web accessibility workshop 3
TRANSCRIPT
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Web Accessibility WorkshopSession Three
Vladimir Tomberg, PhDTallinn University
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Today Workshop
1. Presentation of the Homework;2. Alternative Input Devices;3. Other Assistive Products;4. Assistive Technology in different OS;5. Homework Assignment 3
Web Accessibility Workshop
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1. PRESENTATION OF HOMEWORKPlease be prepared to share your experience!
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2. ALTERNATIVE INPUT DEVICESAssistive Technologies
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Alternative Keyboards
• Featuring larger- or smaller-than-standard keys or keyboards, alternative key configurations, and keyboards for use with one hand.
Source: microsoft.com
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Alternative Layout Keyboards
Source: mayer-johnson.com
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Big Keys Keyboard
Source: try-it.ie
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Big Keys Keyboards with Key-Guards
Source: click2go.ie
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One-Handed Keyboards
Source: enablemart.com
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One Hand “Half Keyboard”
Source: infogrip.com
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One Hand Keyboard
Source: infogrip.com
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Foot Pedals
• Foot pedals can allow to designate which key each pedal represents;
• Pedal can be used instead of keys one commonly has trouble with, such as shift, ctrl or space;
• Foot pedals can be purchased individually or in sets of two or three.
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Foot Pedal
Source: kinesis-ergo.com
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Electronic Pointing Devices
• Electronic pointing devices used to control the cursor on the screen without use of hands. Devices used include: Ultrasound, Infrared beams, Eye movements, Nerve signals, Brain waves
Source: microsoft.com
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Eye Movements Tracking Device
Source: abletech.ca
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Head Movement based Cursor Control
Source: naturalpoint.com
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Control of Wheelchairs with Brain Waves
Source: asiabiomed.wordpress.com
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Typing a Text at On-Screen Keyboard with Brain Waves
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Joysticks
• Joysticks — manipulated by hand, feet, chin, etc. and used to control the cursor on screen.
Source: microsoft.com
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Trackballs
• Trackballs—movable balls on top of a base that can be used to move the cursor on screen
Source: microsoft.com
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Touch Screens
• Touch screens — allow direct selection or activation of the computer by touching the screen, making it easier to select an option directly rather than through a mouse movement or keyboard;
• Touch screens are either built into the computer monitor or can be added onto a computer monitor.
Source: microsoft.com
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Touch Screen
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Sip-and-Puff systems
• Sip-and-Puff or Sip 'n' Puff (SNP) technology is a method used to send signals to a device using air pressure by "sipping" (inhaling) or "puffing" (exhaling) on a straw, tube or "wand
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3. OTHER ASSISTIVE PRODUCTSAssistive Technologies
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Braille Embossers
• Braille embossers transfer computer generated text into embossed Braille output;
• Braille translation programs convert text scanned-in or generated via standard word processing programs into Braille, which can be printed on the embosser
Source: microsoft.com
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Braille Printer
Source: www.gizmag.com
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Keyboard Filters
• Keyboard filters are typing aids such as word prediction utilities and add-on spelling checkers that reduce the required number of keystrokes;
• Keyboard filters enable users to quickly access the letters they need and to avoid inadvertently selecting keys they don't want
Source: microsoft.com
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WiViK Keyboard with Prediction
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Link to Other On-Screen Keyboards
• https://touch-base.com/documentation/ Virtual%20Keyboards.htm
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Light Signaler Alerts
• Light signaler alerts monitor computer sounds and alert the computer user with light signals;
• This is useful when a computer user can not hear computer sounds or is not directly in front of the computer screen;
• As an example, a light can flash alerting the user when a new e-mail message has arrived or a computer command has completed
Source: microsoft.com
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Light Signaler Alert Device
Source: freebiefrenzy2.blogspot.com
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On-Screen Keyboards
• On-screen keyboards provide an image of a standard or modified keyboard on the computer screen that allows the user to select keys with a mouse, touch screen, trackball, joystick, switch, or electronic pointing device;
• On-screen keyboards often have a scanning option that highlights individual keys that can be selected by the user;
• On-screen keyboards are helpful for individuals who are not able to use a standard keyboard due to dexterity or mobility difficulties.
Source: microsoft.com
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Single Switch
Image Source: spectronicsinoz.com
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Single Switch Access to iPad Using Switch Control
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TH540kuBDwo
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Reading Tools and Learning Disabilities Programs
• Reading tools and learning disabilities programs include software and hardware designed to make text-based materials more accessible for people who have difficulty with reading;
• Options can include scanning, reformatting, navigating, or speaking text out loud;
• These programs are helpful for those who have difficulty seeing or manipulating conventional print materials; people who are developing new literacy skills or who are learning English as a foreign language; and people who comprehend better when they hear and see text highlighted simultaneously
Source: microsoft.com
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Portable Word Processor
Image source: www.writerlearning.com
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Refreshable Braille Displays
• Refreshable Braille displays provide tactile output of information represented on the computer screen;
• A Braille "cell" is composed of a series of dots. The pattern of the dots and various combinations of the cells are used in place of letters.
