis (ii) Gonds (iii) Santhals (iv) Khonds

CH-5: WHEN PEOPLE REBEL

Class: VIII

Subject: HISTORY

Tick the correct answer:

1. The main centers of the revolt were •

. कि"द्रोह�ेमुख्य�ें द्रथे

a. Delhi b.Meerut c.. Lucknow d. All of them

2. ___________ proclaimed himself Peshwa.

___________ ने खुद �ो पेश"ा घोकिषत कि�याa. Nana Sahebb. BajiRao c. Tantia Tope d. MangalPandey

3. _____________took an active part in organizing the uprising against the British

किQटिटशों �े कि"रूद्ध कि"द्रोह �े आयोजन में _____________ ने सकिक्रय

a. Zeenatmahal b. Begum Hazratmahalc. MumtazMahal

4. The company brought reinforcements from__________

�ंपनी ने लष्�रों �ो लाए

a. Madras s b. Bombay c. England d. Delhi

5. Delhi was recaptured from the rebel forces in ______________

______________ में कि"द्रोही बलों से टिदल्ली �ो "ापस ले लिलया गया था

a. September 1857 b. May 1857 c. June 1858

Fill in the blanks:

Q.6. A massive rebellion that started in ____________, threatened the company’s very presence in India.

ए� बडे़ कि"द्रोह जो ____________ में शुरू हुआ, ने भारत में �ंपनी �ी बहुत उपस्थिस्थकित �ो खतरा बताया।

7._________________ had been stationed in many courts of rajas and nawabs.

_________________ �ो राजाओं और न"ाबों �ी �ई अदालतों में तैनात कि�या गया था।

.8 The forces of the ___________ and ___________were disbanded.

__________और __________ �े बलों �ो भंग �र टिदया गया था।

Q.9. ___ was one of the last territories to be annexed by the British.

____________ किQटिटश राज्यों द्वारा संबद्ध कि�ए जाने "ाले अंकितम के्षत्रों में से ए� था।

Q10. The name of the _____________ was removed from the coins minted by the company. �ंपनी �े नाम �े लिसक्�ों से _____________ �ा नाम हटा टिदया गया था।

State whether true or false:

State whether true or false:

Q11.None of the Indians wanted to change existing social practices.. ( )

भारतीयोंमेंसे�ोईभीमौजूदासामाजिज�?थाओं�ोबदलनानहींचाहताथा

Q.12 PeshwaBajiRao II was the adopted son of Nana Saheb ( )

प्पेश"ा बाजी रा" किद्वतीय, नाना साहब �े दत्त� पुत्र थे।

Q.13 In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Benga ( )

1801 , ए� सहाय� गठबं�न बंगाल पर लगाया गया था

Q.14 .After the revolt of ,the governor –general of India was given the title Admiral –general ( )

कि"द्रोह�ेबाद, भारत�ेग"न र-जनरल�ोएडधिमरल-जनरलशीष �टिदयागयाथा

Q.15The Indian sepoys were unhappy about their pay ,allowance and conditions of services. ( )

भारतीयलिसपाहीसे"ाओं�ेअपने"ेतन, भत्तेऔरशतn�ेबारेमेंनाखुशथे।

Q16. What is a rebellion?

कि"द्रोह क्या है?

Q17. What was the demand of Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi that was refused by the British?

झांसी �े रानी लक्ष्मीबाई �ी मांग क्या थी, जिजसे अंगे्रजों ने अस्"ी�ार �र टिदया था?

Q18- What did the British do to protect the interests of those who converted to Christianity?

ईसाई �म में परिर"र्तितंत होने "ाले लोगों �े किहतों �ी रक्षा �रने �े लिलए किQटिटश ने क्या कि�या?

Q19 What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked to use?

लिसपाकिहयों �ो नए �ारतूसों �े लिलए क्या आपश्चित्त थी जिजनसे उन्हें इस्तेमाल �रने �े लिलए �हा गया था?

Q20 . How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?

