Year 9 – Home Learning Activities/Extension and summer work

Below is the range of tasks that you can complete over the rest of the term and the summer holidays. Before you start make sure that you have all the things that you will

need. You will find it particularly useful to complete this work if you are taking History at GCSE.

Lesson Number and Title

Things that you will need

Instructions

1-2- What was the Cold War?Arms race

-Pen-Paper

- All the information that you need and the resources are below

- Read the information below about the Cold War- Research the definitions of the key words for this topic and

write them in the table or draw a table on paper and write them in

- Answer the 4 mark question- Create a timeline for the Arms race using the resources

provided 3- The Iron Curtain- Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan

-Pen-Paper

- Read the information carefully all the information and resources that you need are below

- Read through Truman’s speech and answer the questions- Answer the questions on the Truman Doctrine/Marshall

Plan and containment4- Berlin Blockade and airlift

-Pen-Paper

- Read the information carefully, the information and resources you need are below

- Watch the clip and read the summaryhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zth3nbk/video

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zth3nbk/revision/1

- Read through the information on what happened in Berlin, complete the narrative account task to show what happened

- Write an account of how tension increased in the Cold war- use the table and example paragraph to complete your answer

5- Cuban Missile Crisis

The Cuban missile crisis was another example of increased tension during the Cold WarRead the information and watch the clip:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3bqk7h/revision/1-Read through the information and complete the tasks

Extended Learning – reading and knowledge Extended Learning – fun things to do and create

- Read:-Sektion 20 by Paul Dowswell--Red shadow by Paul Dowswell-Simple history: The Cold War by Daniel Turner and Joshua Kennedy

Watch:Apollo 13 (1995)Hidden figures (2016)

- Research Cold War preparations around the world. There was a nuclear bunker in York, called ‘Number 20 Group Royal Observer Corps HQ’. It was one of 28 secret bunkers across Britain. Research

what happened there and what the bunker was used for.

- Research the US school policy of ‘Duck and Cover’

If you have any questions about the tasks please contact: cbrown@jesmondparkacademy.org.uk

Additional resources, links and reading needed for the lesson activities:

Lesson one resources:

What was the Cold War?

Task one: Find the definition of the key words for this topic:Word Meaning

Cold War

Communist

Capitalist

Atom bomb

Arms race

Space race

MAD

President H. Truman President of America 12th April 1945- 20th January 1953Truman Doctrine

Marshall Aid

Berlin Blockade

Cuban Missile crisis

After the horrors of the Second World War, people hoped for a peaceful and settled time. In fact, the period after the war was often tense and dangerous.

The USA and USSR fought together as allies during the Second World War, but after it, they quickly became enemies. They had different beliefs and both mistrusted the other. The relationship became hostile. Both states developed powerful nuclear weapons, and there was a genuine fear that the Cold War could lead to nuclear conflict. Britain was an ally of the USA and developed its own nuclear weapons. From 1957, it also agreed that American missiles could be stationed on British bases within striking distance of targets in the USSR. This made Britain a likely target for attack by the USSR if the Cold war got worse.

The Cold war was called ‘Cold’ because it was not a war of physical attacks but a war of ideas and influence which led to great tension.

Eastern Europe fell under the control of Communists led by the USSR (Russia)

Western European countries were supported by Britain, France and the USA.

The USSR and the USA had very different ways of running countries. The USSR wanted to spread Communism across land it controlled, while the USA wanted to support Capitalist countries in the West.

Question: Describe two reasons why there was tension between Communist and Capitalist countries at the end of the Second World War?

The Arms and Space race:

As tension increased between the USA and the USSR both countries wanted to have better weapons than the other. Both countries also competed to have the best space technology as this would be another sign of dominance. This was known as the Arms and Space race, and this continued to increase tension between the nations. The race to get the biggest and best weapons led to what was known as Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD), this meant that both America and Russia knew that if one launched a nuclear attack the other country could respond in the same way. Countries around the world were very worried about the threat of nuclear war and across the world people practised what they would do in the event of nuclear war.

Task: Create a timeline for the Arms race using the resources below. Use a new piece of paper, draw a timeline on to your paper and carefully add the dates and events from the table below. Cut and paste, or draw and image to go with each event. Find out at least two facts about each event and write them under or near the event on your timeline.

