WEATHER RADAR NETWORKING

This seminar on COST project no . 73 has been organised by the Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General ' Science, Research and Development' and held at the Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities, Brussels, from 5 to 8 September 1989.

Description and brief explanation of the composite COST ima~e on the cover

(source : Meteorological Office - Bracknell - UK) 10 April 1989 - 2 . 00 A.M.

Each coloured square or "pixel" represents a surface area of approximately Skm x Skm = 25 km2 .

The light and dark blue areas represents cloud top temperatures derived from a METEOSAT satellite infra-red image .

The other colours : pink , green, yellow, red and black specify the surface rainfall intensity measured by radar in millimetres per hour (mm/h).

3

30 mm/h < intensity

10 < intensity < 30 mm/h

3 < intensity < 10 mm/h

0.3 Mt'llh

1 < intensity < 3 mm/h

0,3 < intensity < Imm/h

high level cloud temperature < -45° c

medium level cloud -45°c < temperature < _15° c

The image shows a depression over the English Channel moving North East. The associated warm and cold fronts are producing a broad band of cloud with patchy rain over much of Western Europe . Simultaneously, an active eastward moving bent back occlusion is producing a narrow band of heavy precipitation from South West England to the West coast of France.

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Weather Radar Networking

Seminar on COST Project 73

Edited by

C.G.COLLIER Chairman of COST 73,

Meteorological Office, Bracknell, UK.

and

M. CHAPUIS Commission of the European Communities,

Directorate-General Science, Research and Development, Brussels, Belgium

KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON

ISBN-13:978-94-010-6735-5 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-0551-1 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-0551-1

Publication arrangements by Commission of the European Communities Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation, Scientific and Technical Communications Unit, Luxembourg

EUR 12414 EN-FR © 1990 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, Brussels and Luxembourg Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990

Document EUCO-COST 73/52190

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PREFACE

Meteorology is by nature a multidisciplinary and transnational subject and COST cooperation has proved to be a flexible and suitable framework at European level for meteorological activities such as the standardisation of observation techniques and harmonised transmission of meteorological data.

Although meteorology is not covered by a specific Community programme as such, various Community actions dealing with meteorology are now included in the EEC research programme on climatology (the "EPOCH" programme - 1989-92) concerning particularly the study of mechanisms of extreme and sudden meteorological events, in order to predict catastrophies and consequently to reduce human and material losses.

In the context of COST cooperation, which is supported by the Commission of the European Communities, the COST 73 project (1986-1991) associates 16 countries in Western Europe with the aim of setting up a weather radar network providing real-time measurements of rain, snow or hail precipitations. In this project, radar data are transmitted and combined if appropriate with satellite data - in one or more "compositing centres" of the participating countries, in order to improve weather forecasting.

Together with the COST 73 Management Committee, the Commission of the European Communities organized a seminar on this matter, in Brussels on 5-8 September 1989, at the half-way stage of the project.

This seminar was an opportunity to review what has been achieved recently in Europe, but also in other parts of the world where this research is carried out (Eastern Europe, United States, Canada, Japan as well as in some developing countries). Nearly 60 papers - included in these proceedings - were presented and discussed during the six sessions of the seminar : radar networking programmes, the role of reflectivity base techniques and of other new techniques in operational radar networks, combining radar, satellite and conventional meteorological data, meteorology, hydrology and other applications of weather radar data.

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P. FASELLA Director General "Science, Research and Development"

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ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Chairman: C.G. COLLIER (UK)

Members: B. BERINGUER (F) M. CHAPUIS (CEC) D. NEWSOME (UK) F.P. SCHEINS (CEC) R. SORANI (I) A. VAN GYSEGEM (B) H. WESSELS (NL)

HONORARY COMMITTEE

Mr. F.M. PANDOLFI, Vice-President of the Commission of the European Communities.

Mr. H. SCHILTZ,

Mr. P. CHEVALIER,

Mr. A. MAS PRONE ,

Mr. G.O.P. OBASI,

Mr. H. BROUHON,

Mr. H. MALCORPS,

ERICSSON, (S) PLESSEY, (UK) SMA, (1) DATAMAT, (I)

Belgian Minister for Science Policy.

Belgian State Secretary for Science Policy.

President of the Economic and Social Committee of the European Communities.

Secretary-General of the World Meteorological Organization.