आखिखरीमुगलसम्राटनेअपनेजी"न�ेआखिखरी"षnमें�ैसेजीया?

Q21. What was the demand of Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi that was refused by the British? झांसी �े रानी लक्ष्मी बाई �ी मांग क्या थी, जिजसे अंगे्रजों ने अस्"ी�ार �र टिदया था?

Q22. What did the British do to protect the interest of those who converted to Christianity?जो ईसाई �म में परिर"र्तितंत हुए हैं, उन�े किहतों �ी रक्षा �े लिलए किQटिटश क्या �रते हैं?

Q23. What objections did the sepoys have to the new cartridges that they were asked touse ?

लिसपाकिहयों �ो नए �ारतूस �े लिलए क्या आपश्चित्त थी, जिजन्हें उन्हें �हा गया था

Q.24 - What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?

मई 1857 से पहले भारत में अपनी स्थिस्थकित �े बारे में किQटिटश शास�ों �े कि"श्वास �े �ारण क्या हो स�ता है?

Q25. What impact did Bahadur Shah Zafar’s support to the rebellion have on the people and the ruling families?

कि"द्रोह �े लिलए बहादुर शाह जफर �ा समथ न लोगों और सत्तारूढ़ परिर"ारों पर क्या असर हुआ है? कि"द्रोह �ो बहादुर शाह जफर �ा समथ न लोगों और सत्तारूढ़ परिर"ारों पर क्या असर हुआ?

Q26- How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?

अ"� �े कि"द्रोही जमींदारों �ो जमा �रने में किQटिटश �ैसे सफल हुए?

Q27. How did the last Mughal emperor live the last years of his life?

आखिखरी मुगल सम्राट ने अपने जी"न �े आखिखरी "षn में �ैसे जीया?

Q28. What could be the reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857?

मई 1857 से पहले भारत में अपनी स्थिस्थकित �े बारे में किQटिटश शास�ों �े कि"श्वास �े �ारण क्या हो स�ता है?

Q29. Why is the revolt of 1857 known as the first war of independence?

1857 �े कि"द्रोह �ो आजादी �े पहले युद्ध �े रूप में क्यों जाना जाता है?

Q32. How did the British succeed in securing the submission of the rebel landowners of Awadh?

अ"� �े कि"द्रोही जमींदारों �ो जमा �रने में किQटिटश �ैसे सफल हुए?

Q33. Name the groups that participated in this revolt.

इस कि"द्रोह में भाग लेने "ाले समूहों �ो नाम दें

Q34. How did the mutiny became a popular rebellion?

कि"द्रोह �ैसे लो�कि?य कि"द्रोह हुआ?

Q35. Describe the causes of Revolt of 1857.

1857 �े कि"द्रोह �े �ारणों �ा "ण न �रें

Q36. Describe the contribution of the following in the revolt of 1857.

1857 �े कि"द्रोह में किनम्नलिलखिखत �े योगदान �ा "ण न �रें।

Q,37. Trace the rebellion from Meerut to Delhi.मेरठसेटिदल्ली�ेकि"द्रोह�ोटे्रस�रें

Answer key

1. d. All of them2. a. Nana Saheb3. b. Begum Hazratmahal4. c. England5. a. September 18576. 1857

7. Residents8. Rajas and nawabs9. Awadh10. Names and photos of kings11. False12. True13. True14. False15. True

16 .It is an organized revolt against established authority when people are unsatisfied

17. Answer: After the death of her husband, Rani Lakshmidai wanted her adopted son to be recognized as the heir to the kingdom.

18. Answer: In 1850, a new law allowed an Indian who had converted to Christianity to inherit property of his ancestors. This law made it easier to convert to Christianity.

19 Answer: It was rumoured that the new cartridges were coated with the fat of cows and pigs. This hurt the sentiments of both the Hindus and the Muslims.

20 Answer: The last Mughal emperor spent the last years of his life in a jail in Rangoon; along with his wife.

21. Ans. Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi wanted the company to recognize her adopted son as theheir to the kingdom after the death of her husband.

