Watershed and Baseline Survey

*

Watershed Development

Watershed development is budgeting for the water received from precipitation

Through soil & water conservation

Harvesting of excess run off

Proper utilisation of the moisture conserved for improving productivity of crops

Cropping pattern shifts

Integrated development of area for improving the livelihood of the watershed communities

*

Watershed development

Addresses

Food security

Environment protection

Poverty mitigation

Rural migration

Energy requirements

Women empowerment

Health & hygiene

It is the survey with the set of questionnaire targeting the particular area of information to:

Understand the pre project village situation, Agriculture scenario, Land scenario, Livelihood conditions, & for benchmark.

What is Baseline Survey?

*

To capture both quantitative and qualitative information for:

Assessment of natural resources & production system,

Identifying socio economic constraints,

Find out potential options for livelihood, &

Management of:

Water,

Land,

Agriculture, &

Forest.

Why Baseline survey?

Why we should care

To identify whether there were any benefits for the investments made

Were objectives met?

What factors explain the result?

How can the program be improved?

Compare alternative models to get the biggest return for the money spend

To inform next generation projects

Evidence-based policy making demonstration effect for government

Phase 1: Design Phase

P1: Check-list

Clear objectives (what is the problem?)

Clear idea of how you will achieve the objectives

Clear and measurable indicators

Clear

Relevant (to objectives)

Monitorable

*

Use example of hypothesis

Example of a causal chain

Impact

Outcomes

Outputs

Activities

Inputs

Facilitators, Revolving fund (credit)

Forming, federating and organizing SHGs

Number of SHGs, decreased input prices

Increased use of credit for income generation, Loan repayment rates

Higher income levels

Example: APDPIP

P1: Check-list (contd)

Test the questionnaire

Ask yourself, can you answer these questions?

Are they relevant to the outcomes?

Will they be understood?

Field test: To test both how the surveyor administers the instrument AND how the respondent understands the question.

P1: Why it is important to field test

When asking a question about the level of awareness, the surveyor used a word that could mean awareness or knowledge the respondent understood it to mean education. :

Phase 2: Implementation

What would you do if you

Were a city person who didnt speak the local language very well

Had to travel to several villages and spend hours asking people questions that have no relevance to you.

Were paid a small sum per questionnaire

Not monitored by supervisors

This is not your full time job

The answer is simple

Sit at home or at kitli and fill out the questionnaires!!

Phase 3: Data Entry and Analysis

P3: Check-list

Data Entry

Make the data entry system as fool proof as possible - has unique identifiers to link both household, village and GIS data

Ensure database allows for merging of data

Do not change/erase data on questionnaires

Raw data should always be input as is, changes can then be made in the database software (programatically) with documentation

P3: Check-list (contd)

Often data entry is contracted out.

Name variables corresponding to the question and section in the questionnaire include a dictionary

Code descriptive answers (to facilitate analysis)

All fields should be filled (NA or NR)

Units should be uniform by all districts

Totals calculated by formula not from summary column

Consistency checks check for missing entries, wrong entries, sample statistics, patterns (queries should be inbuilt)

Validity checks similar questions in different places on the questionnaire (RCH example)

P3: Check-list (contd)

Data analysis

Common mistakes in interpreting data

No analysis!

No correlations, crosstabs, statistical significance levels or regressions

Over generalizing the results

Mis-reporting statistics

Using % when the numbers are small

Types of Baseline Survey

Socio Economic Survey (Door to Door Survey)

Bio-Physical Survey

Field to Field Survey)

*

Household Information

Population & Gender Information

To identify village Agriculture Situation

Migration Information

CPR & Wage Employment

To identify crops and fertilizer information

To identify different Water Sources

To identify present Livelihood situation

Bio-physical Survey

Natural Resources

Household Census

Geo-referenced data collection of particular natural resources.Geo-referenced soil sample collection from representative area.Survey number wise collection of land details about land acreage, ownership, crop cultivated(season), irrigation source and season details.