Mayor of Brussels.

Director of the Belgian Royal Meteorological Institute.

SPONSORS

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CONTENTS

Preface V Prof P. FASELLA, Director General "Science, Research and Development", Commission of the European Communities, Brussels

OPENING SESSION

Speech of Welcome 3 A. MAS PRONE , President of the Economic and Social Committee, European Communities

Introductory Statement G.O.P. OBASI, Secretary-General Meteorological Organization

SESSION 1 - RADAR NETWORKING PROGRAMMES

of the World

Chairman : J. JOSS, Swiss Meteorological Institute, Locarno Monti, Switzerland

5

COST-73 : The Development of a Weather Radar Network in Western 11 Europe (Keynote paper)

C.G. COLLIER, Chairman COST-73 Management Committee Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

The Prospects and Promise of NEXRAD : 1990's and beyond (Keynote 26 paper)

J .H. GOLDEN, National Weather Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, United States of America

Radar networking in Eastern Europe (Keynote paper) 46 D. PODHORSKY, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

A Nordic Weather Radar Network 55 S. OVERGAARD, The Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

The Sao Paulo Weather radar network program 65 R. V . CALHEIROS, Meteorological Research Insti tute, University of the State of Sao Paulo and Institute for Space Research, Secretary of Science and Technology, Bauru, Brazil

The unified meteorological meteorological subsystem

L. LIETAVA, J. Hydrometeorological Czechoslovakia

radar m,twork of CSSR and central 76

NEMEC, D. PODHORSKY, Slovak Institute, Bratislava,

Une revue du programme ARAHIS 80 J.L. CHEZE, Direction de la Meteorologie, S.E.T.I.M., Trappes, France

The Weather radar network of the Deu~scher Wetterdienst Progress 86 Report

J. RIEDL, Deutscher Wetterdienst Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeis-senberg, Federal Republic of Germany

Operational experiences with the Finnish Weather radar network 91 R.H. KING, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Attempts in Hungary for automation of Weather radar observations 101 F. DOMBAI, A. KAPOVITS, Central Institute for Weather Forecasting, Buoapest, Hungary ; L. ILLES, Upper-Tisza Valley District Authority of the Environment and Water Management Nyiregyhaza, Hungary

Overview of national and regional radar meteorological activities 111 in Italy

R. SORANI and E. DIETRICH, Italian Meteorological Service, Roma, Italy

Overview of radar networking by HOC, Japan and its data 126 dissemination system (FRICS)

F. YOSHINO, P.W.R.I., MOC; K. ICHIMIYA, Economic Affairs Bureau, MOC; Y. KANBAYASHI, Dept. of Planning, FRICS; T. YAMAGUCHI, Dept. of Research, FRICS; N. SHIRAKAWA, Dept. of Planning, FRICS, Japan

Composite radar and satellite data processing in the 136 meteorological system in Spain (A brief description of SIRAK project)

T. NEVADO, Responsible of the SIRAM Project (Sistema Integrado de Radares Meteorologicos), ISEL S .A. , Madrid, Spain

The United Kingdom weather radar network 147 C.A. FAIR, P.K.JAMES and P.LARKE, Operational Instrumentation Branch, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

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Composite weather radar displays 155 R.L. DURAND, Technology ::;ervice Corporation, Santa Monica, United States of America

ATC radar data networking in the Benelux and Northern Germany 163 H.J. BATZER, Bundesantalt fOr Flugsicherung; J. C. SHULSTAD, the Mitre Corporation, Federal Republic of Germany

Weather radar networking: computing ,rersus communications 171 R.E. PASSARELLI, SIGMET, Inc., Westford, Massachusetts, United States of America

Transmission and visualisation techniques for a remote weather 184 radar display

R. HEYLEN and M. VAN LOEY, Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels, BelgiUffi

SESSION 2 - THE ROLE OF REFLECTIVITY-BASED TECHNIQUES IN OPERATIONAL RADAR NETIiORKS

Chairman C.G. COLLIER, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

Ways of using and correcting for errors in conventional radar 190 reflectivity data (Keynote paper)

J. JOSS, Swiss Meteorologi.cal Institute Osservatorio Ticinese, Locarno Monti, Switzerland

Review of the telecommunications work of COST 73 project (Keynote 200 paper)