22. Ans. In 1850, a new law was passed to make conversion of Christianity easier. This lawallowed an Indian who had converted to Christian to inherit the property of their ancestor.

23.Ans. The new cartridges were coated with the fat of cow and pig. And cow was a religions creaturefor the Hindus. Indians also thought that this was destroying their culture.

24 Answer: Within hundred years of assuming the Diwani of Bengal, the British became the unquestioned rulers over a large part of the Indian subcontinent. They rarely had to use force to take control over a territory. They were doing profitable trade which was their main objective. They also succeeded in winning the support of most of the local rajas and chieftains. These are some of the possible reasons for the confidence of the British rulers about their position in India before May 1857.

25. Answer: The decision by Bahadur Shah Zafar to support the rebellion had dramatically changed the entire. Most of the smaller rulers and chieftains had been ruling over their territories on behalf of the Mughal ruler. They situation hoped that if the Mughal ruler could once again resume power, they would also be able to rule their own territories once again. People were emboldened by an alternative possibility.

26. Answer: The British also tried to win back people’s loyalty. Rewards were announced for loyal landholders. The loyal landlords were allowed to enjoy their traditional rights over the land. The rebels were told that if they submitted to the British, they would remain safe and their claims and rights would not be denied. But there was a condition that they had not killed any white people.

27. Ans. The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar was tried in court and sentenced to lifeimprisonment. His sons were shot dead before his eyes. He and his wife Begum ZinatMahal were sent to prison in Rangoon in October 1858.Bahadur Shah died in Rangoon jail in November 1862.This was how he lived the last years

of his life.

28. The company used the method of subsidiary alliance to annex the kingdom. They eventook the territory reason that it was misgoverned. They almost finished the Mughal dynasty and made plans to clear it off. Some Indianjoined the British army and thus, the British felt confident of their position in Indiabefore May 1857. There were no rebellions as well as the British thought no Indian can even have thecourage to rebel against them. They had built a supremacy over the country. TheNawabs and kings were afraid of raising voice against the East India Company.

29. Ans. The revolt of 1857 is known as the first was of independence as before this war, noone was so united in battles.But in this battle many social groups of the country came together to fight like Nawabs,rajas, zamindars, peasants all came together to fight this battle. Such kind of battle was notexpected.

30. Ans. In this revolt, all the sepoys marched to the Britisher’s buildings, houses, policestation and burnt them. They killed the British. The main role in these deeds was ofsepoys. Therefore, the Revolt 1857 is also called sepoymutiny(Sepoy means soldiers andmuting means ‘Soldiers March’).

31. Answer: The British made various changes in their policies after the revolt of 1857. Some of them are as follows:

The British Crown took the direct responsibility of governance in India.

All the ruling chiefs and kings were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future. They could pass on their kingdom to their heirs; including the adopted sons. However, they were to accept the suzerainty of the British Crown.

A decision was taken to increase the proportion of Europeans in the army. More people were to be recruited from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs and Pathans.

It was decided to respect the local customs and traditions

32The British tried their best to win back the loyalty of the people.They announced rewards for loyal landholders would be allowed to continue enjoyingtraditional right over their lands.Those who had rebelled were told that if they submitted to the British and if they had notkilled any white people, they would remain safe and their rights and claims to land wouldnot be denied.Never these hundreds of sepoys, rebels, Nawabs and rajas were tried and hanged.

33.Ans. The groups that participated in this revolt are:-sepoysPeasantsZamindarsTribals

Rajas andNawabs

34. A very large number of people begin to believe that they have a common enemyand rise up against the enemySepoys mutinied in several places beginning from Meerut and a large number ofpeople from different sections of society rose up in rebellion.After a hundred years of conquest and administration, the English East IndiaCompany faced a massive rebellion that started in May 1857 and threatened theCompany’s very presence in India.