• Refreshable Braille displays mechanically lift small rounded plastic or metal pins as needed to form Braille characters. The user reads the Braille letters with his or her fingers, and then, after a line is read, can refresh the display to read the next lineSource: microsoft.com
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Braille Displays
Image: www.afb.org
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Screen Enlargers
• Screen enlargers, or screen magnifiers, work like a magnifying glass for the computer by enlarging a portion of the screen which can increase legibility and make it easier to see items on the computer;
• Some screen enlargers allow a person to zoom in and out on a particular area of the screen
Source: microsoft.com
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Software Screen Magnifier
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Screen Readers
• Screen readers are used to verbalize, or "speak," everything on the screen including text, graphics, control buttons, and menus into a computerized voice that is spoken aloud;
• In essence, a screen reader transforms a graphic user interface (GUI) into an audio interface;
• Screen readers are essential for computer users who are blind
Source: microsoft.com
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Several Screen Readers & Text-to-Speech Applications
• Balabolka link (Windows) 40$• JAWS link (Windows) 895$• NVDA link (Windows) Free• Kurzweil1000 and 3000 link (Windows, Mac)
995$-1395$• Windows narrator, free with OS• Mac OS VoiceOver, free with OS• List of other resources link
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Speech Recognition
• Speech recognition or voice recognition programs, allow people to give commands and enter data using their voices rather than a mouse or keyboard;
• Voice recognition systems use a microphone attached to the computer, which can be used to create text documents such as letters or e-mail messages, browse the Internet, and navigate among applications and menus by voiceSource: microsoft.com
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Dragon Speech Recognition Software
Video: youtube.com
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Siri, Cortana, Voice Assistant
Image source: mashable.com
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Text-to-Speech (TTS)
• Text-to-Speech (TTS) or speech synthesizers receive information going to the screen in the form of letters, numbers, and punctuation marks, and then "speak" it out loud in a computerized voice;
• Using speech synthesizers allows computer users who are blind or who have learning difficulties to hear what they are typing and also provide a spoken voice for individuals who can not communicate orally, but can communicate their thoughts through typingSource: microsoft.com
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Stephen Hawking
Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous people using speech synthesis to communicate
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Overview of a Typical TTS System
Image source: en.wikipedia.org
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Talking and Large-Print Word Processors
• Talking and large-print word processors are software programs that use speech synthesizers to provide auditory feedback of what is typed;
• Large-print word processors allow the user to view everything in large text without added screen enlargement
Source: microsoft.com
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Talking Word Processor
http://www.enablemart.com/talking-word-processor
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TTY/TDD conversion modems
• TTY/TDD (TeleTYpewriter/Telecommunications Device for the Deaf) conversion modems are connected between computers and telephones to allow an individual to type a message on a computer and send it to a TTY/TDD telephone or other Baudot code equipped device.
Source: microsoft.com
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Telecommunications Device for the Deaf
Image Source: en.wikipedia.org
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4. ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT OS
Overview
Web Accessibility Workshop
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Windows 7 Ease of Access Center
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Windows Magnifier
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On-Screen Keyboard
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Windows Narrator
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Display
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Zoom
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
VoiceOver
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Captions
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Choice of Captions in Application
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Keyboard
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Mouse and Trackpad
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
Switch control (Demo and Exercise)
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• Open TextEdit• Enable Switch control• Write text: Hello World! :)
Exercise
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Mac OS Accessibility Preferences
VoiceOver
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VoiceOver Demo
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Vision
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Hearing
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Learning, Physical & Motor
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Zoom
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Invert Colors
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Speak Selection
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Assistive Touch
Demo on youtube.com
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Mobile Safari Accessibility
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6. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT 3
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Screen Readers Testing (a)
• To better understand a goal of the task please read an article Testing with Screen Readers here: http://webaim.org/articles/screenreader_testing/
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Screen Readers Testing (b)
• Implement the Screen Reader activity described in one of the three exercises on your choice and platform availability:
• Using JAWS to Evaluate Web Accessibility (link) if you use Windows; or
• Using NVDA to Evaluate Web Accessibility (link) if you use Windows; or
• Using VoiceOver to Evaluate Web Accessibility (link) if you use Mac OS
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Screen Readers Testing (c)• Each activity contains of a guide, tasks and three samples for Screen Reader :
1. Sample page with images;2. Sample page with tables;3. Sample page with forms.
• NB! Links to all three samples are included into the descriptions of the activities! Please follow the links provided above!
• Reflect your experience in a report – what was difficult for you? How long time you spent on these tasks? What developer should know about assistive technology?
• Upload your report to Google Drive folder