B. BERINGUER, Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale, Service des Equipements et des Techniques Instrumentales de la Meteorologie, Trappes, France

Estimation of the areal coverage of radars and radar networks 204 from radar site horizon data

H.R.A. WESSELS, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands

An operational system for display and analysis of 212 hydrometeorological radar data

J. BIOUCAS DIAS, J. CUNHA SANGUINO, J. NUNES LEITAO, Centro de Analise e Processamento de Sinais, Complexo I do INIC, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa - Portugal; M. ROSA DIAS, Instituto Hacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica, Lisboa, Portugal

Castor project improved processing of radar data in France 217 B. BERINGUER, J.L. MARIDET, Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale, Service des Equipements et Techniques Instrumentales de la Meteorologie, Trappes, France

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Ground clutter reduction during rain measurements by a 228 noncoberent radar system

J . J . VAN GORP, Royal Netherlands Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands

Meteorological

The operational use of a high speed interactive radar data 237 processing system (RDPS) PART 1 : a Technical Description

G. L. AUSTIN, A. KILAMBI, McGill Radar Weather Observatory, Quebec, Canada; H.P. BIRON, Quebec Weather Centre, Environment Canada, Quebec, Canada

Siting of a weatber radar network for operational hail 242 suppression in Greece

N.R. DALEZIOS, Envirotech Ltd., Thessaloniki; N. PAPAMANOLIS, Greek Agricultural Insurance (ELGA), Thessaloniki; P.C. LINARDIS, Dept. of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece

Sur la possibilite de reproduire le facteur de reflectivite pres 248 du sol du champ tridimensionnel radar

SESSION 3

Chairman

S. MOSZKOWICZ, Institut de la Meteorologie et de Gestion des Eaux, Varsovie, POlogne

B.

THE ROLE OF NEW TECHNIQUES IN OPERATIONAL RADAR NETWORKS

BERINGUER, Direction de la Meteorologie Nationale, Trappes. France

New weather radar techniques ready for operational use? 256 (Keynote paper)

W. L. RANDEU. Graz University of Technology, Austria

Canada's operational Doppler radar 278 T.R. NICHOLS, P.I. JOE and C.L. CROZIER, Atmospheric Environment Service, King Weather Research Station, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

A Doppler appliance to MRL-5 286 R. PETROV, Hydrometeorological Service, Bulgaria; D. STOYANOV, A. SAVCHENKO and L. MLADENOV, Institute of Electronics, Bulgaria

Doppler facilities for the UK MET Office 292 P.J. BACON, Plessey Radar Limited, Chessington, United Kingdom

Bright band errors in radar estimates of rainfall 294 Identification and correction using polarization diversity

I. J. CAYLOR, S . E. HOPPER, and A. J . ILLINGWORTH, Dept. of Physics, UMIST, Manchester, United Kingdom; J.W.F. GODDARD, RAL, Chilton, Didcot, United Kingdom

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Rainrate measurements using a circular polarisation-diversity 304 radar

A.R. HOLT and R. McGUINNESS, Department of Mathematics, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom

SESSION 4 - COMBINING RADAR, SATELLITE AND CONVENTIONAL METEOROLOGICAL DATA

Chairman A. VAN GYSEGEM, Royal Meteorological Institute, Brussels, Belgium

~ integrated approach to the display of Doppler radar and other 316 meteorological data (Keynote paper)

T.W. SCHLATTER, Program for Regional Observing and Forecasting Services, NOAA Forecast Systems Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America

Near-real-time precipitation analysis over Europe 330 D. M. GODDARD and B. J . CONWAY, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

Analyses of a mesoscale heavy rain system in the area of Beijiog- 339 Tianjin-Tangshan

XU ZI-XIU and WANG PENG-YUN Academy of Meteorological Science, State Meteorological Administration, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China

Real-time combination of radar and satellite data for very-short 350 period precipitation forecasting

R. BROWN, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom; M. CHENG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China

~ professional meteorological information processing system 358 J. STERANKA and J.C. CHEN, General Sciences Corporation, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America

~utolllating precipitation nowcasts based on satellite and radar 364 illlagery combined with numerical model products.