35. The causes of the Revolt of 1857 are:-1. Political Cause (Nawabs lose their power)Since the mid – eighteenth century, Nawabs and rajas had seen their authority andhonour. Residents had been stationed in many courts, the freedom of the rulers reduced,their armed forces disbanded, and their revenues and territories were taken awayby stages. Many ruling families tried to negotiate with the company to protect their interests.Ex: - Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi wanted the company to recognize her adopted son as the heirto the kingdom after the death of her husband.Nana sahib, the adopted son of PeshwaBajiRao II, pleaded that he be given his father’spension when he later died. However, the company, confident of its superiority

and militarypower, turned down these plans.2. Economic Cause In the countryside peasants and zamindars resented the high taxes and the rigidmethods of revenue collection. Many failed to pay back their loans to themoneylenders and gradually lost the lands they had tilled for generations. Some of the new rules, moreover, violated their religious sensibilities and beliefs.Sepoys also reacted to what was happening in the countryside. Many of them werepeasants and had families living in the villages. So the anger of the peasantsquickly spread among the sepoys.3. Social Cause:- The British believed that Indian society had to be reformed laws were passed tostop the practice of sati and encourage the remarriage of widows. English –language and education was actively promoted. After 1830, the company allowed Christian missionaries to function freely in itsdomain and even own land and property. In 1850, a new law was passed to make conversion to Christianity easier. ManyIndian began feeling that the British were destroying their religion, their socialcustoms and their traditional way of life.4. Military Cause:- The Indian sepoys in the employment of the company also had reason fordiscontent as their pay, allowances and conditions of service. They also didn’t get enough promotional avenues and overseas allowances.5. Immediate Cause New cartridges were being coated with the fat of cows and pigs which theIndian thought was destroying their traditional culture.Q5. Describe the events during the sepoy mutiny. On 29 March 1857, a young soldier, MangalPandey, was hanged to death for attaching hisofficers in Barrackpore. Some days later, some sepoys of the regiment at Meerut refused to do the army

drill usingthe new cartridges, which were suspected of being coated with the fat of cows and pigs. As a result Eighty –five sepoys were dismissed from service and sentenced to the years injail for disobeying their officers. This happened on 9th May 1857. On 10th May, the soldiers marched to the jail in Meerut and released the imprisoned sepoys. British officers were killed, arms and ammunitions were seized, building set on fire. Triumphant soldiers gathered around the walls of the Red –Fort where the Badshah lived,demanding to meet him. The soldiers themselves proclaimed Bahadur Shah Zafar as theirleader. He had to accept it.

36. Rani Lakshmi Bai:- JhansiJoined the rebel sepoys and fought the British along with Tantia Tope.2. Bakht Khan:-A soldier from Bareilly, took charge of a large force of fighters who came to Delhi.Became a key military leader of the rebellion.3. Kunwar Singh:- BiharJoined the rebel sepoys, and battled with the British for many months.4. MangalPandey:-Fought the Britishers for the rifles.5. Nana Saheb:-Adopted son of the late PeshwaBajiRao who lived near Kanpur, gathered armedforces and expelled the British garrison from the city. He proclaimed himself Peshwa.6. Tantia TopeJoined the rebel sepoys and fought the British with Rani Lakshmi Bai general of Nana

Saheb.

37.Solution: On 9th May 1857, some Sepoys of the regiment at Meerut refused to do the army drill using the new cartridges. So, eighty-five Sepoys were dismissed from service and sentenced to ten years in jail for disobeying their officers. On 10th May, the soldiers marched to the jail in Meerut and released the imprisoned Sepoys. They attacked and killed British officers. They captured guns and ammunition and set fire to the buildings and properties of the British and declared war on the firings or foreigners. The soldiers were determined to bring an end to the British rule in India and they wanted the country to be ruled by the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar. So, the Sepoys of Meerut rode all night to reach Delhi. As news of their arrival spread, the regiments stationed in Delhi also rose up in rebellion. British officers were killed, arms and ammunition seized, buildings were set on fire.

