we have provided water reuse planning and design … of yuma, arizona - jackrabbit mesa water...

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Carollo is a recognized leader in the development, design, and construction of water recycling projects throughout the U.S. We have provided engineering services for more than 200 reclamation and reuse projects and served agencies currently using more than 30 billion gallons of reclaimed water each year. Much of our experience has been in the planning and design of facilities to meet various state regulatory requirements for disinfected tertiary unrestricted reuse. We have conducted planning and design efforts for small and large facilities as well as coastal and in-land communities across the country.

Carollo has also conducted nearly a dozen research projects for the national WateReuse Research Foundation (WRF). These research projects address a wide range of issues, including aquifer storage and recovery, pathogen inactivation, concentrate disposal, and filtration and disinfection compliance through soil aquifer treatment. Research tasks include literature surveys, policy and social science review, microbiology evaluations, chemistry and groundwater recharge studies, and treatment technology assessments.

Carollo has conducted third-party technology validations for more than 35 equipment models for 15 manufacturers of UV, ozone, pasteurization, plasma technologies, and filtration technologies. We are not only trusted by public agencies as a leader in reclaimed water but highly respected by regulators as well.

Our experience spans water reuse for a variety of purposes, including landscape/golf course irrigation, agricultural irrigation, industrial reuse, wetlands/stream enhancement, groundwater recharge, and water supply augmentation.

We have provided water reuse

planning and design services

for agencies currently using

more than 30 billion gallons of

recycled water each year.

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Representative Projects - Water ReuseClient/ProjectCity of Phoenix, Arizona - 91st Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant Design

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City of San José, California - Nonpotable Reclamation Facility Plan

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Fresno-Clovis Regional Wastewater Reclamation Facility - Water Reuse Study

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City of Riverside, California - Water Quality Control Plant

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City of Provo, Utah - Water Reclamation Facility Design

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Orange County Water District, California - Green Acres Treatment Plant Disinfection and Expansion

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City of Roseville, California - Reclamation Plant Study and Design

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City of Lincoln, Nebraska - Marketability Study for Effluent Reuse at the Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant

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Napa Sanitation District, California - Reclamation Study and Design

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City of Redlands, California - Recycled Water Treatment Facility, Study and Design

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City of Ashland, Oregon - Design of Water Reclamation Facilities

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City of Phoenix, Arizona - Cave Creek Water Reclamation Plant Design

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City of San Clemente, California - Water Reclamation Plant

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City of Petaluma, California - Treatment Plant Study and Design

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El Toro Water District, California - Plant Reconstruction Project

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City of Carson City, Nevada - Reclamation Plant Design

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City of Casa Grande, Arizona - Casa Grande Water Reclamation Plant Phase 1

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Town of Gilbert, Arizona - Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch

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City of Peoria, Arizona - Beardsley Road Wastewater Treatment Plant Design, Phases 1, 2, 3

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Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District, California - Reclamation Water Master Plan/Design

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City of Yuma, Arizona - Jackrabbit Mesa Water Reclamation Plant

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City of Daly City, California - Preliminary/Final Reclamation Design

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Fountain Hills Sanitation District, Arizona - Wastewater Treatment Plant Modifications

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Heber Valley, Utah - Water Reclamation Facility Design l l l l 2.5 l

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Water Reuse Research ProjectsClient/Project

WateReuse Foundation - Reclaimed Water Aquifer Storage and Recovery: Potential Changes in Water Quality

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WateReuse Foundation/University of California at Davis - Pathogen Inactivation through Wastewater Reclamation

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WateReuse Foundation - Regional Solutions for Disposing of Concentrate l l l l

WateReuse Foundation - Innovative Treatment Technologies for Reclaimed Water

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WateReuse Foundation - Microconstituents Removal in AWT Facilities l l l l l l

WateReuse Foundation - Low-Cost Treatment Technologies for Small-Scale Water Reclamation Plants

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WateReuse Foundation - Elimination Methods for Use with Reclaimed Waters l l

WateReuse Foundation - Demonstration of Filtration and Disinfection Compliance through Soil Aquifer Treatment

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WateReuse Foundation - Framework for Informed Planning Decisions Regarding Indirect Potable Reuse and Dual Pipe Systems

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San Francisco Public Utilities Commission - Pathogen Occurrence and Treatment in Graywater

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Carollo 3rd Party Technology ValidationsTechnology Manufacturer Equipment

UV Trojan Technologies UV3000, UV3000Plus, UV4000, 04AL20, 08AL20, 18AL40, 32AL50, 72AL75, D72AL75

