Weathering, Soil, and Mass Wasting

Chapter 4:Guided Notes

1. Print out in note form with 3 or 4 to a page. Do this by downloading PowerPoint, opening it, clicking on File, clicking on Print, clicking on Print What Handouts 3 to a page or 4 to a page (on a mac first click on

pull down menu that gives option of powerpoint )2. Use to guide your notes as you read, fill in and answer questions and

add your own notes in the margins

Earth's external processes

Weathering – ____________________

__________________________Mass wasting – the transfer of rock

material downslope under the influence of gravity

Erosion – the incorporation and trans-portation of material by _____________________________

Weathering

Two kinds of weathering • Mechanical weathering

• definition _____________________• Processes of mechanical weathering

• ________ wedging:

• Unloading:• ____________ activity:

Explain this process

Figure 4.3

Explain this process

Figure 4.4 B

Weathering

Two kinds of weathering • Chemical weathering

• Definition: ________________________________________________________ • Most important agent is___________

• Oxygen dissolved in water __________materials • Carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolved in water forms

_____________and alters the material

Weathering

Two kinds of weathering • Chemical weathering

• Weathering of granite• Weathering of potassium feldspar

produces_____________, soluble salt (potassium bicarbonate), and silica in solution

• _________remains substantially unaltered• Weathering of silicate minerals produces insoluble iron

oxides and clay minerals

Rates of weathering

Advanced mechanical weathering aids chemical weathering by________ ______________________

Important factors • Rock characteristics

• Mineral composition and solubility, as solubility increases, rate of weathering _______________

• Physical features such as joints: as jointing increases, rate of weathering _________

Explain

Figure 4.2

Rates of weathering

Important factors • Climate

• ___________ and __________are the most crucial factors • Chemical weathering is most effective in areas

of____________________• Mechanical weathering is most effective in areas of

______________________

Rates of weathering

Differential weathering • Caused by variations

in___________________• Creates unusual and spectacular

___________________________________ for example: ________________

Explain this picture in terms of weathering

Figure 4.7 A

Soil

An interface in the Earth system: explain:

Soil is a combination of ______________,

______________, _______________, &_______________

What is this a pie chart of?

Figure 4.12

Soil

Soil texture and structure • Texture refers to the proportions of different particle

sizes • Sand (large size) • Silt

• ________(a mixture of all three sizes) is best suited for plant life

What is the name of a soil with 30% clay, 40% sand, 30% Silt?

Figure 4.13