Year Event

1945 USA drops the first Atomic bomb on Japan

1952 USA builds a Hydrogen Bomb

1953 Russia builds a Hydrogen Bomb

1957 Russia tests their Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBMs)

1958 USA tests their ICBMs

1959 USA launches submarine loaded with nuclear weapons

1962 The USA blocks Russia from delivering a boat full of Nuclear Bombs to Cuba. The world is nearly brought to Nuclear War

1963 Nuclear Ban Treaty is agreed by the USA and Russia (stopped the testing of any new Nuclear weapons)

1967 A Nuclear Disarming Treaty is agreed by the USA and Russia (promising to get rid of all Nuclear weapons)

Lesson three: What was the Iron Curtain/ Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan?The Soviet Army had lost more soldiers than any other country in the Second World War. They had liberated Eastern Europe, and killed nearly 80% of the Nazi dead on the Eastern Front. The leader of the USSR Josef Stalin wanted to make sure that sacrifice was not wasted on helping create a Europe that was hostile to the USSR.He kept troops in Eastern Europe after the war to create a “buffer zone” which would protect the USSR from another attack. Countries in Eastern Europe came under the control of Russia, such as Poland, Romania and Hungary.

Governments in Capitalist countries were worried about this divide between Communist and Capitalist counties. In a speech in 1946 Winston Churchill said:

“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia, all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and, in some cases, increasing measure of control from Moscow”

The Iron Curtain was not a physical barrier but the divide between Communist and Capitalist countries. The only place where a proper physical divide existed was in Berlin.

What did America do?

President Harry Truman was worried about what was going on behind the Iron Curtain and people in America were very scared about the idea of Communism spreading.

Task: Read through the speech given by President Truman and complete the tasks below:

“The Fateful Hour” Speech, Harry Truman, 12 th March 1947 At the present moment in world history nearly every nation must choose between alternative ways of life. The choice is too often not a free one. One way of life is based upon the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and freedom from political oppression. The second way of life is based upon the will of a minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections, and the suppression of personal freedoms. I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures. I believe that we must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way. I believe that our help should be primarily through economic and financial aid, which is essential to economic stability and orderly political processes. This is a serious course upon which we embark. I would not recommend it except that the alternative is much more serious. The United States contributed $341,000,000,000 toward winning World War II. This is an investment in world freedom and world peace. The assistance that I am recommending for Greece and Turkey amounts to little more than 1 tenth of 1 percent of this investment. It is only common sense that we should safeguard this investment and make sure that it was not in vain. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. We must keep that hope alive. The free peoples of the world look to us for support in maintaining their freedoms. If we falter in our leadership, we may endanger the peace of the world. And we shall surely endanger the welfare of this nation.

TASKS:1. Highlight any words you think Truman is using to describe the Soviet Union and its ideas. 2. In another colour, highlight any you think he is using to describe the USA and its ideas.3. In the space below, describe what you think the message of this speech is. What is Truman saying he

will do and why?

TASKS:1. Highlight any words you think Truman is using to describe the Soviet Union and its ideas. 2. In another colour, highlight any you think he is using to describe the USA and its ideas.3. In the space below, describe what you think the message of this speech is. What is Truman saying he

will do and why?

These policies were both used to try and stop Communism from spreading any further, this was known as Containment.

Watch this clip to find out more:

https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zx9782p/video

Task: Write a clear definition of what the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Aid was

What does containment mean?

Lesson 4: Berlin blockade and airlift:Watch the clip to find out more:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zth3nbk/video

You can also read a summary of the events in Berlin:https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zth3nbk/revision/1

Answer the two questions below:

The Berlin Blockade and Airlift The war time conferences resulted in the division of Germany between the four main

powers; the USSR, the USA, the UK and France. They also divided the capital city Berlin between the four. By 1947, the UK and USA agreed that they needed to join together their sections to create a stronger economically Germany. This alliance created ‘Bizonia’. In 1948, France joined the alliance to form ‘Trizonia’. To make ‘Trizonia’ uniform and strong, the three created the Deutsch Mark so that all parts of ‘Trizonia’ would have the same currency. This angered Stalin who felt they were trying to force him out and show that Germany was now two very separate parts.

Stalin wanted to show the West that a divided Germany would not work. He decided to close of the land routes so that the West would not be able to access their part of Berlin. This meant that food and supplies could not be easily sent to the capital. As a result, the West

launched Operation Vittles. This was also known as the Berlin Airlift. Food, coal and all sorts of supplies were flown in to Berlin. 1,000 tonnes of supplies were being flown into Berlin every day. The majority were flown into one of Berlins three airports where local German people would unload the planes and distribute the supplies.

Most of the supplies were the essential things the city needed to function. But one American pilot changed that. One day he spoke to a group of German children who were worried about losing their freedom. To attempt to cheer them up he felt in his pocket and found two sticks of gum. He broke them in half and gave them to the children. He went back to West Germany and collected all the sweets and chocolate he could. Oh his next trip, he opened the planes door over Berlin and threw out parachutes containing the sweets. Soon children from all over the city would line the streets waiting for ‘the chocolate pilot’ to deliver his packages. Children would even write letters to him, sending instructions of how to get to their houses!