Wedeco, Inc. TAK55HP, LBX 90, LBX 120, LBX 200, LBX 400, LBX 550, LBX 750, LBX 1000

Ozonia 40 HO VLS, 3X HO VLS

Siemens Vertical System

Aquionics, Inc. InLine 400+, InLine 1000+, InLine 4500+, InLine 5000+, InLine 7500+, InLine 16000+, InLine 18000+

Severn Trent Services Microwave UV

Calgon Carbon C3 500

Neotec UV Open Channel

ETS In Vessel

Ozone APT Water HiPOx

Pasteurization Pasteurization Technologies

Plasma Technologies AquaPure Nonthermal Plasma

Filtration NovaParksonAqua Aerobic Systems

Ultra ScreenDyna DiscAqua Disc


CITY OF, PeTaluma, CalIFORnIaH

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Facility will provide 4 mgd of Title 22 water to golf

courses, parks, vineyards, and schools.

Extended aeration treatment followed by

wetlands.

Secured $4 million in funding for land acquisition,

trail construction, and habitat restoration.

Water Recycling Facility Project

The City of Petaluma has embarked on a project to construct a new water recycling facility. The existing wastewater plant was originally built in 1938 and was upgraded over the years to include oxidation ponds for storage during non-discharge periods. The City currently uses the pond effluent to irrigate 800 acres of agricultural lands and a golf course.

Petaluma hired Carollo to evaluate treatment alternatives and select the best alternative to carry forward into design. The treatment alternatives ranged from natural land-based systems such as ponds and wetlands to more conventional treatment systems such as activated sludge and extended aera-tion. All alternatives include continued use of the existing oxidation ponds, which are crucial for storage and managing their reuse program. Treat-ment alternatives were evaluated using a variety of criteria including costs, sustainability, neighborhood qualities, community amenities, and wastewater treatment issues of reliability, expandability and flexibility. Based on its low cost, low ecological footprint (an indicator of sustainability) and treatment performance, the team selected extended aeration followed by wetlands as the preferred alternative.

Carollo has continued to serve the City of Petaluma for the predesign, design, and construction support of the facilities. The new facilities include secondary treatment and tertiary treatment. Tertiary treatment includes continuous backwash filters and ultraviolet light (UV) disinfection, to meet California Title 22 unrestricted reuse standards. Future uses include more golf course irrigation, irrigation of vineyards, business parks, schools, and City parks. The tertiary process is sized at 4 mgd to meet the initial demand for urban reuse. The remainder of the secondary effluent will be stored in the ponds and used to continue serving existing agricultural users. Effluent will be discharged to the Petaluma River during the winter months.

Carollo provided a robust treatment process that incorporates the existing pond system, as well as the addition of wetlands for providing nutrient and

metal reduction. Tertiary treatment will be provided with state of the art ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. Storage in the ponds has been preserved and algae produced in the ponds will be reduced by the use of densely vegetated wetlands. The adjacent property also has an existing tidal mudflat/wetland that will provide additional recreational and educational opportunities. Carollo helped secure funding for the land acquisi-tion, trail construction, and habitat restoration in the amount of $4 million. Landscaping around the wetlands will be irrigated with recycled water. The community has embraced the concept of a publicly accessible treatment wetlands and has formed an alli-ance to promote the development of the project.

Dense vegetation

Open water

Legend

Pond No. 1 Pond No. 2




Lakeville Highway

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Trail to ShollenbergerPark

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existing roadwill be repaired

Treatment WetlandsPump Station

South StreamCrossing

NorthStreamCrossings

Access Road

Parking

Islands

Operations Buiding/Laboratory

Existing Force Main

Recycled Water Storage

Trails onBerms

Filters

UV Disinfection

FilterSupport Building

SecondaryClarifiers

New access gate from Lakeville Highway(City Staff & deliveries only)

New access gate from Cypress Drive(public access)

OxidationDitches

Solids Handling

CITY OWNED PARCEL

NativeLandscaping

To Outfall

Pipes from Wetlands

Existing Trail toNaval Building

and River

Biofilters

Head-works

Anaerobic Digestion

Dense vegetation

Open water

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Parking

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Existing Force Main


Trails onBerms

Filters

UV Disinfection


SecondaryClarifiers



OxidationDitches

Solids Handling

CITY OWNED PARCEL

NativeLandscaping

To Outfall

Pipes from Wetlands


and River

Biofilters

Head-works

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TreatmentWetlands

Dense vegetation

Open water

Legend





Lakeville Highway

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Access Road

Parking

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Existing Force Main


Trails onBerms

Filters

UV Disinfection


SecondaryClarifiers



OxidationDitches

Solids Handling

CITY OWNED PARCEL

NativeLandscaping

To Outfall

Pipes from Wetlands


and River

Biofilters

Head-works

Anaerobic Digestion

TreatmentWetlands

ExistingOxidation

Ponds

Canal CCrossing

StormwaterWetlands

Carollo helped the City of Petaluma develop a community asset on property adjacent to the treatment facility, centered

around polishing wetlands that provide habitat, wildlife viewing, education, and nutrient and metals reduction.

