A Biological Inspiration to Support Emergent Behavior inSystems-of-Systems Development

Valdemar V. Graciano Neto, Elisa Yumi Nakagawavaldemarneto@inf.ufg.br, elisa@icmc.usp.br

ICMC - Universidade de São Paulo - São Carlos - SPINF - Universidade Federal de Goiás - Goiânia - GO

Agenda

1. Introduction

2. Biological Inspiration for Systems-of-Systems

3. A bio-inspired solution for SoS’s emergent behavior

4. Discussion

5. Final Remarks

2

Introduction

● Systems-of-Systems (SoS)

● Emergent behavior as a sum of individual ones

● Approaches to integrate constituents

● Lack of consensual models to represent SoS

● Bio-inspired solutions in computing

3

Introduction

4

Introduction

● Living cell simulation

○ Software-based simulation

○ Software modules represent organelles and cell’s processes

○ Cell’s life cycles is an emergent behavior

5

Introduction

● Simulation as a recurrent paradigm in Systems Engineering guides

● Models to fit SoS’ dynamics and emergent behavior

● Research Question:

6

How a living cell simulation approach can be shifted to suitably support a bio-inspired solution which addresses emergent behavior in SoS?

Biological Inspiration for Systems-of-Systems

● Systems-of-Systems

○ Constituents: monolithic software or smaller SoS

○ Emergent behavior

○ Translation of SoS concept to reality

○ Necessity of models to represent distinct levels of nesting

7

Biological Inspiration for Systems-of-Systems

● Living cell simulation

○ Constituents: organelles and cellular inner processes

○ Emergent behavior: cell’s life cycle

○ Simulation approach

○ A model to represent SoS

8

A bio-inspired solution for SoS’s emergent behavior

● Points of intersection among research topics

● Cell as an SoS

● Human body as a huge SoS

● Interaction among organelles delivers behaviors

● A biological analogy to realize how emerging behaviors occur and

how this spontaneous phenomenon can be represented as a function

of individual constituents and their capabilities. 9

A bio-inspired solution for SoS’s emergent behavior

● Bio-inspired solution can foster:

○ Representation of interactions among constituents

○ Realizion of the impact of constituents’ individual influences over

the whole behavior

○ Engineer such emergent behaviors in SoS

10

A bio-inspired solution for SoS’s emergent behavior

● Characterizing a cell as a biological SoS:

○ Constituents: organelles

○ Mission: Growing, reproducing

○ Independence: organelles are distinct entities

○ Evolutionary development: constituents individually evolve

○ Distribution: separate entities

○ Emergent Behavior (determinant): life cycle

○ Interoperability: influence among inner processes and organelles11

A bio-inspired solution for SoS’s emergent behavior

12Karr, J. R., Sanghvi, J. C., Macklin, D. N., Gutschow, M. V., Jacobs, J. M., Bolival, B., Assad-Garcia, N., Glass, J. I., and Covert, M. W. (2012). A Whole-Cell Computational Model Predicts Phenotype from Genotype. Cell, 150(2):389–401.

Discussion

● The ‘nature of constituents’ (existencial independence)

● A innovative simulation approach for SoS

● A strategy to engineer emergent behavior

● Simulation to provide:

○ An early perception of errors, defects, and problems in

specification level

○ Consistency, verification and validation

○ Early evidences of phenomena and data13

Discussion

“ An SoS must be rich in emergence, and that a challenge for the SoS designer is to know, or learn how, as the SoS progresses through its series of stable states, to create a climate in which emergence could flourish, and an agility to quickly detect and destroy unintended behaviors, much like the human body deals with unwanted invasions”.1

14

Boardman, J. and Sauser, B. (2006). System of systems - the meaning of of. In Proc. of 2006 IEEE/SMC International Conference on System of Systems Engineering, pages 6 pp.–.

Final Remarks

● Insights for cross-fertilization of a cell simulation approach and SoS

development

● A innovative simulation approach for SoS

● A strategy to investigate and realize emergent behavior

accomplishment

● Endorsement of simulation as a paradigm for SoS engineering

15

Final Remarks

● Research Question:

■ Extending simulation mechanisms to realize and implement emergent behaviors

■ Providing runtime models to suitably represent, run, and verify a running SoS

■ Enriching a collection of strategies to deal with unpredicted states in SoS life cycle

16

How a living cell simulation approach can be shifted to suitably support a bio-inspired solution which addresses emergent behavior in SoS?

A Biological Inspiration to Support Emergent Behavior inSystems-of-Systems Development

Valdemar V. Graciano Neto, Elisa Yumi Nakagawavaldemarneto@inf.ufg.br, elisa@icmc.usp.br

ICMC - Universidade de São Paulo - São Carlos - SPINF - Universidade Federal de Goiás - Goiânia - GO