The blockade continued for 11 months, from June 1948 until the 9th of May 1949 when the USSR lifted the blockade and supplies flooded into the city via the roads and trains. Stalin had failed to drive the West out of Berlin and to most of the world, the Blockade looked like an unwise and aggressive act by the leader.

Write an account of how tension increased during the Cold war (8)

Complete the planning grid and then complete your answer having read the example.

Explain what happened: Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan- President Truman was so worried about the spread of Communism that he made a speech saying he would help stop the spread. He would give money to any country that was in danger of falling to Communism.

Explain what happened: Iron Curtain

Explain what happened: Arms/Space race/ MAD

This led to:A clear divide between the Capitalist and Communist countries and tension between America and Russia as America were clearly going against Russia

This led to: This resulted in:

Own knowledge:

Truman was very worried

Own knowledge: Own knowledge:

about the spread of Communism and sent General Marshall to Greece which was facing danger from Communists. Marshall said they needed help immediately. People in America were really scared about the spread of Communism.

Write an account of how tension increased during the Cold war (8) Example:(P) One way in which tension increased during the Cold war was when President Truman announced in 1947 that he would help any country that was in danger of falling to Communism, this was known as the Truman Doctrine. (E) Truman was very worried about the spread of Communism as he saw it as a threat to the American way of life. He had sent General Marshall to Greece to investigate the situation there as they were in danger of falling to Communism. Truman agreed to give Marshall Aid (money) to any country that was in danger of turning Communist. (E) This led to tension as it clearly showed America were willing to try and stop Russia expanding Communism.

Reason two: Reason three:

Lesson 5: Cuban Missile crisis:

The Cuban missile crisis was another example of increased tension during the Cold War

Learn more here:

- https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3bqk7h/revision/1

Tension over Cuba grew in the years 1959-61, initially because of the Cuban Revolution. Fidel Castro seized control, overthrowing the US backed dictator Batista. As a result of this revolution, Castro seized all land owned by foreigners, which increased tension as the USA was a big investor in the Cuban economy, owning industries such as railways and oil companies. Furthermore, tensions heightened when Castro made a deal with the Soviet Union to supply them with Cuban sugar, creating an alliance between the two countries. As a result of this new communist alliance being only 90 miles away from the US coast, the new US president Kennedy, gave his support to a plan written by Eisenhower and the CIA to overthrow Castro, which was known as the ‘Bay of Pigs’ invasion. However, tensions increased when the attempted revolution failed due to the Cuban rebels being poorly trained and the plan being leaked to Cuba before hand. As a result, when the 1,400 Cuban exiles arrived, with no support from the USA, they were met with 20,000 Cuban soldiers and quickly defeated. Kennedy was humiliated, as it looked as if communism was popular and painted Kennedy as an aggressor and hypocrite, for he had criticised Soviet aggression in Eastern Europe. Castro feared the USA would attack again and asked Khrushchev for help. Khrushchev responded by announcing that he would send arms to Cuba in September 1961, which further increased tensions over Cuba.

Evidence dot Highlight

anywhere that includes specific detail (names,

dates etc.)

Connective DotHighlight

anywhere that a connective has

been used.

Highlight anywhere that includes any evidence of

where tensions would increase.

Dots

The USSR looking strong

The USA was concerned over the Strength of

the Soviet Union, they

were looking increasingly dangerous.

Communist Allies

Helping Cuba with missiles

will show other communist nations the USSR will

support them.

Fidel Castro

The USA saw Castro as a dangerous

threat to the USA. Operation Mongoose had

aimed to assassinate

Castro but this failed.

Not in my Back Yard!

90 miles was too close for comfort; the

Soviet missiles could hit all

major cities in the USA.

Inferior weapons

The USSR had far inferior weapons to the USA. Missiles on

Cuba would give them an advantage.

90 Miles

These missiles would be just

JFK

President Kennedy would

Even the score

Having missiles in Cuba would

Khrushchev

Soviet premier Nikita

Dominoes

The Domino theory suggested that if

90 miles off the east coast of the USA, so will make the USSR a real

threat.

look weak if the Soviets

were allowed to keep

missiles in Cuba.

level the playing field

with the USA.

Khrushchev wanted to

pressure the USA, Cuba was

the perfect way to do this

Cuba fell to communism then other countries in

the Americas would soon follow.

Failure in Berlin

The Berlin blockade of 1948 had

failed and the USSR looked weak. This

would make the USSR look strong again.

The Bay of Pigs

The USA had failed to

overthrow Castro in Cuba and made the

USA look weak, this was

another blow.

Containment

The USA had been following

a policy of ‘containment’

to stop communism spreading around the

world.

Missiles in Turkey

The USA had missiles in

Turkey, these could destroy

the USSR

Use 2 Colours

1 = Views of the USSR

2= Views of the USA