weathering and soil formation chapter the big idea chapter outline natural forces break rocks apart...
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Weathering and Soil Formation
CHAPTER
the BIG ideathe BIG idea
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Natural forces break rocks apart and form soil, which supports life.
Mechanical and chemical forces break down rocks.4.14.1
Weathering and organic processes form soil.4.24.2
Human activities affect soil.4.34.3
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4.14.1
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
Mechanical and chemical forces break down rocks.
mechanical weathering
weathering
exfoliation
abrasion
chemical weathering
Over time, mechanical weathering breaks a rock into smaller pieces.
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4.14.1
SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE
Mechanical and chemical forces break down rocks.
mechanical weathering
weathering
exfoliation
abrasion
chemical weathering
Chemical weathering affects exposed rock surfaces
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VISUALIZATION
Watch chemical weathering in action.
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Weathering and organic processes form soil.4.24.2
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
soil horizon
humus
soil profile
Soil has measurable properties, such as color, texture, pore space, and chemistry.
Plants, microorganisms, and animals affect soil characteristics.
Soil is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air.
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Weathering and organic processes form soil.4.24.2
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
soil horizon
humus
soil profile
Soil has measurable properties, such as color, texture, pore space, and chemistry.
VISUALIZATION
Learn how materials break down and contribute to soil buildup over time.
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4.34.3
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
Human activities affect soil.
desertificationSoil is essential to life and takes a long time to form. It is difficult or impossible to replace soil that has been lost.
Farming, construction and development, and mining are three human activities that affect soil.
Soil Loss
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4.34.3
SECTIONOUTLINESECTIONOUTLINE
Human activities affect soil.
desertificationSoil is essential to life and takes a long time to form. It is difficult or impossible to replace soil that has been lost.
Soil conservation practices help keep soil from blowing or washing away.
Soil Conservation
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KEY CONCEPT CHAPTER HOME
I. Mechanical and chemical forces break down rocks.
A. Weathering breaks rocks into smaller pieces.
B. Mechanical weathering produces physical changes in rocks.
4.14.1
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
Mechanical and chemical forces break down rocks.
1. Dissolving
C. Chemical weathering changes the mineral composition of rocks.
2. Rusting
D. Weathering occurs at different rates.
mechanical weathering
weathering
exfoliation
abrasion
chemical weathering
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II. Weathering and organic processes form soil.
B. Climate and landforms affect soil.
4.24.2
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
A. Soil is a mixture of weathered rock particles and other materials.
Weathering and organic processes form soil.
soil horizon
humus
soil profile
C. The activities of organisms affect soil.
D. Properties of soil can be observed and measured.
1. Soil Composition
2. Soil Horizons
1. Texture
2. Color
3. Pore Space
4. Chemistry
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III. Human activities affect soil.
A. Soil is a necessary resource.
1. Farming
B. Land-use practices can harm soil.
4.34.3
KEY CONCEPTSUMMARYKEY CONCEPTSUMMARY
Human activities affect soil.
2. Construction and Development
C. Soil can be protected and conserved.
desertification
3. Mining
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