Assessment

Chapter-When People Rebel 1857 and after

MCQ

1.The Revolt of 1857 began from

(a) Lucknow (b) Kanpur

(c)Awad (d) Meerut

2.The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar died in:

(a) the Rangoon jail (b)theroyal palace

(c)the mosgue (d) the audience Ha

Fill in the blanks

3. The forces of the ___________ and ___________were disbanded.

4._________ was one of the last territories to be annexed by the British.

5.Why were the Indian sepoys unhappy with the Biritish rule?Give any one reason.

6.Why were the powers of the east IndiaCompany transpered to the British crown?

7.When did the British recapture Delhi?

8.Make a political map of India ,mark the important centres of revolt in North India.

IN service training course 2017-18(I Spell)

Innovative ideas for social science exhibition

The exhibition should be focused on-

1.The exhibition will be held under teacher guidance

2. The teacher will give information about that topic to the student.

3.The student will be take away at historical place and give information that history topic .

4. make models by use of wastes materials as geography’s topic

5.make chart on that topic

6. topic co-related their daily life .

7.use of technology as show them video on that topic

8.make album on that topic

9.The topic will be relate with current affairs like we can tell them about village level ,district level, state level or national level election.

10.play the game on that topic.

11.take away student at near historical museum and will give information .

12.Simulations and Role-Playing on that topic.

13.quiz on that topic.

14.debate on that topic.

15.group discussion

CHAPTER 6.(HISTORY) COLONIALISM AND THE CITY (THE STORY OF AN IMPERIAL CAPITAL)

Fill in the blanks

1. In the 1870’s, the western walls of ----------------- were broken to establish the railways.2. The Mughal aristocracy in the 17th and 18th century lived in ------------3. A haveli is housed by many -------------4. The central dome of the viceroy’s palace was copied from the -----------5. The British exiled Bahadur Shah Zafar to --------------------6. The two architects who designedNew Delhi and Shahjahanabad were--------------------- and

-------------------7. The British saw overcrowded spaces as-----------------------8. In 1888 an extension scheme called the ------------------was devised9. The British lived in ----------- areas of the cities.10. In 1877, the Queen -------------was recognized as the Empress of India

Short answer questions

1. Who lived in the “white areas in cities such as Madras?2. What is meant by de-urbanization?

3. Write about Machlipatnam.4. Name different types of towns on the basis of their functions.5. What happened to the Indian cities during the 19th and 20th centuries6. How most of the modern cities emerged in the western world?7. What was Khanqahs and Idgah?8. Why did Calcutta, Bombay and Madras rise in importance in the late eighteenth century? 9. Name some cities which were de-urbanized in the 19th century.10. Which period is called Renaissance period of Delhi? 11. What was the difference between Presidencies and Delhi

Answer the following questions in 60 to 80 words

1. Why did several types of towns decline in importance during the late 18th century?2. Was Shahjahanabad an ideal city?3. When did the British gain control of Delhi?4. What were the differences in the development of Delhi and other colonial cities?5. Where was New Delhi constructed? who designed this city?6. Describe the city of New Delhi with the Government buildings after 1911.7. What were the views of Viceroy Hardinge and architect Herbert Baker about New Delhi?8. What was the effect of riots on Muslims in Delhi in 1947?9. Explain the statement Delhi became a city of refugees.10. Why did the British choose to hold a grand Durbar in Delhi although it was not the capital?

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 80 WORDS EACH

1. How did the Old city of Delhi change under British rule?2. How did the partition affect life in Delhi3. How many ‘Delhi’s came in to existence before New Delhi?4. Why and how the British did made New Delhi in stark contrast to old city?5. Describe the features of colonial Bungalows.6. What did the Census of 1931 reveal?

CHAPTER 6 ( HISTORY) ANSWER KEY

FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. Shahjahanabad 2. Havelis 3. Families 4. Buddhist Stupas 5. Burma (Now Myanmar) 6. Edward Lutyens, Herbert Baker 7.Unhygienic 8. Lahore gate improvement scheme 9. White areas 10. Victoria.