Bio-physical survey

Baseline survey

*

Role of WDT in Baseline Survey

Preliminary village meeting

Mention the objective of the survey clearly

Ensure correct information is to be given

To collect qualitative data

Summarize data of Baseline survey

Prepare action plan for WDP accordingly

!PS]8]\AGL 5FIFGL DFlCTL DF8[G]\ 5lZlXQ8

!P;FDFgI DFlCTL ov

!P!UFD PPPPPPPPPPPPP !PZ O/LIF PPPPPPPPPPPP !P# TF,]SF PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP !P$ lH

ZPZS]8]\AGF SM. ;eI DFGl;S q XFlZZLS q GA/F.YL 5L0FI K[ m

CF q GF PPPPPPPPPPPPP

HM CF4 TM lJUTM VF5M s p5Z VF5[, VG]S|D G\AZ VF5Mf

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#HDLG4 l;\RF. sHDLG V[SZDF\f

#P!5MTFGL HDLG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP#PZEF0F 58M ,LW[, HDLG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P#EF0F 58'[ VF5[, HDLGPPPPPPPPPPPPP#P$S], B[NF6JF/L HDLG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P5SFIDL 50TZ HDLG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP#P&50TZ HDLG s5MTFGLfPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P*l5IT HDLG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP #P(lAG l5IT HDLG PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#P)l5IT lJ:TFZ VG[ :+MT PPPPPPPPPPPP

kT]

lJ:TFZ

:+MT sS[JL ZLT[ XFGFYL l5IT SZ[ K[f

RMDF;]

lXIF/M

pGF/M

#P!_l5ITGF :+MTGL DFlCTL

l5ITGM :+MT

5lZl:YlT

;\bIF

GLR[GF DF; V\lTT H/ ;5F8L sO]8DF\f

;%8[dAZ v Z_PPPP

O[A|]VFZL v Z_PPPP

D[ v Z_PPPPP

S]JFVM

;]SF

JTF

AMZ

;]SF

JTF

#P!!5FSM VG[ p5H sp5H SL,M q C[S8Zf

kT]

5FSM

lJ:TFZ sC[S8Zf

p5H s SL,M q C[S8Zf

RMDF;]

lXIF/M

pGF/M

$P5X]VMGL DF,LSL s;\bIFf ov

UFI o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPE[\; o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPA/N o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPJFKZ0Lq5F0L o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

3[8F o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPASZF o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPVgI o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPS], 5X]VM o PPPPPPPPPPPPP

S], N}W pt5FNG s ,L8Z q DF; f PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

RMDF;FDF\ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPlXIF/FDF\ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPpGF/FDF\ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

5P;FWG ;FDU|L s CF q GF f

DSFG o 5FS] o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPSFR] o PPPPPPPPPPPA/N UF0] o PPPPPPPPPPPPPP,F.8 q JLH/L o PPPPPPPPP

HFH~ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP8[=S8Z o PPPPPPPPPP;FIS, o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPDM8Z ;FIS, o PPPPPPPPPPP

DM8ZSFZ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP8LPJLP o PPPPPPPPPZ[0LIM o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPDMAF.,qOMG o PPPPPPPPPP

O|LH o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPVgI slJUT NXF"JJLfo PPPPPPPPPPP

&P5LJFGF 5F6L V\U[GL DFlCTL o

kT]