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Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch

The Town of Gilbert’s Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch consists of approximately 70 acres of recharge basins and marsh areas designed to recharge 4 mgd of treated effluent or Central Arizona Project (CAP) water. It also includes a five-acre recreation lake that is supplied by two shallow aquifer wells. Gilbert’s reuse water system serves as the primary source of water to the recharge basins, supplemented by CAP water taken from the Eastern Canal. The existing reuse water distribution system from the Gilbert Wastewater Reclamation Plant delivers the treated efflu-ent to the site. The CAP water is conveyed through an existing turnout on the Eastern Canal.

Carollo helped to design this riparian preserve to be a focal point for visitors and provide the opportunity for the community to learn about water management, the natural history of the region, and local wildlife. The primary function of the riparian preserve is that of a recharge area for Gilbert’s treated effluent or CAP water. The park has six ponds that are fed from pipes through a central water distribution structure, and one pond fed by an ephemeral distribution stream. Additional features include a 360-linear-foot recirculation stream, more than four miles of trails, an ethnobotanical interpretive garden, wildlife viewing blinds, and interpretive exhibits.

The preserve has a permanent marsh and native riparian and upland vegetation areas. The plants in the park are native to the Sonoran desert and the planting design adheres to the principals of low maintenance xeriscape.

The project included specific elements to attract wildlife to the riparian area and enhance the park’s public-use value. These include establish-ing native desert vegetation along pond margins, marsh vegetation in a

permanent pond, and upland vegetation on adjacent upper slopes; interpretive exhibits to provide environmental educa-tion opportunities; and blinds for the public to view the area without disturb-ing the wildlife. The park also features a children’s play area.

TOWn OF GilbeRT, aRIzOna

Gilbert’s Riparian Preserve at Water Ranch provides a focal point for visitors to learn about water management, the

natural history of the region, and local wildlife.

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4-mgd recharge facility.

Five-acre recreational lake.

Supplied by Gilbert’s reuse water system, supplemented

by CAP water.

Community park featuring trails, gardens, wildlife

areas, and a children’s play area.


CITY OF Phoenix, aRIzOna Cave Creek Water Reclamation Plant

Carollo provided master planning, design, and construction management for the 8-mgd Cave Creek Water Reclamation Plant. Constructed in the northeast section of Phoenix to serve rapidly-growing housing, commer-cial, and industrial developments, this facility is the City’s first satellite water reclamation plant. The Cave Creek plant has an initial capacity of 8 mgd; however, the site is master planned for an ultimate capacity of 32 mgd to accommodate growth projections for the next 10 to 15 years. The Phase 1 facility includes the following unit processes:

u Influent pump station.

u Mechanically-cleaned bar screens.

u Multi-stage aeration.

u Primary and secondary sedimentation (with chemical addition for coagulation).

u Nitrification/denitrification.

u Biological nutrient removal.

u Tertiary filtration (with Parkson DynaSand® filters).

u Medium-pressure UV disinfection.

u Odor control facilities.

u 8-million-gallon recycled water reservoir.

The plant’s location is in an area that supports desert wildlife and which is adjacent to residences. The plant drew scrutiny from community groups interested in preserving the environment. Benefiting from an active public participation forum, the design incorporates special con-siderations for landscaping and architecture, as well as odor and noise control. The result is a facility that is a “good neighbor” to the commu-nity.

The Cave Creek plant is monitored and controlled remotely from the 23rd Avenue Wastewater Treatment Plant. Unit processes have proven track records and are easy to operate and control.

Effluent is utilized on large turf areas such as golf courses and parks within the service area via two main reuse water distribution pipelines. The project also devel-oped alternate means of disposal, including recharge basins that incorporate wetland features for public benefit.

The state-of-the-art Cave Creek Water Reclamation

Plant produces high-quality effluent to meet the needs of

northern Phoenix. Recycled water customers include large

turf areas such as parks and golf courses.

