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9-66 Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge

17. Define combination rules

CivilFEM provides, by the combinations module, the possibility of operating witha results sets and combine them in such a way that a given targets areachieved. Therefore, the results combination is based on the search of thecombination among certain data set that, following certain rules, fulfills the giventargets in each node of the structure.

In our case we will define these combination rules using the start states createdbefore:

Combination RuleStart

StatesType

N

StartStates

Cf1 Cf2

Total with InitialPrestressing

1002

CMB1001,LS20, 22,23, 24, 25

SELECTVC 6

1.10

1.10

1.35

1.35

1.5

1.35

0.90

0.90

1.00

1.00

0.00

1.00

Total with FinalPrestressing

1003

CMB1001,LS21,22,23, 24, 25

SELECTVC 6

1.10

1.10

1.35

1.35

1.5

1.35

0.90

0.90

1.00

1.00

0.00

1.00

Total with Initial or FinalPrestressing

1004

CMB1002,1003

OPTION 2 1 1


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Chapter 9 Check by EHE a Prestressed Slab Bridge 9-67

Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Combine Results Combination

The combinations explorer window opens:

Pick on Combinations

Enter title Total with initial prestressing

Enter combination number 1002

Choose type SELECTVC

Enter 6 as number of start states

Enter 6 as NADD

Click on Create

Combination 1002 is created, if we select the combination from the tree (it still doesnot have its start states defined):

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So, now we select in the start states list, the ones desired to be included in thecombination (more than one can be selected maintaining the control key [CTRL]pressed).

Select combination 1002

Select from List of Possible Start States: Combination 1001: Vehicle Load

Press the contextual button in toolbar

to define a new start state (user can drag with the mouse the selected startstates selected from the list, and drop them on the combination)

Start state 1 is defined, now we must define the rest:

Select combination 1002 again

Select from List of Possible Start States( hold control key [CTRL] )

Load Step 20 Initial Prestressing

Load Step 22 Self Weight

Load Step 23 Dead Load

Load Step 24 Surface Load

Load Step 25 Thermal Gradient

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to define a new start state

The default coefficients that these start states will have in the combination must alsobe defined:

Select Combination 1001: Vehicle Load

Enter 1.10 as coefficient 1


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Select Load Step 20: Initial Prestressing



Select Load Step 22: Self Weight



We will complete defining all coefficients by following this table:

Combination 1002 Total with Initial Prestressing

Start State Coefficient 1 Coefficient 2

CMB 1001 Vehicle Load 1.10 0.90

LS 20 Initial Prestressing 1.10 0.90

LS 22 Self Weight 1.35 1.00

LS 23 Dead Load 1.35 1.00

LS 24 Surface Load 1.50 0.00

LS 25 Thermal Gradient 1.35 1.00

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Now we define a new combination:


Enter title Total with final prestressingEnter combination number 1003

Choose type SELECTVC


Enter 6 as NADD

Click on Create

We follow the same procedure (as we did with combination rule 1002) to defineall start states and coefficients repeating the same steps with this data:

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Combination 1003 Total with Final Prestressing

Start State Coefficient 1 Coefficient 2

CMB 1001 Vehicle Load 1.10 0.90

LS 21 Final Prestressing 1.10 0.90LS 22 Self Weight 1.35 1.00

LS 23 Dead Load 1.35 1.00

LS 24 Surface Load 1.50 0.00

LS 25 Thermal Gradient 1.35 1.00

The final combination will be a combination of 1002 and 1003:


Enter title Totalwith initial or final prestressing

Enter combination number 1004

Choose type OPTION


Click on Create

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Select combination 1004

Select from List of Possible Start States( hold control key [CTRL] ):

Combination 1002 and Combination 1003


to define the 2 start states.

You can drag with the mouse the selected start states selected from the list, anddrop them on the combination tree instead of clicking the button.

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18. Carry out combinations

Prior to completing the combinations CivilFEM shows a window with the globalstatus in order to review all data before carrying out the combinations.

Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Combine Results Do combinations...

Review the information in the list window

OK to start the combination process

Before plotting results we define the viewing direction for the display:

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Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Combine ResultsREADRESULTS: By description...

Enter 1004 to read result of combination rule 1004

Select the target MZ MAX

Ok Ok

We change title:

Utility Menu: File Change Title

Enter Maximum Bending Moment MZ (All loads)

Ok

In the following step we plot the maximum bending moment MZ in each point ofthe bridge:

Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Beam Utilities Graph results Forces& Moments

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Choose Bending Mom Z

Ok

Maximum Bending Moment MZ (all loads)

MIN =-911003ELEM=43MAX =.102E+08ELEM=29

XY

Z -911003324691.156E+07.280E+07.403E+07.527E+07.650E+07.774E+07.897E+07.102E+08

Now we point to target 2: minimum bending moment MZ:


Enter 1004 to read result of combination rule 1004

Select the target MZ MIN

Ok

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We change title:


Enter Minimum Bending Moment MZ (all loads)

Ok

In the following step we plot the minimum bending moment MZ in each point of thebridge:

Main Menu: Civil Postprocessor Beam Utilities Graph results Forces& Moments

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Choose Bending Mom Z

Ok

MIN =-.116E+08ELEM=43MAX =923454ELEM=37

XY

Z

-.116E+08-.102E+08-.882E+07-.743E+07-.604E+07-.465E+07-.325E+07-.186E+07-469097923454Minimum Bending Moment MZ (all loads)