5F6LGM :+MT

ZC[6F\SYL V\TZ sSLPDLPf

5F6L ,FJJFDF\ ,FUTM ;DI sS,FSf

RMDF;]

lXIF/M

pGF/M

*BMZFS J5ZFX

*P!X]\ S]8]\AGM D]bI DF6; Z[XGSF0" WZFJ[ K[ m CF q GF PPPPPPPPPP

*PZS[JF 5|SFZG]\ sZ\Uf o PPPPPPPPPP

*P#NZ DCLG[ J5ZFX sSL,M U|FDf ov

VGFH q S9M/GL lJUT

UIF JQF[" J5ZFX sSL,MU|FDf

B[TLDF\ ;F~ JQF" CMI tIFZ[ J5ZFX sSL,MU|FDf

5]ZTF BMZFS DF8[ H~ZLIFTsSLU|Ff

VGFH

S9M/

*P$5MTFGF :+MTYL BMZFSGL 5|F%ITF s DF;DF\f PPPPPPPPPPPPP

*P5S], GF\6F pKLGF q jIFH[ ,LW[, CMI TM T[GL lJUTM ov

GF6F\ WLZGFZPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP;UFVM q lD+M PPPPPPPPPPPPP

V[;PV[RPP q ALHFVMPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPA[\S PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPVgI o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

(VFJSGM D]bI :+MT s~FP q JQF"f

(P!B[TL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP(PZB[T DH]ZL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP(P#VgI DH]ZL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

(P$5X]5F,G PPPPPPPPPPPP(P5GMSZL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP(P&W\WM PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

(P*5[gXGZ q VFlzTPPPPPPPPPP(P(:Y/F\TZYL PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP(P)VgI slJUT ,BJLfPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

)UF{RZ HDLG VG[ H\U,DF\YL D/TF ,FEM

,FEM

S. HDLGDF\YL s DFYFNL9 HyYMf

5MTFGL HDLG

;FD]lCS HDLG q H\U,

BZLNL SZLG[

3F;

A/T6

DSFG q OGL"RZ DF8[ ,FS0]

O/M

VgI v !

VgI v Z

!_,FEM q IMHGFDF\ EFULNFZLYL D/TF ,FEM q B[TL4 V[;PV[RPP4 l5IT4 H\U,4 -MZ lJU[Z[G[ ,UTF 5|MH[S8DF\YL D/TF ,FEM q VgI

IMHGFG]\ GFD

,FEGM 5|SFZ q EFULNFZL

SIFZYL m

sS]8]\AGF DF8[ GD]GMf

!!5FSM o H~ZLIFT q BR" VG[ pt5FNG sD]bI 5FSM DF8[f

5FSG]\ GFD

RMDF;]

lXIF/M

pGF/M

lJ:TFZ sV[SZf

!P lAG l5IT

DF8L5F/F JM8ZX[0 5|MH[S8 q ALHFVM DFZOT

HDLG ,[J,L\U JM8ZX[0 5|MH[S8 q ALHFVM DFZOT

lAIFZ6 5|SFZ

lAIFZ6GM BR"

BFTZGM J5ZFXslSPU|FDDF\f

I]ZLIF

0LPV[P5LP

V[;PV[;P5LP

VgI PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

BFTZG]\ S], BR"

H\T]GFXSGM BR"

l5ITGM :+MT

:+MTGL ;\bIF

l5ITGM BR"

D]bI pt5FNG

K[

ZPH{JEF{lTS sAFIMOLhLS,f VFWFZE}T 5+S VG[ JM8ZX[0 ;FZJFZ s;FWGLS sZL;M;"f4 GSXFVM VG[ DFlCTL5+S DF8[GM GD]GMf

DFgI lJQFI VFWFlZT GSXFVMP

!PHDLGGF 5|SFZ NXF"JTF Z\UM

5L/Mov hZ6FG[ lSGFZF p5Z VFJ[,L ;DY/ HDLG4 5M58 H[JM ,L,Mov KHFGF -F/4 ;5|DF6 -F/4 U],FALov ;FWFZ6 -F/4 JFN/Lov DwID -F/4 ,F,ov pEM -F/4 3[ZM ,L,M ov VgI ;FNL HDLG4 E]ZM ov B0SF/P

