we are not alone ms. potter’s principle of health science
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We are Not Alone Ms. Potter’s Principle of Health Science . Introduction: They are in the air we breathe . . . In our food . . . On our skin . . . -on everything we touch. They are . . . microorganisms. What are microorganisms?. (also called microbes). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
We are Not AloneMs. Potter’s Principle of Health Science
Introduction:They are in the air we breathe . . . In our food .
. .On our skin . . .
-on everything we touch.
They are . . .
microorganisms
What are microorganisms?
(also called microbes)
Microbes are small living plants or animals most of which are not visible to the naked eye.
Some microbes cause disease or infection.
Many microbes are “good” organisms that help keep balance in the environment and the body.
What microbes lack in size, they make up in
number.
On the average human, there are about 100 trillion microbes.
Good vs. Bad Microorganisms:
Microorganisms that cause disease (germs) are referred to as pathogens.
Yeah, I’m bad.
Microorganisms that are harmless or beneficial are
called nonpathogens.
Most microbes are considered beneficial or harmless.
87%
beneficial organisms
10%
opportunistsPathogens 3%
The role of good microorganisms
Marine & freshwater microbes form the basis of the food chain
in oceans, lakes, and rivers.
Soil microbes help break down
wastes.
Humans and other animals depend on
bacteria in their intestines for digestion and
synthesis of vitamins including:
vitamin B (for metabolism) vitamin K (for blood clotting)
Microorganisms have many commercial applicationsThey are used in synthesis of chemical
products such as:
acetoneenzymes
alcohol
organic acids
many drugs
They are used in the food industry for producing:
vinegarpickles cheese
green olives
alcoholic beverages
yogurt
bread
Microorganisms
Aerobic organisms:Anaerobic organisms:Most microorganisms prefer warm, dark environments
Main Classes of Pathogenic Organisms:
1)Bacteria • simple one-celled organisms• At home within “climate” of human
body• compose largest group of pathogens
2)Fungi: yeasts & molds • Plant-like organisms that live on
dead organic matter• Grow best in dark, damp places
3) Viruses - smallest microbes• acellular particles (not a complete cell)
4) Protozoa• one-celled animals often found in decayed materials & contaminated water5) Helminths• parasitic worms • caused by larval & egg infestations
Bacterial Infections
Impetigo
highly contagious bacterial infection
Extensive case of impetigo on underarm of baby.
Fetal Tetanus (note severe muscle contractions)
Due to toxin production as a result of bacterial infection.
Diphtheria
Note swelling in neck
Diphtheria membrane
Cellulitis An acute bacterial inflammation of
connective tissue.
Lyme's Disease
hallmark “bulls-eye” lesion
Tiny deer tick vector that transmits lymes disease.
Fungal Infections
Candidiasis: Oral Thrush
Oral Thrush:tongue
Candidiasis of SkinTypical red, slightly most lesions.
Nail Fungus
Black Hairy Tongue
Cutaneous Fungal Infection: Tinea Versicolor
Note: hypopigmented fungal lesions
Cutaneous Fungal Infection: Ringworm
Cutaneous Blastomycosis: Hand & Wrist
Subcutaneous Blastomycosis
: Manifested by subcutaneous abscesses in upper chest
Chromomycosis
Deep fungal infection with granulomatous
lesions.
Viruses
Viral Infection: Verruca Vulgaris (Wart)
Herpes Type I: Oral Herpes
More Oral Herpes
healing stage
Neonatal Herpes
Premature infant born with classic “cigarette burn” pattern of HSV
infection.
Poliomyelitis(also called infantile
paralysis)
Note: deformed right leg
Iron Lung: used by polio victims
Varicella (Chickenpox with oral involvement)
Measles(rubeola)
Rash usually begins on face and spreads to
trunk and extremities.
Mumps: Note edema to cheeks and neck
Viral Hepatitis
Severely distended abdomen (ascites).
Secondary complication from hepatitis.
Parasitic & Protozoan Infections
Leishmaniasis
(protozoan systemic disease)
Severe nodular, disfiguring lesions
transmitted by sand fly
Dracunculiasis (Fiery Dragon Worm)Found just under skin of human host.
Causes blisters at site of infestation.
Ulceration from worm.
A fiery dragon worm emerges from leg.
Elphantiasis
(filariasis)
Elphantiasisaffecting left leg and genitals
Intestinal helminthes cause infestations in intestinal tract and
abdominal organs such as the liver and spleen.
Always in pairs.
Helminthes which have infested the
liver.
hepatomegaly and ascites
Intestinal Roundworms
Mass of 800 worms removed from child’s ileum during autopsy
Loa Loa eye worm infestation in conjunctiva
Loa loa being extracted from under conjunctivia.
Hydatid cyst formed by tiny tapeworm that migrated to brain.
That’s all folks.
Three Major viruses that are of concern to healthcare workers are:
1. Hepatitis B2. Hepatitis C3. AIDS
Hepatitis C
virus that is spread through blood, serum and other body secretions. It affects the liver.
Hepatitis B
virus that is spread through blood. It affects the liver and can lead to destruction of the liver and eventually death. There is a 3 series vaccination that can help protect for getting the virus.
AIDS
a virus that suppresses the immune system. People with AIDS cannot fight off infection that would not affect a healthy person. It is transmitted through blood and body secretions.
Protect Your Self!!!!!! It is very important as a
health care worker to take every precaution against contracted these viruses. Good hand washing, always wear gloves and other protective equipment, and use caution when drawing blood or giving injections, are just a few safety precautions
Summary•Microbes are microscopic organisms
•About 100 trillion microbes live on the average human
• “Bad” microbes are pathogens•About 3% of microorganisms are pathogenic
•Main classes of pathogenic microbes include: bacteria, fungi, viruses, protoza, & helminths
In order for disease to occur and spread from one person to another, certain conditions must be met, first there must be
Causative agent: pathogen such as a bacteria or virus
Reservoir: place for the causative agent (virus) to live. Such as the human body
Fomites: objects that are contaminated with infectious material that contains pathogens (Examples: door knobs, bed pans, linens and specimen containers)
Portal of Endogenous
means the infection or the disease originates within the body (Examples: tumors, metabolic disorders, and congenital abnormalities
Exogenous
means the infection or disease originated from outside the body (Examples: radiation, chemical agents, trauma, and temperature extremes
Nosocomial: Infection that is acquired
by an individual in a health care facility such as a hospital or nursing facility. These infections are usually passed to the patient by the health care worker (Examples: staph infection, and pseudomonas)
Opportunistic Type of infection that
occurs when the body’s defenses are weak. These diseases usually do not occur in healthy people (Examples: kaposi’s sarcoma, rare type of cancer or different types of pneumonia in people who have AIDS
Different levels of aseptic control:Antisepsis: Prevent or inhibit
growth of pathogenic organisms but are not effective against spores and viruses.
Examples: Alcohol and betadine
Disinfection: process that destroys or kills pathogenic organisms. Not always effective against spores and viruses.
Example: Chemical disinfectants
Sterilization: process that destroys all microorganisms, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, including spores and viruses.
Autoclave: is the most common piece of equipment used for sterilization