Web UI Test Automationby Artem Nagornyi

Drivers: Selenium WebDriver, Sikuli XFrameworks: PageFactory, TestNGOther tools: Apache Ant, Jenkins CI

What is Selenium WebDriver?

● Open-source, multi-platform, multi-browser tool for browser automation

● Collection of bindings for multiple languages (Java, C#, Python, Ruby, Perl, PHP)

● Can be used with different frameworks: JUnit, NUnit, TestNG, unittest, RSpec, Test::Unit, Bromine, Robot, and many others.

● Has the biggest and strongest community. De facto standard in the world of Web UI test automation

Locators

Selenium WebDriver finds elements in browser via DOM using these locators:● webdriver.findElement(By.id("logo"))● webdriver.findElement(By.name("q"))● webdriver.findElement(By.tagName("H1"))● webdriver.findElements( By.className

("sponsor_logos"))● webdriver.findElement( By.cssSelector("section.

roundbutton div#someid"))● webdriver.findElement( By.xpath("//section

[@id='miniconfs']/a[2]"))● webdriver.findElements(By.linkText("about"))● webdriver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("canberra"))

Interactions With Page

Selenium WebDriver simulates all user interactions with browser:● webElement.click()● webElement.sendKeys("type some text")● webElement.submit()Actions class -> Mouse events, Drag and Drop

Actions builder = new Actions(driver);

Action dragAndDrop = builder.clickAndHold(someElement)

.moveToElement(otherElement)

.release(otherElement)

.build();

dragAndDrop.perform();

There are many ways ...

To simulate right-click:new Actions(driver).contextClick(element).perform();

Or you can use WebDriverBackedSelenium: Selenium selenium = new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, "http://sample.com")

selenium.fireEvent("//tr[@id[contains(.,'Equipment')]]", "blur");

To generate virtually any JS event use JavaScriptExecutor:((JavascriptExecutor)driver).executeScript("document.getElementById('element ID').blur()")

AJAX applications

When elements are loaded asynchronously, Selenium can wait either unconditionally:

webdriver().manage().timeouts()

.implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)

or conditionally:Boolean expectedTextAppeared =

(new WebDriverWait(driver, 30))

.until(ExpectedConditions.textToBePresentInElement(By.cssSelector("div#projects div.value"), "expected value"));

Testing Styles and Executing JS

Testing CSS properties:● webElement.getCssValue("height")● webElement.getCssValue("background-image")

JavaScript execution:JavascriptExecutor js = (JavascriptExecutor)driver;

js.executeScript("your_js_function();");

Frames and AlertsTargetLocator target = webDriver.switchTo();

//Switching to a frame identified by its name

target.frame("name");

//Switching back to main content

target.defaultContent();

//Switching to alert

Alert alert = target.alert();

//Working with alert

alert.getText();

alert.accept();

alert.dismiss();

alert.sendKeys("text");

Browser NavigationNavigation nav = webDriver.navigate();

//Emulating browser Back button

nav.back();

//Forward button

nav.forward();

//Open URL

nav.to("http://www.sut.com");

Migration from Selenium I (RC)Selenium selenium =

new WebDriverBackedSelenium(webDriver, "http://sample.com")

selenium.open("http://sample.com/home");

selenium.click("id=follow_twitter");

selenium.waitForPageToLoad("10000");

WebDriver webDriver = ((WebDriverBackedSelenium)selenium)

.getUnderlyingWebDriver();

PageFactory and Page Objects● Each page is encapsulated in its own Page class where methods represent

page-specific actions and instance variables represent elements bound to locators via annotations

● Behavior that is not page-specific is encapsulated in a Site class, and all Page classes are derived from Site class

public class GoogleSearchPage extends GoogleSite {

@FindBy(id = "q")

private WebElement searchBox;

public GoogleResultsPage searchFor(String text) {

searchBox.sendKeys(text);

searchBox.submit();

return PageFactory.initElements(driver, GoogleResultsPage.class);

}

}

Working with Regular Expressions@FindBy(css = "a.mylink")

private WebElement mylink;

//This checks that the text of a link equals to "Yahoo"

assertEquals(mylink.getText(), "Yahoo");