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8-mgd water recycling facility, master planned

for an ultimate capacity of 32 mgd.

“Good-neighbor” design to minimize visual, odor, and

noise impacts.

Tertiary filtration with DynaSand® filters.

Effluent reuse on large turf grass areas.

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CamRosa WaTeR DisTRiCT, CamaRIllO, CalIFORnIa

The Camrosa Water Reclamation Plant upgrade provides efficient, reliable, and cost-effective treatment to

produce unrestricted reuse water.

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1.5-mgd water recycling facility.

Economical use of existing and new facilities.

Tertiary filtration with DynaSand® filters.

California Title 22 unrestricted reuse.

Water Reclamation Facility upgrade

Carollo completed a study and design of an upgrade and expansion project for the Camrosa Water Reclamation Facility. The Camrosa Water District’s goal was to increase capacity and achieve effluent quality meeting the regulatory guidelines for California Title 22 unrestricted use recycled water in a manner to achieve energy efficiency, low mainte-nance, high reliability, flexibility, and cost effectiveness.

The existing biofiltration plant had an average daily design flow capacity of 1.2 mgd. The existing plant, which was about 60 years old, was nearing the end of its useful life, and population projections required an increase in plant capacity. Carollo evaluated the existing structures and developed a facility layout and design based on the most economical use of a few of the existing facilities, combined with mostly new wastewater treatment processes.

The 1.5-mgd upgraded and expanded plant consists of preliminary, secondary, and tertiary treatment facilities to meet Title 22 unrestricted use requirements for recycled water. It includes a new headworks, oxida-tion ditches, anoxic basins, secondary clarifiers, a return-activated sludge/waste-activated sludge (RAS/WAS pump station, an operations/control

building, a flow equalization system, DynaSand® tertiary filters, and conversion of the existing chlorine gas dis-infection system to sodium hypochlorite.


Dublin san Ramon seRViCes DisTRiCT, DublIn, CalIFORnIa

The DSRSD Plan of Services includes recycled water distribution planning for the Tassajara and Dougherty Valley Developments.

R2/3

R2R3

R4

R3/4

Pressure Zone 2 (El. 390 to 520)Pressure Zone 3 (El. 520 to 740)Pressure Zone 4 (El. 740 to 1,000)

Potable Water Transmission PipelinePressure Zone 2Pressure Zone 3Pressure Zone 4Zone 2/3 Pump StationZone 3/4 Pump StationZone 2 ReservoirZone 3 ReservoirZone 4 Reservoir

Note: Pipeline alignments and reservoir andpump station locations are approximate

Figure 2.9

DSRSDPlan of Services for TVPOA

RECYCLED WATER DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM SCHEMATIC

R3/4

R2/3

R2

R4

R3

Plan of services for the Tassajara Valley Property owners association

Carollo completed a plan of services for the Dublin San Ramon Services District (DSRSD) for three planned developments in eastern Alameda County and southern Contra Costa County, California. These included Schaefer Ranch, a proposed development of 1,500 people located west of Highway 680 and north of Highway 580; Windemere Ranch, a proposed development of 12,000 people in Dougherty Valley; and the Tassajara Valley Property Owners Association (TVPOA) project, a planned devel-opment of nearly 15,000 people on the Alameda/Contra Costa County border.

The plan of services represents integrated water resource planning for potable water, wastewater, and recycled water. This planning centered around the use of recycled water to serve as both a wastewater disposal mechanism and a source of water supply. A major element of the project was estimating total annual recycled water demands, including annual and daily variations. Infrastructure planning included hydraulic model-ing using Cybernet® with an AutoCAD® interface, establishing pressure zones, and establishing reservoir and pump station criteria.

Potable water needs will be achieved by a combination of groundwater and surface water sources. Up to 2,100 acre-feet per year of surface water rights may be exchanged for the treated effluent applied to private and state lands. Conservation and groundwater management will also help to

offset future water supply needs. The water conserva-tion program will consist of education, installation of water conservation devices, and encouragement for using native landscaping.

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Integrated water resource planning for potable water, wastewater, and recycled

water.

Infrastructure planning including reservoir and pump station criteria.

Up to 2,100 acre-feet per year of surface water may be exchanged for treated effluent applied to state

lands.

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Wastewater Treatment Plant expansion

Carollo completed a wastewater treatment and disposal study which evalu-ated long-term needs at the El Dorado Hills Wastewater Treatment Plant for the El Dorado Irrigation District (EID). This facilities plan evaluated alternative disposal approaches ranging from continued creek discharge to storage and recycling of all wastewater.

