WEATHER MONITORING & FORECASTING

By: Michelle PhillipDate: Wednesday, March-31-10

1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page

Introduction 3

Early History 4

Inventions 5-7

Towards Numerical Prediction

8-9

Benefits 10

Summary 11

References 12

Weather Monitoring and forecasting is the application between Science and Technology, to predict the state of the Atmosphere for

the future time and given locations. Which began with Civilizations using reoccurring Astronomical and Meteorological

to help monitor change in the weather.

INTRODUCTION

EARLY HISTORYFrom since around the 650 BC the Babylonians tried to predict short term weather changes which was based on the appearance of clouds and haloes.

By the 300 BC Chinese astronomers had developed a , each was one was known as different type of weather.

Around the 340 BC the Greek philosopher came up the theories about the formation of Rain, Clouds, Hail, Wind, Thunder, Lightening and Hurricanes. Which was considered for almost 2000 years.

2.

INVENTIONS

Nicholas Cusa of Germany designed a instrument to measure Humidity of the air

Galileo Galilei of Italy invented the Thermometer in the mid fifteenth century

Evangelista Torricelli of Italy invented the Barometer for measuring

Atmospheric pressure in 1643

Mid ninth centuries the telegraph was invented

From the 1860s Weather observing station began appearing all across the Globe

Radiosonde was invented in 1920

RADIOSONDEThis Instrument help justify data. It was known as small light weight boxes equipped with weather instruments and radio transmitters. It was sent up high into the atmosphere by a hydrogen or helium-filled balloon, to transmit temperature, moisture and pressure data known

as sounding back and forth from the station.

Helium-filled balloon 1st Helium balloon being released

3. 4.

Radiosonde Box

5.

TOWARD NUMERICAL PREDICTION

Mathematician Vilhelm Bjerknes and Lewis Fry Richardson both were the first men whom work to

produce a formula to predict the Weather.

RICHARDSON METHODRichardson method fail

Invention of the Computer

A team of Meteorologist Mathematician came up with the idea to use the computer to help towards a more practical numerical Weather Forecast

Juke Charney determine where Richardson had went wrong

By April 1950 Charney and his group made successful 24 hour forecast over North America

6.

Check long term and short term weather, at almost anywhere and anytime

Dress suitable for the weather/season Know when flights are being cancelled a head

of time Track Hurricanes Know when to Evacuate from a area when

needed

BENEFITS

SUMMARY

In conclusion since 650 BC Astronomers, Mathematicians, Meteorologist and inventers have been trying to study how the weather work

Later the Telegraph and Computer was invented Mathematicians' Vilhelm Bjerknes & Lewis Fry

Richardson worked to create a formula but failed Around April 1950 a group of student re-edited

Richardson numerical formula, it was successful Since then the Weather forecast is shown numerical in

almost any part of the world

REFERENCES•United States. NASA. EOS Project Science Office. Weather Forecasting Through The Ages. By Steve Graham, Claire Parkinson, and Mous Chahine. Web. <http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/WxForecasting/wx.php>.

1. http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://www.astro.fit.edu/sara-reu/reu05/REU%2520site/astropics%2520used/NASA_logo.gif&imgrefurl=http://astro.fit.edu/sara-reu/reu05/REU%2520site/web%2520pages/LINKSPAGE.htm&usg=__xUsI12JcQGX1T55IHj6LmLqm7dY=&h=270&w=340&sz=8&hl=en&start=7&sig2=JFQinHSGIfh0lRSg8N5D6g&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Mff6upN96Oex1M:&tbnh=95&tbnw=119&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnasa%2Blogo%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26safe%3Dactive%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=1HWzS-zhNYS0lQfjr5m5BA

2. http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/thumb_167/1185124801r86DaP.jpg

3. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/Radiosonde-wx-balloon.jpg

4. http://images.google.ca/imgres?imgurl=http://i487.photobucket.com/albums/rr232/ufor/radiosonde1936a.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dailykos.com/story/2009/5/16/729748/-Saturday-Night-Uforia:-Anatomy-of-an-Explanation,-Balloons-and-Aircraft-(Part-3)&usg=__7MA1KFjCpAYP-5X-25PYM5fgfwY=&h=669&w=500&sz=60&hl=en&start=64&sig2=uUJDDXKrSaXdu_PF5UIyAw&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=p446bV2zRIeF1M:&tbnh=138&tbnw=103&prev=/images?q%3Dradiosonde%26start%3D54%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1R2ADFA_enCA338%26ndsp%3D18%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=ouCwS4D-DcH-8AajxPjcCQ

5. http://www.pecindia.com/images/thumbs/graw-radiosonde2_scan.gif

6. http://climateprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/bams-cooling.jpg

Are there any questions?

THANK YOU