G SUTTON and B. J . CONWAY, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

SESSION 5 - METEOROLOGICAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER RADAR DATA

Chairman H.R.A. WESSELS, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands

The impact of radar and satellite illlagery in a mesoscale NWP 378 system (Keynote paper)

B. J . WRIGHT and B. W . GOLDING, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

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PROKIS 600 : An operational system for very short range weather 391 forecasting in Sweden

S. NILSSON and J.O. BRUNSBERG, The Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrkoping, Sweden

Radar for electrical studies and storm warnings 401 P.S. RAY, Department of Meteorology, Supercomputer Computations Research Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America

The operational use of a high speed interactive radar data 411 processing system - RDPS; Part II : Application in real time severe thunderstorm detection and fOrE,casting

H.P. BIRON, Centre Meteorologique du Quebec Environnement Canada, Quebec, Canada; G.L. AUSTIN and A. KILAlfBI, McGill Radar Weather Observatory, Quebec, Canada

Determination of cloud field evolution by the method of 417 correspondence between radar reflectivity isosurfaces

D. PODHORSKY and L. VLCAK, Slovak Hydro-meteorological Institute, Bratislava, Czechoslovakia

Comparison of radar precipitation measurements with a dense 426 network of daily raingauges - Applicat:ions to radar networking

SESSION 6

Chairman

J . L. BROWNS COMBE and B. D. HEMS, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

HYDROLOGICAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER RADAR DATA

R. SORANI, Italian National Meteorological Service, Rome, Italy

Practical applications of weather radar data in Europe (Keynote 437 paper)

D. H. NEWSOME, CNS Scientific & Engineering Services, Reading, United Kingdom

Real-time forecasting: Kodel structure and data resolution 449 I. D. CLUCKIE, P.S. YU, K.A. TILFORD, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salford, United Kingdom

On the usefulness of weather radar da-ta in real-time hydrological 462 forecasting in Belgium

F.P. DE TROCH P.A. TROCH and D. VAN ERDEGHEM, Laboratory of Hydrology, State University Ghent, Belgium; J. HEYNDERICKX Service for Hydrological Research, Ministry of Public Works, Brussels, Belgium

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A radar reflectivity-runoff model for use in flood warning 471 L.R. TROVATI, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, UNESP, Sao Paulo, Brasil; A. MATTOS, Escola de Engenharia de Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brasil

The impact of weather radar on aspects of operational management 483 in the Thames region

P.F. BORROWS and C.M. HAGGETT, National Rivers Authority, Thames Region, Reading, United Kingdom

Feasibility studies on the use of the French "ARAMIS" radar 492 network for hydrologic applications

H. ANDRIEU, Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees, Bouguenais, France; J.D. CREUTIN, G. DELRIEU, Institut de Mecanique de Grenoble, France; T. DENOEUX, CERGRENE, La Courtine, France; G. JACQUET, RHEA, Champs sur Marne, France

Radar data for hydrological users 49, G. JACQUET, RHEA, Champs :mr Marne, Marne la Vallee, France; J. L. CHEZE, SETIM, Meteorologie Nationale, Trappes, France

Urban hydrology and hail detection experiments made with a 5lt. raingauge-hailpad network and with a dual polarization radar

Y. POINTIN, J. FOURNET-FAYARD and M. MESSAOUD; LAMP/OPGC, Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand, France D. HUSSON, GNEFA, Grou?ement National d'Etude des Fleaux Atmospheriques, Aubiere, France

Radar estimation of areal rainfall in Switzerland - the GENIRA 52l, Project

F. de MONTMOLLIN, B. SCHADLER, Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey, Bern, Switzerland

Agricultural use of weather radar data in Emilia-Romagna Italy 53? G. LENZI, S. NANNI and A. SALSI, Servizio Meteorologico Regionale, E.R.S.A. Bologna. Italy

Nowcasting for agriculture with the Sao Paulo radar network 531: R.V. CALHEIROS and M. de A. ANTONIO, Meteorological Research Institute. University of the State of Sao Paulo and Institute for Space Research. Secretary of Science and Technology, Brasil

The distribution of weather radar images to agricultural end 545 users

S. OVERGAARD and E. WI ENBERG . Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

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The use of weather radar data in road weather services : present 557 and future needs

E. NYSTEN and R.H. KING, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

Some Concluding Remarks 566 C.G. COLLIER, Chairman COST 73, Meteorological Office, Bracknell, United Kingdom

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 569

INDEX OF AUTHORS 579

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