Based on this planning work, EID proceeded with a combined approach which included continued creek discharge in the winter and increased water recycling of stored wastewater during the summer. Carollo subse-quently prepared preliminary and final design for two phases of wastewater treatment facility construction.

Phase IIA consisted of tertiary treatment facilities designed to provide 1.6 mgd of California Title 22 unrestricted use recycled water from a secondary effluent storage reservoir. This project includes two Neptune Microfloc Trident® filters, a filter feed pump station, a chemical storage and feed system, a filter backwash supply system, and a high-pressure recycled water pump station to deliver recycled water to the distribution system.

The pump station consists of three 0.8-mgd 100-hp VFD-driven vertical turbine pumps which operate at pressures of 190 psi. Each pump is placed in an economic “pump can” which draws from a small wet well. The wet well is sized to accommodate variations in filtered effluent flow and pump ramp response time. An unlined surge pond is located alongside the wet well to contain spills in the event of a pump failure. The pump station is also tied into the filter backwash system and used to deliver backwash water to the tertiary filters.

The project included 7,000 feet of high-pressure intertie piping, conversion of an existing 1-million-gallon potable water reservoir to recycled water storage, and two pressure reducing stations, one for the filter backwash control station and one for the recycled water distribution system. Facilities also included a surge control valve which blows off to the pump station wet well to protect the pipelines from pressure surge damage.

el DoRaDo iRRiGaTion DisTRiCT, CalIFORnIa

Carollo completed the design of the El Dorado Hills Wastewater Treatment Plant tertiary treatment facilities on a fast-track schedule to meet California

Title 22 unrestricted reuse standards.

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Conversion of potable water reservoir to recycled

water use.

High-pressure distribution system pump station.

Distribution system piping.

Recycled water customers including golf courses.


Water Recycling Planning and Design

Carollo first began working for the Napa Sanitation District (NSD) in 1982 with a study of required wastewater treatment plant modifications and the viability of wastewater recycling. This study’s major purpose was to evaluate alternative sites and outline facilities necessary to develop a recycled water program using wastewater effluent for agricultural irrigation. Following the study, Carollo designed water pumping and trans-mission facilities to deliver recycled water to ranches for pasture irrigation.

Carollo then completed a facility plan and designed a 10-mgd tertiary water recycling facility for NSD. Effluent from the new facility is dis-charged to the Napa River during the winter months and recycled for California Title 22 unrestricted irrigation uses during the summer months.

Phase 1 of the project, completed in 1996, includes tertiary filtration, sodium hypochlorite chlorination, and bisulfite dechlorination. Tertiary treatment for recycling includes three-stage flocculation; a 2,000-foot, four-cell upflow continuous backwash filtration system; a two-hour chlorine contact basin; and a two-cell, 20-acre-foot recycled water storage reservoir. Recycled water is pumped using three high-pressure vertical tur-bine pumps that deliver up to 8 mgd each at pressures exceeding 140 psi. Each pump is fitted with a high-efficiency 600-hp motor. The pump station includes a cost-effective “pump can” wet well design and a valving

and flow metering structure which is used to divert and meter recycled water to the “north” and “south” distribution systems.

Energy management was a key concern in design. The system includes a 10,000-gallon hydropneumatic surge tank that is used to deliver flow demands less than 1 mgd. For flow demands greater than 1 mgd, the pumps are speed controlled through variable frequency drives. A computer system sets the pump speed based upon the flow meter reading and a pressure set point

algorithm.

The recycled water delivery system is designed to pump recycled water to pasture land, golf courses, airport run-way boundaries, local parks, business parks, and vineyards. Upon full implementation, over 2 billion gallons of Title 22 unrestricted use recycled water will be recycled each year.

naPa saniTaTion DisTRiCT, CalIFORnIa

“During the past several years I have had an opportunity

to work with Carollo on a number of projects. I have

found their work to consistently be of superior quality.

Their reports are thorough and their plans yield a tight bid

spread with a relatively low change order rate.”

— John Stewart, Former Engineer-Manager,

Napa Sanitation District

Carollo completed reuse planning and design of a $52 million water recycling facility for the NSD. Upon full implementation, the facility will be capable of

providing up to 2 billion gallons of unrestricted use recycled water annually for landscape and pasture irrigation.

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10-mgd water recycling facility.

Upflow continuous backwash filtration system.

California Title 22 unrestricted reuse.