ZP%,M8DF\YL 5F6LGF 5|JFCGL NLXF WG]QFG]\ lGXFG SZL ATFJM4 %,M8DF\YL ACFZ HJFGM DFU" lGXFGL SZL ATFJMP

#PSFDR,Fp 5F6L EZL ZC[,M lJ:TFZ VYJF SFDR,Fp hZ6FDF\YL 5]Z lGXFGL SZL ATFJMP

!PH]NF H]NF 5|SFZGL HDLG J5ZFX Z\UMDF\ NXF"JMP

5L/Mov B[TL4 ,F,ov AFUFIT4 JFN/Lov RF,] 50TZ4 3[ZM ,L,Mov J'1FM s VMKFDF\ VMKF #_ YL $_@ lJ:TFZ J'1FMGL KFIFYL 3[ZFI[,M CMJM HM.V[PHM J'1FMG]\ K+ &_@ SZTF\ JWFZ[ CMI TM JWFZ[ ZC[/M4 5M58L ,L,Mov GFGM KM0 5FSG]\ K+4 U],FALov 3F; HDLG VYJF UF{RZ BZFAM 4 E}ZMov pHH0 HDLG sB0SM NXF"JM4 K+YLf DM;\ALv VgI J5ZFX sHM H~ZLIFT CMI TM R6TZ NXF"JL BF6M lJU[Z[ H]NF H]NF 5|SFZGF K+YL q lGXFGLYL NXF"JMf

ZPsVfB[TLGF 5FSM o 5|N[XGL V\NZ B[TLGF H]NF H]NF 5FSM IMuI SSFJFZ HM0 5|DF6[ NXF"JM4 NFPTP C- S5F; R- RMBF4 W- 3\p lJU[Z[sAfAFUFIT 5FSM o T[JLH ZLT[ AFU sO/Fpf 5FSM NFPTP A - ;OZHG4 B - S[/F4 M S[ZL4 lJU[Z[

sSfJ'1FM o T[JLH ZLT 5|N[XGL V\NZ ALHF hF0MGL HuIFVM GLR[ H6FJ[, 8[A, DF8[ H~ZL K[P NFPTP P - 5F.G4 N - ,L\A0M4 M - DC]0M lJU[Z

lJQFI VFWFlZT GSXM ! o HDLG 5|SFZ q HDLGGL XlST

lJQFI VFWFlZT GSXM Z o HDLGGM RF,] p5IMU VG[ 5FSGL HFTM

!PYLD[8LS GSXF v Z GF lS:;FDF\ J5ZFTL H]NL H]NL HDLGGF Z\UM NXF"JMP

ZPH]NL H]NL ;FZJFZ H[JLS[ FBovB[TZGF 5F/F4 CDovR[S0[D4 LBSovB]

8[A, G\P Z o RF,] sVUFpGM 5|MH[S8f HDLG J5ZFX

!P

;J[" G\P q U[8 G\P

!f GSXF p5Z ATFjIF 5|DF6[ GD]GF ! DF\ V[S %,M8 p5Z V[S AFH] HJFGF DFU[" ;JF,G] 5]GZFJT"G SZJFGL H~Z GYLP

Zf lJ:TFZ C[S8Z VG[ V[SZDF\

#f V[V[, v B[TL4 V[RV[,v AFU lJ7FG4 ;LV[Ov RF,] 50TZ4 8L v hF04 V[; v KM0JF V[, q 5LV[, v 3F; HDLG VYJF UF{RZ ALV[, v 50TZ HDLG4 VMv ALHM p5IMU

$f GM\W V[SH RMSS; JQF" DF8[ 5FSM HDLG J5ZFX DF8[GF GSXFDF\ VF5[, 5FSM kT] N[BF0M 5]ZJ6LYL s!v BZLO DF8[4 Z v ZlJ DF8[4 # v pGF/]4 $ v JFlQF"S DF8[4 5 v SFIDL DF8[ H[DS[ O/Fp J'1FMf JTFGL lGXFGLYL lDzLT 5FSM ATFJM V

