Cell Structures and Functions Assessment

NAME:________________________________ DATE:____________________ CLASS:_________________

Directions: Choose the best answer for each multiple choice question by circling the correct answer.

1. Cells that have a cell membrane but no nucleus can be considered ___.A. prokaryotesB. eukaryotesC. mitochondriaD. bacteria

2. Which cell structure does not serve as a structural component in the cell?A. cell wallB. microfilamentC. Golgi apparatusD. microtubule

3. Large quantities of ATP, the energy-storing molecule for the cell, is supplied by the ___.A. nucleusB. mitochondriaC. vacuoleD. chloroplast

4. What is a characteristic of genetic material in a prokaryote?A. free-floating in the cytoplasmB. stored in a nucleusC. used by ribosomes and the cell membraneD. used in genetic experiments

5. Which of the following groups of cell structures belong to plant cells but not animal cells?A. mitochondria, chloroplast, glucoseB. nucleus, ribosome, endoplasmic reticulumC. cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasmD. chloroplast, cell wall, central vacuole

6. What makes plants autotrophic?A. Plant cells contain chloroplasts, which absorb sunlight to produce their own food.B. Plant cells contain vacuoles, which store fluids and nutrients absorbed by root cells.C. Plant cells contain cell walls, which prevent the plant from moving.D. Plant cells contain ribosomes, which make proteins for the cell.

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NAME:________________________________ DATE:____________________ CLASS:_________________

7. A student observes organisms in a drop of lake water using a microscope. The student notices a single-celled organism with no nucleus moving with a long, whip-like structure. What can the student conclude about the organism?A. The organism is a prokaryote that uses its flagellum for mobility.B. The organism is a eukaryote that uses a pseudopod and cilia for mobility.C. The organism contains enzymes that function only the lake water’s pH range.D. The organism is a prokaryote that is both heterotrophic and autotrophic.

8. A group of students examined the diagram of a cell shown below.

How did these students know that this is not a plant cell?A. There is no cell wall.B. It contains a nucleus.C. There are several mitochondria.D. It can sustain its own life.

9. What is the main difference between the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria?A. Mitochondria exist only in animal cells cell while chloroplasts exist only in plant cells.B. Chloroplasts produce energy-storing molecules, and mitochondria convert energy from those

molecules.C. Chloroplasts and mitochondria are both involved in energy processes that occur in plant cells.D. Mitochondria contain their own DNA, and chloroplasts have no genetic material.

10.How would the cell be affected if it did not have the Golgi apparatus?A. Proteins would not be assembled and processed correctly.B. Genetic information would be copied with multiple errors.C. Proteins and lipids would not be transported within or out of the cell.D. Energy from carbohydrates would not be obtained and converted.

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NAME:________________________________ DATE:____________________ CLASS:_________________

11.How are the nucleus, ribosomes, and the rough endoplasmic reticulum related?A. The nucleus and rough endoplasmic reticulum share genetic information, which is transported

by ribosomes.B. Ribosomes build proteins in the rough endoplasmic reticulum using a copy of a gene, which is

obtained from the nucleus.C. When the rough endoplasmic reticulum needs to build a protein, it signals the nucleus using

ribosomes as messengers.D. Ribosomes are created in the nucleus, and they remain only in the rough endoplasmic

reticulum when they are released.

12.One of the main functions of a liver is metabolizing natural substances and toxins. Which cell structure is most likely found in high abundance in liver cells due to the role it plays in the cell?A. mitochondriaB. vesicleC. lysosomeD. smooth endoplasmic reticulum

13.Nerve cells release neurotransmitters, or chemical messengers, to communicate with other nerve cells. Which cell structures most likely play a key role in the release of neurotransmitters?A. mitochondria and vacuolesB. rough endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomesC. Golgi apparatus and cell membraneD. ribosomes and vesicles

14.Cystic fibrosis is a disease where the flow of water to the exterior of a cell is inhibited due to the dysfunction of a protein called cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR). The result is a buildup of thick mucous that affects normal functioning of several organs. Based on this information, which cell structure’s normal function is affected by CFTR?A. vacuoleB. cytoplasmC. cell membraneD. chloroplast

15.The immune system defends the body against foreign invaders and infections. Some white blood cells play a role by targeting infectious bacteria and engulfing them. Once inside the cell, a bacterium is held within a vacuole and digested by enzymes. On what other cell structure do white blood cells rely to break down bacteria?A. smooth endoplasmic reticulumB. lysosome

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NAME:________________________________ DATE:____________________ CLASS:_________________

C. microtubuleD. vesicle

16.Plants have adaptations that enable them to survive in certain environments. What cellular adaptation might plants have that grow close to the earth’s surface beneath the shade of taller trees?A. Thicker cell walls to withstand harsh weather conditionsB. A smaller nucleus to obtain shorter chromosomesC. Greater concentrations of chloroplasts to absorb more sunlightD. Larger vacuoles to store water for long periods of drought

17.Which of the following organisms do scientists believe are the most ancient?A. bacteriaB. fungusC. plantD. animal

18.Nerve cells are highly active cells, and when the energy demand of these cells are not consistently met over a long period of time, it can lead to neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s Disease. What is most likely one of the causes of such disorders?A. Vesicles fail to fuse with the cell membrane and release neurotransmitters.B. Dysfunctional mitochondria are unable to perform metabolic functions.C. Proteins are prevented from copying genes to make more proteins.D. The cytoskeleton is unable to transport materials for use throughout the cell.

19.How might a cell adapt in an environment where resources become scarce?A. The cell would create more vacuoles to store fluids, nutrients, and other materials.B. The cell membrane would increase its surface area to interact with the environment more.C. The amount of cytoplasm would decrease to allow more room for organelles.D. The cell creates cilia to help it move to a new environment.

20.Which of the following is not true of a plasmid?A. essential to cell survivalB. contain additional genesC. circular double-stranded DNAD. can be found in a variety of cell types

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