Cost-efficient distribution pumping.

20-cubic-foot recycled water storage reservoir.

Winner of the Water Reuse Association’s 2000 Project

of the Year Award.

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The San Clemente Water Reclamation Plant features

multiple-cell, dual-media gravity filters equipped with an automatic backwashing system

and a surge tank. Recycled water is used for golf course

irrigation.

Water Reclamation Plant

Carollo master planned, designed, and provided construction manage-ment for a comprehensive expansion and modification project for the City of San Clemente’s Water Reclamation Plant. The project, which increased plant capacity from 4 to 7 mgd, included new recycled water treatment facilities.

Project elements included a new central headworks and a secondary treatment expansion involving one new aeration basin, the rehabilitation of two existing basins, and a new fine bubble aeration system. The project also included solids handling, digestion, and incineration facilities.

Recycled water processes include:

u A reclamation forebay for constant, uniform flow to the downstream unit process.

u A coagulation facility consisting of liquid chemical feed system for alum and polymer.

u A filtration facility composed of multiple-cell, dual-media gravity filters of concrete construction, equipped with an automatic back-washing system and a surge tank.

u A chlorination facility consisting of a close-loop-control chlorine feed system and a two-hour detention contact tank.

u Influent and effluent pumping facilities.

Carollo designed the facilities to treat 2.2 mgd of activated sludge secondary effluent to California Title 22 unrestricted use standards. The facilities are capable of expansion to 4.4 mgd to meet future demand for additional unrestricted uses of recycled water.

Reclaimed water is drawn off the chlorine contact basins at the treat-ment plant and pumped to the 18-hole Pacific Golf Course via a

12-inch-diameter, 17,500-foot-long discharge line. Pumping is accomplished with two 750-gpm, 125-hp pumps. Reclaimed water is also conveyed by gravity and then pumped via a 12-inch pipe for irrigation of an 18-hole City golf course. Excess secondary effluent is conveyed to an ocean outfall, where it is pumped at certain high-tide periods.

CITY OF san ClemenTe, CalIFORnIaH

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New treatment facilities to meet California Title 22

reuse requirements.

Multiple-cell, dual-media gravity filters.

Two recycled water pump stations.

Recycled water used for golf course irrigation.


CITY OF san José, CalIFORnIa

As part of one of the largest recycling projects in the country, Carollo completed a market assessment for San José which identified 550 potential recycled water customers over a 125-square-mile area.

expanded area nonpotable Water Recycling Program

Carollo completed the $700,000 Expanded Area Recycled Water Facility Plan for the City of San José South Bay Water Recycling Program, one of the largest wastewater recycling projects in the country. Under this plan, Carollo completed a market assessment which resulted in the identifica-tion of approximately 550 potential recycled water customers over a 155-square-mile area with an annual use of 36,000 acre feet of water and a maximum day demand of 104 mgd. Potential uses identified included landscape irrigation for schools, parks, golf courses, and office parks; agricultural reuse; and industrial reuse such as process cooling.

The facility plan included the development of a recycled water distribu-tion system to serve identified potential customers. The distribution system concept included five pressure zones on five major distribution system branches, with 21 booster pump stations and 14 storage reservoirs located at pressure zone boundaries. Carollo developed costs for two dis-tribution system alternatives, provided irrigation management guidelines, and addressed San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board permitting issues.

Carollo modeled the system using the Cybernet® hydraulic modeling program. In all, the distribution system model contained over 280 miles of pipe up to 72 inches in diameter and over 1,000 nodes, making it the

largest Cybernet® model built at the time the work was developed. The estimated total pro-gram cost was $460 million.

Carollo also consulted to San José on insti-tutional issues and potential contractual arrangements between the City and five sepa-rate water retailers who will be responsible for retailing the recycled water to customers in their respective service areas.

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Planned a recycled water delivery system for a

maximum daily demand up to 104 mgd.

One of the largest wastewater recycling

planning projects in the country.

Distribution system layout with 280 miles of pipe up to 72 inches in diameter, five pressure zones, 21 booster

pump stations, and 14 storage reservoirs.

550 potential customers and five water retailers.

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sonoma Valley CounTy saniTaTion DisTRiCT, CalIFORnIaRecycled Water Project management Plan

Carollo prepared a Recycled Water Project Management Plan for waste-water recycling in the community of Sonoma, California. Recycled wastewater meeting California Title 22 requirements for restricted use is currently being utilized for wetlands and irrigation of 400 acres of pasture and 1,850 acres of wine grapes for four major vineyards in the famous Carneros region of Sonoma County.