Short answers

1. The British lived in White areas of the cities such as Madras2. De-urbanization is a process when alarge number of people from cities begin to move to other

towns / villages. Lack of opportunities like trade, unemployment etc. were the main causes3. a. Machlipatnam developed as an important port town in the eighteenth century.

b. Its importance declined by the late eighteenth century as trade shifted to the new British ports of Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.

4 Temple town -- Madurai, Manufacturing Town – DaccaPort towns -- Surat5 Un like the Western countries Indian cities did not grow rapidly in the eighteenth and nineteenth

century.6 a. In Western world modern cities emerged with Industrialization. b. In Britain Industrial cities like

Leeds and Manchester grew rapidly. c. More people sought jobs , housing and other facilities in these places.

7 Khanqahs were Sufi lodges used as a rest house for travelers and for discussion on spiritual matters. Idga is an open prayer place for Muslims.

8 In the late eighteenth century, Calcutta, Bombay and Madras rose in importance as Presidency cities. They were administrative cities of their regions. They became the power center’s British power in the different regions of India.

9 1. Machlipatnam 2. Surat 3. Srirangapatnam 4 Murshdabad10 The period from 1830 to 1857 is referred to as Delhi renaissance. Establishment of Delhi college in

1792 led to flowering of intellectual talent in sciences and humanities largely in Urdu language.11 The presidencies were the Centre’s of British power and developed from East India company’s “

Answer the following in 60 to 80 words each1. a. A host of smaller cities declined b. Several towns manufacturing specialized goods declined due

to a drop in the demand for their produce. C. Old trading Centre’s and ports died with the moving to new Centre’s. d. New Centre’s of administration emerged.

2. Shahjahanabad was a good and splendid capital town of that time, but still this was not an ideal city as: a. there was sharp divisions between rich and poor. b. Besides a large number of havelis, there were many more mud houses of the poor. c. The colorful world of poetry and dance was usually enjoyed only by the rich men. d. celebrations and processions of festivals often led to serious conflicts.

3. a. In 1803, the British gained control of Delhi after defeating the Marathas. b. since the capital of British India was Calcutta (now Kolkata),c. the Mughal emperor was allowed to continue living in Red fort.d. d. The modern city as we know it today (New Delhi) only after 1911.e. Before 1857, developments in Delhi were different from those in other colonial cities.

4. A.InMadras,Bombay or Calcutta the living spaces for Indians and the British were separate. Indians lived black areas while the British lived in White areas. B. In Delhi the whites lived in the old Delhi with rich and affluent people. C. While in Madras, Bombay or Calcutta, Britishers were living in separate areas.

D. But in Delhi The Britishers learned to enjoy Urdu / Persian culture and poetry and participated in local festivals.

5. A. New Delhi was constructed as a 10 squaremile city on Raisina Hill. B. Two architects Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker, designed New Delhi and its buildings consisting of a two mile avenue for government complex.

6. New was constructed on Raisina Hill. The government complex consisted of a two mile avenue. Kingsway, now Rajpath,led to the Viceroy’s palace, now RashtrapathiBhavan. Secretarial buildings were on either side of the avenue. Overall look was classical Greece (5th BC)with features from Indian history. Central dome of Viceroy’s palace was copied from Sanchi stupa. Carved screen and jalis of red sandstone were borrowed from Mughal style.

7. Viceroy Hardinge believed that the New Delhi would strike the imagination of Indians. It would be the assertion of determination of British to rule India. Herbert Baker believed that New Delhi must be a sculptural monument of good governance and unity that India enjoyed under the British rule. He believed that it is a new civilization in making and blending of best elements of East and west.

8. Days after partition, rioting began and thousands of people were killed or their homes looted. Streams of Muslims left Delhi for Pakistan, their place was taken by Sikh and Hindu refugees of Pakistan. At times Muslims were forced to sell or leave their properties. Over 2/3rd of the Delhi Muslims migrated. Around 44,000 homes were abandoned. Muslims lived in makeshift camps till they could leave for Pakistan

9. Nearly 5, 00,000people were added to Delhi’s population. Most of these people were from West Punjab and stayed in camps, schools etc. hoping to build new homes for themselves. Some got opportunity to occupy residences that were vacated, while some lived in refugee colonies like Lajpat Nagar and Tilak Nagar.

