wb page 50 - enzymes are proteins biological catalysts (speed up rxns without being used up)...
DESCRIPTION
Enzyme names Enzymes are named by adding the suffix “-ase” to the substance they act upon. E.g. Lipase (act on lipid), maltase (act on maltose), urease (act on urea)TRANSCRIPT
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WB page 50 - Enzymes are…
Proteins Biological Catalysts (speed up rxns
without being used up) Generally Specific (act on one type
of compound) Either catabolic (ab = a + b) or
anabolic (a + b = ab)Catabolism; Cut Anabolism; Add
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Enzyme names
Enzymes are named by adding the suffix “-ase” to the substance they act upon.
E.g. Lipase (act on lipid), maltase (act on maltose), urease (act on urea)
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Enzyme StructureThey have an
active site which attracts the
substrate(s) and position the
substrates to promote a reaction
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Lock and Key HypothesisUsually only onetype of substrate molecule will fit into the active site of an enzyme.
Substrate = KeyEnzyme = lock
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Maltose is made of two glucose molecules bonded together (1). The maltase enzyme is a protein that is perfectly shaped to
accept a maltose molecule and break the bond (2). The two glucose molecules are released (3). A single maltase enzyme can break in excess of 1,000 maltose
bonds per second, and will only accept maltose molecules.
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Induced Fit model – partially flexible enzyme
The enzyme’s active site is not an exact fit for the substrate. The shape of the enzyme changes
when the substrate bind to the active site.
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How do enzymes work?
Enzymes speed up rxns by lowering the activation energy- activation energy (AE) is the energy required before a rxn can occur. [“jumpstarting” the reaction]- can also be explained by an energy hill graph AE = energy needed to push the reactants over the energy barrier
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Energy hill graph
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DO NOW: Sketch this graph into your notebook
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What affects how enzymes work?
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Enzyme Cofactors Alter the shape of the enzyme’s active
site slightly to make active site more ‘reactive’
Enables substrates to ‘fit’ that might not have been able to without the cofactor
Cofactors can be ions or a vitamin e.g. amylase need Cl ion to convert
starch to maltose e.g. vit B2 important coenzyme in
cellular respiration.Organic cofactors = coenzymes