Carollo’s involvement included assisting the Sonoma Valley County Sanitation District (SVCSD) in negotiating the final Regional Water Quality Control Board reclamation permit, developing a recycled water use plan for compliance with permit operating and monitoring provisions and use restrictions, and developing a program for training field workers in the use of recycled water.

The management plan includes recycled water piping construction stan-dards and identification procedures, irrigation and harvesting practices, a worker training plan, monitoring and reporting procedures, and an operational contingency plan.

The training program developed by Carollo has proven very successful and includes bilingual written training materials, treatment plant and irrigation area tours, and a training videotape. The training videotape is the highlight of the training program and includes background infor-

mation to familiarize workers with the characteristics of recycled water, as well as the do’s and don’ts of recycled water handling and use. The training videotape has also been used as a public relations tool for SVCSD, has been shown to com-munity groups and schools, and has been aired on public television.

Carollo has also evaluated the cost of upgrading the existing treatment system to produce “unrestricted use” recycled water. The evaluation included assessing the impact of using higher-quality water on permit requirements and resulting monitoring and compliance needs.

A comprehensive project management plan for the Sonoma Valley County

Sanitation District included a worker training program complete with

bilingual video.

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Water recycling plan for California Title 22 restricted

reuse standards.

Recycled water used for pasture and vineyard

irrigation.

Permitting assistance.

Successful worker training program which also serves as a public relations tool.


CITY OF linColn, nebRaSka

The Lincoln water recycling evaluation considered

reuse potential for power generation operations and

irrigating soccer fields at the Abbott Sports Complex.

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Planning for use of treated effluent for power

generation operations.

First water recycling project of this size in Nebraska.

Collaborative effort between City and utility.

Complex supply and treatment issues.

Water Recycling evaluation

Prompted by the lack of an adequate water supply for cooling tower and boiler operations, the Lincoln Electric System (LES) approached the Lincoln Wastewater System (LWS) about the possibility of using treated wastewater effluent from the 8-mgd Northeast Wastewater Treatment Plant (NEWWTP) for process use at a future, LES-owned power genera-tion station. The generation facility is currently under design and will be constructed in four, 150-MW phases. It will have an initial total water demand of 1.61 mgd with an ultimate need of 6.45 mgd.

LES’s planned approach includes pumping conventionally-treated effluent from the NEWWTP to the power generating facility where it would be stored and used as required for power generation operations. In addi-tion to the supply transmission system, a gravity sewer would serve as a return line to the plant for spent waste streams resulting from the power generating operations. These waste streams would then be reprocessed and/or discharged.

Carollo performed a preliminary evaluation of the planning project in order to identify elements warranting further study. This evaluation iden-tified potential concerns relating to the supply of treated water to LES, the return of used water to the treatment facility, and stream discharge. The evaluation led to further investigation by both entities and resulted in the resolution of issues relating to:

u The impact of return flows from LES to the NEWWTP due to flow, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), and biostimulatory nutrients.

u The impact of biocidal and chemical additions in the return flows on treatment plant operations and/or effluent toxicity.

u Recirculation of total dissolved solids (TDS) within the LES-NEWWTP transmission and return systems.

As a result of the evaluation, Lincoln has determined that reuse is a viable alternative to discharge to Salt Creek and has initiated negotia-tions for an Agreement of Understanding with LES for use of NEWWTP

effluent. Lincoln has also initiated discussions with appropriate regu-latory agencies and has identified other potential agricultural and landscape irrigation users.

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Winston-Green Wastewater Treatment Plant upgrade and Reuse Planning

Carollo provided planning, design, and construction management services for the upgrade of the 3.5-mgd Winston-Green Wastewater Treatment Plant in southern Oregon. The major improvements include headworks modifications, new fine bubble aeration basins with selectors for biological phosphorus removal, new secondary clarifiers, a new gravity belt thickener, a new anaerobic digester, dechlorination facilities, and modifications to improve the existing sand filters. To reduce the project cost, the upgraded treatment plant will continue to utilize the existing fixed film process in parallel with the activated sludge process.

The Winston-Green Regional Treatment Facility currently discharges approximately 1 mgd of disinfected secondary effluent to the South Umpqua River. Evolving regulations are likely to make future discharge more difficult, especially during the low-flow summer months. Treated wastewater from the plant meets the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality’s Level II requirements for water recycling, making it a valuable resource for irrigation and the creation of wetlands for wildlife habitats.