&f V[GVF. v l5IT GCL4 0A

8[A, # o ;]lRT HDLG J5ZFX VG[ HDLG VFWFZLT ;FRJJFGF p5FIMP

!P;J[" G\P q U[8 G\P

ZPDF,LSLGM 5|SFZ s 8[A, G\P! D]NF G\P# VFWFZLT PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#PCF,GM HDLG J5ZFX s5FS VG[ ALG5FS HDLG VFWFZLT 8[A, G\P Z D]NF G\P# p5Zf

$PCF,GL HDLGGL 1FDTF sV[f B[TZGL RSF;6L s8[A, G\P! D]NF G\P!_ p5Z VFWFZLTfPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

sALfB[0]TMGL ;DH s8[A, G\P! D]NF !! p5Z VFWFZLTfPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

V[PALG B[TL HDLG DF8[ ;]lRT J5ZFX q B[0F6 JUZGL HDLG

!fJGLSZ6

ZfRZLIF6 lJSF; sJ'1FM ;FY[ 3F;LIF HDLGf

#fB[TL ;FY[ J'1FJFJ[TZ sX[-[5F/[ J'1F JFJ[TZf

$fAFUFIT v UF{RZ

5f;]SL HDLG q l5IT AFUFIT

&f:YFlGS 5lZl:YlTDF\ VgI SM. sH6FJMf

BFGUL DF,LSL56FGF lS:;FDF\ B[0]T ;FY[ lJ:T'T RRF" SZL HDLGGM p5IMU GSSL SZM VG[ ;lDTL ;FY[ q s;FDFgIDF\ p5IMU DF8[ J5ZFX SZGFZ U|]5f

GM\W ov NZ[S %,M8 DF8[ H]NM SFU/ EZJMP

;]lRT HDLG p5IMU

8=L8D[g8 q SFDULZL

lJ:TFZ q G\P

,\AF.

S=M; ;[S;G

KM0JFGL ;\bIF

lAIFZ6 SL8 sSLPU|FPf

JGLSZ6 q OZL JGLSZ6q RZLIF6 v UF{RZ lJSF; q B[TL ;FY[ J'1F JFJ[TZ;FY[ J'1F JFJ[TZ sX[-[5F/[ JFJ[TZfq ;]SL HDLG AFUFIT q AFUFIT v UF{RZ q VgI SM. sH6FJMf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

;TT 5lZWFS|F\TL sSg8]Z 8=[\Rf BF.

5F6L R];L ,[TL

BF. q BF0FVM

5tYZ 5F/F

5tYZGFq DF8LGF q JFG:5lTSGF GF/F %,U

BMNSFD q T/FJM

;]lRT HDLG p5IMU

8=L8D[g8 q SFDULZL

lJ:TFZ q G\P

,\AF.

S=M; ;[S;G

KM0JFGL ;\bIF

lAIFZ6 SL8 sSLPU|FPf

B\0 A\WM

J\T JF0

3F;GF A[0

JFJ[TZ DF8[ BF0F BMNJF

U8ZG[ J/F\S VF5JM q U8ZM V[SALHFDF\ E[/JJLP

VgI SM. o

ALf;]lRT HDLG J5ZFX v B[TGL HDLG o 5FSGL B[TL s OST V[SH JBT JZ;FNYL YI[, 5FS f q A[ JZ;FNL 5FS q l5ITYL YI[, 5FS q l5IT AFUFIT q B[TL ;FY[ AFUFIT q VgI SM. sH6FJMf

B[0]T ;FY[ lJUTJFZ RRF" SZL HDLGGM J5ZFX GSSL SZM

GM\W ov NZ[S %,M8 DF8[ V,U SFU/DF\ D]NF EZJFGF ov

;]lRT HDLG p5IMU

8=L8D[g8 q SFDULZL

lJ:TFZ q G\P

,\AF.

