web 2.0 basics - lecture 06 - web information systems (4011474fnr)

2 December 2005

Web Information SystemsWeb 2.0 Basics

Prof. Beat Signer

Department of Computer Science

Vrije Universiteit Brussel

http://www.beatsigner.com

http://www.beatsigner.com/

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - [email protected] 2November 7, 2014

Web 2.0

The term Web 2.0 wasintroduced by Tim O'Reillyat the Web 2.0 conferencein 2004 to describe a newgeneration of web apps user-generated content

data as a driving force

- infoware rather than simply software

collective intelligence via social resource and knowledge sharing

the Web as a platform for software applications

Not a new technology but a change in how developers

and users build applications on the Web user-generated content already existed earlier (e.g. Amazon)

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Web_2.0_Map.svg]


Main Web 2.0 Ingredients

Social Web end user as a participant and content creator

democracy

Rich Internet Applications (RIAs) bring the desktop to the browser

highly interactive applications (e.g. with drag and drop)

based on AJAX, Flash, etc.

Service Oriented Architectures (SOAs) enable the sharing of information and services between different

Web 2.0 applications

Web Services, RSS, mashups, etc.


Web 2.0 Interaction

Service-oriented

Architecture (SOA)

information access

content creation

user-to-user

interaction

Web

collective intelligence


Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0

Web 1.0 Web 2.0

publishing participation

reading reading and writing (participatory Web)

content management systems wikis

personal homepages blogs

simple request/response interaction Rich Internet Application (RIA)

screen scraping (extract data from HTML) service-oriented architectures

taxonomies (classification) folksonomies (tagging)

companies communities

single user social networks

bookmarking collaborative tagging / social bookmarking

... ...


Web 2.0 and the Long Tail

The term long tail has

been introduced by Chris

Anderson in 2004 article about Amazon etc.

- 'Touching the Void' and

'Into Thin Air' example

Main observations the tail is longer than expected and now economically within reach

the niches form a significant market when aggregated

new economic model: combine infinite shelf space with shared real-time public opinions and buying trends

Major part of Internet content made up by small sites provide tools to address the long tail and not just the head

Joe Simpson, 1988 Jon Krakauer, 1997


Video: The Machine is Us/ing Us


Web 2.0 Examples

Wikis

Blogs

Media sharing sites

Folksonomies

Social networking sites

Web-based communities

Mashups

Web applications

...


Wikis

The first wiki was the

WikiWikiWeb in 1995 Ward Cunningham

inspired by HyperCard

Any user can create new

wiki pages or edit existing

pages no special software required on the client side (only a browser)

Democracy-based control of the content revision history, discussion, ...

Various wiki software MediaWiki, DokuWiki, ...


Wikipedia

Open authoring model registered and anonymous

users may contribute

some users (editors) have special rights

Each article has a history page showing

all of its changes

a discussion page

Issues reliability not guaranteed since no central authority

vandalism

...


Blogs

A blog (weblog) is a

chronologically ordered

list of information personal diary

specific subjects

- e.g. celebrities

Tool for delivering news

and getting in touch with a large community of users nowadays often used as a powerful channel in politics

much harder to control than print or broadcasting media

Popular blogs often generate revenue by advertising access to content is often free


Technorati

Blog search engine indexes over 100 million

blogs

Use tags to classify blogs

Ranking based on a

blog's authority number of inlinks from other

blogs

similar to search algorithms descibed later


Flickr

Image hosting and sharing

website

Image repository that is

often used by bloggers

Managing images collaborative tagging

- user-generated taxonomy (folksonomy)

- one of the first websites that implemented tag clouds

grouping in sets, collections and higher order collections

- note that an image may be added to multiple sets

Offers a powerful Web Service API can easily be integrated with third-party applications


Folksonomies

Folksonomy = 'folk' +

'taxonomy' user-generated taxonomy

Social tagging collaboratively creating and

managing tags

bottom up approach

- no fixed terminology

Applications Annotea: shared Web annotations and bookmarks

Delicious: social bookmarking web service

Tag cloud visualisation


YouTube

Video hosting and sharing

website

Social impact YouTube Internet celebrities

Copyright issues material from TV shows etc.

many broadcasting companiesuse YouTube as new channel

Content can easily be embedded in external websites blogs, social networking sites, ...