One possible recipient of recycled water from the Winston-Green facility is Wildlife Safari, a 600-acre wild animal park near Roseburg, Oregon. The park allows visitors to drive through and view African, Asian, and North American animals and birds in their natural habitats. It is currently home to over a dozen endangered species.

The South Umpqua River presently serves as one of the main sources of water for maintaining the park’s streams and ponds. Although this supply is adequate to meet Wildlife Safari’s needs, additional water could help increase summer-

time stream flows and possibly develop wetland habitats within the park.

Carollo provided conceptual planning for pumping 1 mgd of recycled water approximately three miles from the plant to the highest point in Wildlife Safari’s waterway system. From there it would flow through a series of animal habitats, interconnected by streams, to the lowest part of the park. It could then be pumped to irrigate fodder crops or continue to flow downstream for off-site uses.

CITY OF WinsTon/GReen saniTaRy DisTRiCT, OReGOn

The upgrade of the Winston-Green Wastewater Treatment Plant

included a conceptual plan to reuse treated effluent in a popular

wild animal park.

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3.5-mgd wastewater treatment plant upgrade.

Effluent meeting Oregon Department of Environmental Quality

Level II requirements for water recycling.

Planning for pumping 1.0 mgd of recycled water to the 600-acre Wildlife Safari animal park near

Roseburg.


Water Reclamation Plant Design

Carollo provided planning, design, and construction services for a 250,000-gpd water recycling facility to serve the Robson Communities, Inc., residential development located near Denton, Texas. The initial planning study determined that the wastewater flow from the new development would be best handled by the construction of the new facility rather than sending it to the City of Denton’s Pecan Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Treatment processes for this facility include sequential batch reactors (SBRs), filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection (UV). During preliminary design, Carollo, along with Robson Communities, Inc., and a contractor, investigated three types of UV disinfection for this 1.5-mgd SBR facility. Low-pressure and high-intensity UV lamps were evaluated, but due to the cycling of the flow, a low-intensity UV system was chosen to extend the lamp life. Effluent will be used for irrigation and discharge to a surface stream where dechlorination normally is required.

Due to the low flows anticipated with a new development, the SBR was selected to provide a degree of flow equalization and storage, while still being capable of removing nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand, and suspended solids to levels required for surface discharge or reuse for irri-gation. Tertiary filters remove excess turbidity in the wastewater, which is followed by the low-pressure UV disinfection.

The waste activated sludge is pumped from the SBR to a sludge holding tank. A decanter removes the supernatant and the thickened sludge is then processed through a centrifuge for dewatering. The centrifuge is designed so that the dewatered solids will meet a paint filter test, meeting

the requirements for landfill disposal. The wastewater is designed to provide a high-quality effluent which will meet the water reuse standards for the State of Texas.

Robson CommuniTies, inC., Sun lakeS, aRIzOna

Recycled water from the Robson Communities Water Reclamation Plant is used to irrigate golf courses constructed on this former ranch land site.

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250,000-gpd water recycling facility.

Above-ground SBRs.

Filtration.

Low-pressure UV disinfection.

Effluent use for golf course irrigation.

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salt lake Valley Water Reuse Project

Carollo, in association with others, conducted a feasibility study for recycling 50 mgd of polished secondary effluent from Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility. Sponsoring agencies for this study included the Central Valley Water Reclamation Facility Board, the Central Utah Water Conservancy District, the Metropolitan Water District of Salt Lake City, and the Salt Lake County Water Conservancy District. The purpose of this study was to formulate a viable, cost-effective and benefi-cial water recycling alternative to complying with the Utah Department or Environmental Quality’s ammonia limits for the continued discharge of Central Valley effluent to the Jordan River.

The study evaluated the feasibility of discharging the effluent to various irrigation canals in the southwest Salt Lake Valley and assessed water quality issues associated with effluent recycling for unrestricted landscape irrigation. The report also considered possible funding through the con-servation credit program of the Central Utah Project Completion Act.

Additional project elements included developing costs, sizes, and alterna-tive alignments for pipelines, preliminary design and cost estimates for effluent storage and pumping facilities, and cost estimates for tertiary filtration.

CenTRal Valley WaTeR ReClamaTion FaCiliTy, SalT lake CITY, uTah

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Feasibility study for recycling 50 mgd of

polished secondary effluent.

Multiple-agency coordination.

Preliminary design and cost estimates for pipelines,

pumping, and storage facilities.

we have provided water reuse planning and design … of yuma, arizona - jackrabbit mesa water...

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