S=M; ;[S;G

KM0JFGL ;\bIF

lAIFZ6 SL8 sSLPf

5FSGL B[TL q l5IT AFUFIT q B[TL ;FY[ AFUFIT q VgI SM. sH6FJMf PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

OFD" A\0 sB[TZ 5F/Ff

Sg8]Z A\0

5tYZ VG[ DF8LGF A\W sH]NFH]NF EFUMG]f

Sd5F8"D[g8 A\WM

U[|0[0 A\WM

5tYZ q5F.5 wJFZF A\WGF JWFZFGF 5F6LGM lGSF,

J\T A\WM q JFG:5lTS VFJZ6 WZFJTF A\WM

BF0F BMN[,F q T/FJM

HDLG ;DT/LSZ6

5tYZGFq DF8LGF q JG:5lTGF GF/F %,U

;]lRT HDLG p5IMU

8=L8D[g8 q SFDULZL

lJ:TFZ q G\P

,\AF.

S=M; ;[S;G

KM0JFGL ;\bIF

lAIFZ6 SL8 sSLPf

%,U

JFJ[TZ DF8[ BF0F BMNJF

U8ZG[ J/F\S VF5JM q U8ZM V[SALHFDF\ E[/JJLP

VgI SM. o

GM\W o V[S U[.8 G\AZG[ V[S SZTF JWFZ[ HDLG JU" VG[ HDLG J5ZFX CMI VG[ T[JF lS:;FDF\ NZ[S H]NF H]NF J5ZFXM GM\WMP

H[ A\W CIFT K[ T[GL DHA]TF.GF lS:;FDF\ OST JWFZFG]\ DF8LSFD VG[ S=M; ;[SXG pD[ZMP

8[A, o $D]bI 0[=.G[h ,F.GGL DFJHTM

!P0LP5LPVFZPDF\ 0LhF.GGL lJUTM VF5M 0[=.G[hsU8ZfGL ,F.GGL DF56L ;FY[P

ZPSFDULZLGM 5|SFZ ,FEFYL" q p5EMSTF H}Y q JM8ZX[0 ;lDlT ;FY[ RRF" SIF" 5KL :Y/ p5Z GSSL SZMP

:8=SRZG]\ GFD G\AZ ;FY[ sA\G[ AFH]GF ;J[" G\AZf

GNL q GF/F q JMS/F q SMTZG]\ :YFlGS GFD

;J[" G\AZM H[G[ ,FE YJFGL XSITF K[

,\AF.

V\NFT 5CM/F.

p\RF.

S=M; ;[SXG

s HM ,FU] 50T] CMIf

R[S0[D v !

R[S0[D vZ

,}h AM

:8=SRZG]\ GFD G\AZ ;FY[ sA\G[ AFH]GF ;J[" G\AZf

GNL q GF/F q JMS/F q SMTZG]\ :YFlGS GFD

;J[" G\AZM H[G[ ,FE YJFGL XSITF K[

,\AF.

V\NFT HF0F.

p\RF.

S=M; ;[SXG

s HM ,FU] 50T] CMIf

VG]zJ6 T/FJ

UFD T/FJ q T/FJ

T/FJG]\ 0L;L

!5P

5F6LGL SJM,L8L

)f 5F6LG]\ ,[J, V[DFGF 0A

Z&P

HF/J6L V\U[GL lJUT

V9JF0LI] VG[ !_ V9JF0LIF ZlJDF\ VFZGL VFU/ !Z4 !_ ,BMP

Z!f DL8ZDF\ ,[J,DF\ 50[ K[ T[ ,BM VG[ ;DI S,FSDF\ D]SM T[DF\YL NFPTP p5ZGL kT] DF8[ 5d5L\UGF ,[J, DF8[ HM ,[J, # DL8Z 50[ TM VG[ HM !Z S,FS ,FU[ ZlJ DF8[ BM8 5]ZL TM ,BM VFZP#4 !Z