Acquired by Google in 2006


Last.fm

Internet streaming radio

User profile based on

music listened to on

Last.fm and other devices

Audioscrobbler music

recommender system based on collaborative filterling algorithm

find songs in the "neighbourhood" basedon other users with similar tastes


Facebook

Social networking site

Connect to friends and

share information info about current status

post messages on a user'spublic wall

send individual messages

share photos

Easy to add individual applications

Copyright issues what happens with content that has been uploaded to Facebook?

Privacy issues


Twitter

Micro-blogging and social

networking service

Small messages (tweets)

can be posted to a user

profile often added via SMS

reach millions of users fromany place around the worldwithin seconds

- used in protests and politics, emergencies, ...

Can we get too connected?


Second Life

Virtual 3-dimensional

world by Linden Lab special client software

User represented by

an avatar

Linden dollar (L$) as a

currency buy land

buy and sell goods and services to other users

Applications education, business meetings, arts, ...


Academia.edu

Social networking website

for researchers

Sharing and rating of

resources research papers, conference

presentations, CVs, etc.

Find researchers with similar research interests

Other professional social networking websites LinkedIn, Xing, ...

How to deal with profile information on different sites? open standards for social networking


SlideShare

Social networking website

to share presentations

High quality educational

material

Various APIs for inte-

gration with other social

networking websites

Content may spread virally through social networks

and blogs


myExperiment

Collaborative environment

for scientists

Safely publish workflow

plans and share them with

other scientists

Reuse and repurpose

workflows avoid to reinvent the wheel

get credits for workflows

...


Delicious

Social bookmarking

service store bookmarks and access

them from different browsers

share and discover book-marks

Non-hierarchical classi-

fication based on tags

Offers various APIs to access the bookmarks


Mashups

A mashup composes

information and services

from external sources and

offers them as part of a

new service

Various mashup tools Yahoo Pipes, ...

Mashup example composition of Google Maps and realtime information about the

position of airplanes

- http://www.flightradar24.com


Google Docs

Free web-based office

tools word processor, spreadsheet

application, ...

Mobile access via mobile

phone

Software as a service (SaaS)

Data safety and privacy issues


Google AdSense

Highly customised delivery

of advertisements shows advertisements delive-

red via Google AdWords

New models for payment pay-per-click in addition to

pay-per-impression

Any website owner can enroll sometimes very complementary information

- e.g. blog with reviews about specific products together with Google

advertisements for these products


Video: The Kindness of Strangers


Social Implications of Web 2.0

Data ownership and copyright issues

Collective intelligence (wisdom of crowds)

Shift of power from controlled media to

collaborative communities

New models for crediting an individual's

content that is accessed by other users or

composed in mashup applications

Everybody has a (big) voice e.g. reach millions of users within seconds via Twitter


Common Web 2.0 Patterns

The presented Web 2.0 applications have some common

underlying patterns which are going to be discussed in

the next lecture service oriented architectures (SOAs)

software as a service

asynchronous partial updates

- Rich Internet Applications (RIAs)

mashups

self-organising communities

collaborative tagging

viral marketing

...


Exercise 6

Web Services


References

James Governor et al., Web 2.0 Architectures,

O'Reilly Media, May 2009

Chris Anderson, The Long Tail, Wired 12(10), 2004 http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html

Michael Wesch, The Machine is Us/ing Us http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NLlGopyXT_g

Jonathan Zittrain, The Kindness of Strangers,

TEDGlobal 2009, Oxford, UK, July 2009 http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/eng/jonathan_zittrain_the_web_is_a_random_act_of_kindness.html

Live Flight Tracker http://www.flightradar24.com


References

James Surowiecki, The Wisdom of Crowds,

Anchor, August 2005

2 December 2005

Next LectureWeb 2.0 Patterns and Technologies

web 2.0 basics - lecture 06 - web information systems (4011474fnr)

Education

computer science

beat signer department

main web

term web

applications web services

web usergenerated content

web information systemsweb

powerful web service