web 3.0 explained with a stamp (pt ii: techniques)
DESCRIPTION
What really means web 3.0, or: the semantic web? With this second presentation I explain the meaning of web 3.0 by an example of a stamp collection. This presentation is a translation of a Dutch version made earlier. For more detailed information in Dutch you can have a look at BijlBrand.nlTRANSCRIPT
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IIWeb 3.0explained with a stamp(English version)
Part I: the basics
Part II: techniques
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A presentation from: Freek Bijl(Dutch) blog: Bijlbrand.nl
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Web 3.0 - the semantic web - is about the meaning of data.
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This is a stamp
This stamp is from the United Kingdom
This stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore
In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent
Now it’s worth 3 euros
This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981
The picture on the stamp is a PO Box
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Why do we want to add meaning to
data ?
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When a computer understands what data
means, it can do intelligent search,
reasoning and combining.
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This makes our live more easy.
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The next technologies are used to make a
more semantic web…
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RDF XML URI SPARQL XDI XRI SWRL XFN OWL
API OAUTH
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!Complicated
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An explanation with a stamp collection.
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Meaning is about understanding. To
understand we need a language. A language
starts with words.
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Things mean something in words. Online, we describe things with
XML.
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This is my stamp collection
The first stamp is called “Red dragon” and is from China. It was made in the year: 1984.
The second stamp is called “PO Box” and is from England. It was made in the year: 1992.< .. etc >
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=
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><collection name=”My stamp collection"> <stamp> <title>Red dragon</title> <country>China</country> <year>1984</year> </stamp> <stamp> <title>PO Box</title> <country>England</country> <year>1992</year> </stamp></collection>
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We can’t understand words alone. We also need
grammar. Online grammar is RDF (Resource
Description Framework).
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This stamp is from England.
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This stamp is from England.subject
predicate
object
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With RDF Scheme we can define
concepts and make simple relations between them.
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This stamp is from England,
hence from Europe.
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But, RDF scheme is limited. A language needs more
expression and logic to make good reasoning possible.
That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was
invented.
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Finally, to reason you need rules.
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I got this stamp from my uncle.
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The rule for calling someone my uncle is that one of my parents has a brother.
mother or fatherIson of brother
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Rules are formulated in SWRL (Semantic
Web Rule Language).
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<ruleml:imp> <ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#example1"/> <ruleml:_body> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasParent"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasBrother"> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_body> <ruleml:_head> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasUncle"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_head> </ruleml:imp>
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So,
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Words in XMLGrammar in RDF (scheme) and OWLRules in SWRL
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There are a lot of things, that can be
described using standard formats.
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For example: contact information.
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These things are described with microformats.
hCard > contactshCalendar > eventshReview > reviewshResume > resumesXFN > social networks (relation= a friend or
colleague)
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Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp.
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“I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but
used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990”
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We can use SPARQL (Protocol
and RDF Query Language).
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Because the web is decentralized and data is in many places, not only language is important.
Exchange of data between different machines is key.
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A database with stampsA database with countriesA database with colorsA database with stamp traders
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To make a connection a machine needs a source. For this, we use resource identifiers. Best known
resource identifier is the URI (which consists of a name (urn) and a
location (url)).
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Because URI’s have international limitations and the need for data-exchange
between machines is rapidly growing there is a successor:
XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier)
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There is a standard for sharing, linking and synchronizing data.
This standard is called XDI (XRI Data Interchange).
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With all this I am capable of using the power of all different data resources on the
web.
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But…
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Data is protected. We need consent and a key to gain acces.
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The key to certain data is described in an API (an
application programming interface).
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An open standard for accessing (authentication)
the API is OAuth.
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So,
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RDF XML URI SPARQL XDI XRI SWRL XFN OWL
API OAUTH
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… are now words with a meaning for you !
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.end
My (Dutch) blog: http://www.bijlbrand.nl
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Most important references:
• http://en.wikipedia.org/• Presentation JeenBroekstra (Wageningen UR)