//This checks that the text of a link contains "ho" substring

assertTrue(checkRegexp("ho", mylink.getText()));

===================Helpers.java===================public static boolean checkRegexp(String regexp, String text)

{

Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regexp);

Matcher m = p.matcher(text);

return m.find();

}

Asynchronous Text Lookupwebdriver().manage().timeouts()

.implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS)

isTextPresent("sometext"); isTextNotPresent("othertext");

===================Helpers.java===================public static void isTextPresent(String text) {

wd.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(.,\""+text+"\")]")); }

public static void isTextNotPresent(String text) {

boolean found = true;

try {

wd.findElement(By.xpath("//*[contains(.,\""+text+"\")]"));

} catch(Exception e) {

found = false;

} finally { assertFalse(found); } }

Working with Tables@FindBy(css = "table#booktable")

private WebElement table;

//getting the handler to the rows of the table

List<WebElement> rows = table.findElements(By.tagName("tr"));

System.out.println("Table rows count: " + rows.size());

//print the value of each cell using the rows handler

int rown; int celln; rown = 0;

for(WebElement row: rows) {

rown ++;

List<WebElement> cells = row.findElements(By.tagName("td"));

celln = 0;

for(WebElement cell: cells) {

celln ++;

System.out.println("Row number: " + rown + ". Cell number: "

+ celln + ". Value: " + cell.getText());

} }

What is Sikuli X?

● Open-source, multi-platform visual technology to automate graphical user interfaces using images of objects on the screen.

● Tests are developed in Jython or Java.● Images of objects are captured in Sikuli IDE.● You can import and use Java classes to

extend your framework.

Sikuli Java API Wrappers//Wait for element on the screen

public static void elementWait (String elementImagePath, int timeOut) throws Exception {

regionImagePath = image_folder + elementImagePath;

screen.exists(elementImagePath, timeOut);

}

//Click element on the screen

public static void elementWaitAndClick (String elementImagePath) throws Exception {

regionImagePath = image_folder + elementImagePath;

screen.click(elementImagePath, 0);

}

Why Sikuli?

1. Automation of non-standard interfaces, where more native UI automation is impossible or will require much larger efforts.

2. Image comparison testing.3. As a helper tool in scope of a larger test

automation framework.

What is TestNG?TestNG is a testing framework inspired from JUnit and NUnit but introducing some new functionalities that make it more powerful and easier to use, such as:● Annotations.● Run your tests in arbitrarily big thread pools with various

policies available (all methods in their own thread, one thread per test class, etc...).

● Flexible test configuration.● Support for data-driven testing (with @DataProvider).● Support for parameters.● Powerful execution model (no more TestSuite).● Supported by a variety of tools and plug-ins (Eclipse, IDEA,

Maven, etc...).

TestNG Code Example@Test(groups = {"regression", "inprogress"})

public void testSearch() { // test implementation }

@Parameters({"browser"})

@BeforeMethod(alwaysRun = true)

public void startDriver(){

driver = new FirefoxDriver(); }

@AfterClass(alwaysRun = true)

public void stopDriver() {

driver.close(); }

Apache Ant

Apache Ant is a Java build and configuration tool that we use for:1. Compilation of Selenium WebDriver test

classes2. Execution of tests3. Passing parameters from command line to

test automation framework (used for selective execution of test suite and test case)

Jenkins Continuous Integration Server

Jenkins is a popular open-source continuous integration server that we use for:1. Scheduled execution or on-demand

execution of Selenium WebDriver tests2. Integration with source control repository

(SVN, GIT)3. Shared online dashboard with test results4. Keeping history of test results5. Email notifications about failed builds

Online Resources

● http://seleniumhq.org/docs/03_webdriver.html - Selenium WebDriver official page and tutorial

● http://selenium.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/docs/api/java/index.html - Selenium WebDriver API (Java bindings)

● http://code.google.com/p/selenium/wiki/PageFactory - PageFactory

● http://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html - TestNG documentation

● http://sikuli.org/docx/ - Sikuli X Documentation● http://ant.apache.org/manual/index.html - Apache Ant

documentation● https://wiki.jenkins-ci.org/display/JENKINS/Use+Jenkins

- Jenkins Wiki

Questions