20. Calculation of the load distribution to obtain the minimum deflection at anode (all loads)

We can know which are the coefficients that multiply the Start States of a combinationand which of them can be used to achieve a Target at a determined node of thestructure. The~CMBINQcommand shows a list with the coefficients applied over

each one of the Start States that forms the combination rule.We change title:


Type Maximum negative displacement and load location (all loads)

Ok Ok

Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Combine Results INQUIRE:Nodal Results

Enter 1004 to select combination rule 1004 (all loads)

Enter node 15

Select group DISPL

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Select item and component UZ

Pick Minimum

Pick Recursively

Pick Target ValueSelect Yes Update

Ok

In the following window we can read a list of starting states that satisfy the definedtarget:

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To obtain the deflections distribution for the start states combination that satisfythe requested targets we must proceed as follows:

Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results -Contour Plot-Nodal Solu

Select DOF solution

Select Z-Component of displacement

OK

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MN

MX

XY

Z

-889507-167588

554331.128E+07

.200E+07-.439E-03

-.200E-03.399E-04

.280E-03.639E-03

DMX =.004141

SMN =-.439E-03

SMX =.639E-03

Maximum Negative Displacement and load distribution(all loads)

21. Calculation of the load distribution to obtain the minimum deflection at anode (vehicle only)


Enter Maximum negative displacement and load location (vehicle only)

Ok

Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Combine Results INQUIRE:

Nodal Results

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Enter 1001 to select combination rule 1001 (vehicle only)

Enter node 15

Select group DISPL

Select item and component UZ

Pick Minimum

Pick Recursively

Pick Target Value

Select Yes Update

Ok

In the following window we can read a list of starting states that satisfy the definedtarget :

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To obtain the deflections distribution for the start states combination that satisfythe requested targets we must proceed as follows:

Main Menu: General Postproc Plot Results -Contour Plot-Nodal Solu

Select DOF solution

Select Z-Component of displacement

OK Ok

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MN

MX

XY

Z

-.783E-03-.596E-03

-.409E-03-.221E-03

-.341E-04.153E-03

.340E-03.528E-03

.715E-03.902E-03

NODAL SOLUTION

DMX =.902E-03

SMN = -.783E-03

SMX =. 902E-03

Maximum Negative Displacement and Load Distribution (vehicle only)

22. Check by code

TARGET 1: MAX MZ

We first read the results of combination rule 1004, target 1 (maximum MZ)


Enter 1004 to read results of combination rule 1004

Select the target MZ MAX

Ok Ok

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Results will be stored in Alternative 2

TARGET 2: MIN MZ

Now we point to target 2: minimum bending moment MZ


Enter 1004 to read results of combination rule 1004

Select the target MZ MIN

Ok

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3) Cracking checking

Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post

EHE Check by Code Beams & SolidPrestress Crack

Enter maximum crack width 0.0003 m

Ok


4) Axial force + bending checking

Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post EHE

Check by Code Beams & Solid2D Axial + Bend

Ok to check model


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23. Plot Results: Axial+Bending checking for target 1 (Maximum MZ)

User must select the alternative of results calculated before:

Main Menu: CivilFEM Civil Postprocess Read Results By Num. Alt.

Enter alternative number 2Ok Ok

To plots crack checking results in prestressed concrete beams:

Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post Code

CheckingEHE Beam Results Plot Results

Select Axial + bending

Ok Select CRT_TOT

Ok

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.018621.10636

.194099.281839

.369578.457317

.545056.632795

.720534.808273

Axial + Bending Checking EHE Criterion

The represented result of checking is a criterion that indicates the proximity ordistance to the limits established by the code. An equal to one criterion indicatesthat the forces and moments are equal to the limits specified by the code. A criteriongreater than one indicates that the code is not being fulfilled and a criterion smallerthan one indicates that the code requirements are satisfied.

24. Plot Results: Axial+Bending checking for target 2 (Minimum MZ)



Enter alternative number 4

Ok Ok




Select Axial + bending

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Select CRT_TOT

Ok

.479E-10.080552

.161103.241655

.322207.402758

.48331.563862

.644413.724965

Axial + Bending Moment EHE Checking

The represented result of checking is a criterion that indicates the proximity or

distance to the limits established by the code. An equal to one criterion indicatesthat the forces and moments are equal to the limits specified by the code. A criteriongreater than one indicates that the code is not being fulfilled and a criterion smallerthan one indicates that the code requirements are satisfied.

25. Plot Results: Crack checking for target 1 (Maximum MZ)




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0.751214

1.5022.254

3.0053.756

4.5075.258

6.016.761

Crack Checking EHE Criterion

In previous graph the EHE Criterion for crack checking is plotted. Elements witha criterion (CRT_TOT) greater than 1 do not satisfy the code provisions.

This means that the reinforcement indicated in the statement would not be validin order to fulfil the established cracking criterium. In order to improve the resultsit is not necessary to increase the reinforcement area, because the bendingchecking was correct. The best solution, in this case, would be to decrease thebars spacing.

26. Plot Results: Crack checking for target 2 (Minimum MZ)




Ok Ok




Select Crack Checking

Ok Select CRT_TOT

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To plot the 2D interaction diagram:

Main Menu:CivilFEM Civil Postprocessor Prestress Concrete Post EHE

Beam Results Prestress 2D Int Diag

Select Beam as entity type

Ok Ok

Enter element number 15

Ok Select Both to add reinforced concrete interaction diagram and Ok

Ok

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28. Exit the ANSYS program

We save everything before exiting the ANSYS program.

Utility Menu: File Exit

Choose Save Everything

Choose OK

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