10. After the revolt of 1857, numerous events took place in Delhi. In 1877, Viceroy Lytton organized a Durbar to acknowledge Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. Calcutta was still the capital of British India, but the grand Durbar was being held in Delhi because during the Revolt, the British realized the importance the Mughal emperor to the people. It was therefore important to celebrate British power with pomp and show in Delhi.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN 100 WORDS EACH.

1. The British wanted Delhi to forget its Mughal past.

The areas around the Fort was completely cleared of gardens, pavilions and mosques for security reasons. Mosques in particular were either destroyed, or put to other uses. The Zinat-al-Masjid was converted in to a bakery. No worship was allowed in the Jama Masjid for five years. One third of the city was demolished. In the 1870’s, the western walls of Shahjahanabad were broken to establish the railways and to allow the city to expand beyond the walls. The Delhi College was turned in to a school, and shut down in 1877.The British now began living in the sprawling Civil Lines away from the Indians in the walled city.

2. Partition of India into India and Pakistan in 1947 led to a massive transfer of population on both sides of the new border. Partition led to fierce rioting. Muslims left Delhi for Pakistan and Hindu and Sikh refugees came from Pakistan. Population of Delhi swelled , Jobs changed and culture became different. Delhi became a city of refugees, Nearly 5, 00,000 people were added to Delhi’s population and in 1951 this addition was little over 8, 00,000. Most of the migrants from Punjab. New Colonies like Lajpat Nagar and Tilak Nagar came up at this time. Skills and professions of the refugees were different from those they replaced. Lives and occupations changed. Social Fabric of Delhi changed. Urban culture based on Urdu was overshadowed by new tastes in food arts and dresses.

3. Delhi is today, the capital of Modern India. Before this it has been a capital for more than1,000 years, although with some gaps. In all 14 capital cities were founded in a small area of about 60 square miles on the left bank of the river Jamuna. The remains of all other capitals are seen on a visit to the modern city-state of Delhi. Most of these are the capital cities built between the 12 th and 17th

centuries, for example, Firozabad Dinparah, Shahjahanabad etc. 4. British made New Delhi in stark contrast to old city to show their importance.

A. There were no crowded mohallas, but sprawling mansions in the middle of large compounds. B. There were no maze of by lanes rather there were broad, straight streets. C. Instead of chaos of Old Delhi, there was a sense of law and order. D. Clean and healthy spaces in place of Unhygienic and unhealthy areas. E. New Delhi had better water supply, sewage disposal and drainage facilities. F. F. It was greener with parks, and trees.

5. The colonial bungalow was quite different from the haveli. a. It was for one nuclear family. b. It was a large single-storeyed structure with a pitched roof. c. It had separate living and dining rooms and bed rooms. d. It had one or two acres of open ground. e. A wide veranda ran in the front, and sometimes on three sides. Kitchens,stablesand servants’ quarters were in a separate space from the main house. f.The house was run by dozens of servants. The women of the house hold often sat on the verandas to supervise tailors or other tradesmen.

6. The census of 1931 revealed:a.The walled city area was horribly crowded with as many as 90 persons per acre. New Delhi had

only about 3 persons per acre. The poor conditions in the Walled city ,did not stop it from expanding.

b.In 1888 an extension scheme called the Lahore Gate Improvement scheme was planned by Robert Clarke. Market Square around which shops would be built. Streets in this redevelopment strictly followed the grid pattern. They were of identical width, size and character. Clarkegunj remained incomplete and did not help to decongest the Old city.

c. The Delhi Improvement trust was set up. It built areas like Daryaganj South for wealthy Indians. Houses were built around parks. Within the houses, space was divided according to new rules of privacy. Instead of spaces being shared by many families or groups now, different members of the same family had their own private spaces within the home.