ZZf V[ v SFRL GC[Z4 AL v 5FSL GC[Z4 ;L v B[TZYL B[TZ4 0L v 5F.5,F.G4 . v O]JFZF4 V[O v 85S4 v VgI sH6FJMf

Z#f NZ[S kT]DF\ S], lJ:TFZ l5IT YTM H6FJM C[S8Z VG[ V[SZDF\

Z$fNZ[S kT] 5|DF6[ H]NF H]NF 5FS DF8[ VF5JFDF\ VFJTF 5F6L l5ITGL ;\bIF ,BM

Z5f HM VF :+MTYL J5ZFT] 5F6L ALHF SM. :+MTG[ V;Z SZ[ TM VYJF ALHF SM. :+MTYL J5ZFT] 5F6L VF :+MTG[ V;Z SZ[ TM CF ,BM GlC TM GF ,BM HM CF TM SIF :+MTYL S[JL ZLT[ V;Z SZ[ K[ T[GL GM\W SZMP

Z&f V[ v SM. HF/J6L GYL4 ALv ;FWFZ6 HF/J6L4 ;L v ;FZL ZLT[ HF/J6LP HM ;D]C :+MT HF/J6L V\U[ jIJ:YFGL lJUT ,BMP HF/J6LGL jIJ:YF O\0 ;FY[ VG[ HJFANFZL ;FY[GL GM\W ,BMP

Z*

SM. BF; DFlCTL VYJF HDLGGF VG[ 5FSGF J5ZFX DF8[ B[0]TGM SM. 5|`G CMI TM lJUTJFZ GM\W SZM VG[ 8LSFv8L%56GL lJUT ,BM

#PUFD S1FFV[ DFlCTL ov J:TL4 7FlT4 HDLGGL DF,LSL VG[ ALP5LPV[,P S]8]\AM

UFDG]\ GFD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPS]8]\AMGF GFD PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPTF,]SFG]\ GFDPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

lH

ZPUFDDF\ VgI 5|F%I ;]lJWFVM o

ZP!S[/J6LGL ;UJ0TF

VPG\P

5|SFZ

HuIF q :Y/

V\TZ sSLPDLPf

5CM\RJFGF Z:TFGM 5|SFZ

!P

5|FYlDSXF/F

ZP

DFwIlDSXF/F

#P

prR q prRTZ DFwIlDS XF/F

$P

V;FDFgI lX1F6 S[gN=

5P

HM VgI SM. CMI TM sH6FJMf

ZPZVFZMuI ;UJ0TF

5|SFZ

UFDDF\ 5|F%I K[

sCF q GFf

HM GF TM VgI :Y/[ UFDYL V\TZ sSLPDLPf

5CM\RJFGF Z:TFGF 5|SFZ HM UFDGL ACFZ CMI TM S[gN=DF\ 5CM\RJFGM ;DI

5U[ RF,LG[

JFCGYL

5|FYlDS VFZMuI S[gN=

5[8F S[gN=

NJFBFG] q 0L:5[g;ZL

BFGUL SJM,LOF.0 0MS8Z

NJFGL N]SFG

VgI sH6FJMf

ZP#VgI DSFGM VG[ 5|F%I GFUlZS ;]lJWFVM

VPG\P

;UJ0TFVM

UFDGL V\NZ s CF q GFf

HM GF TM V\TZ s SLPDLPf

lZDFS";

!P

5\RFIT SR[ZL

ZP

s5M:8 VMOL;f 85F, SR[ZLP

#P

VF\U6JF0L

$P

sA; :8M5f A; :8[d0P

5P

HFC[Z 8[,LOMG

&P

A[\S

*P

AHFZ q DFS["8

(P

;CSFZL D\0/L

ZP$5LJFGF 5F6LGL ;]lJWF o

VPG\P

5|SFZ

S], ;\bIF

SFI"gJLT CF q GF

!P

HFC[Z S]JF

ZP

BFGUL S]JF

#P

HFC[Z 0\SL sC[g0 5\5f

$P

BFGUL 0\SL sC[g0 5\5f

5P

HFC[Z 5F6LGM G/

&P

3ZGL V\NZ 5F6L DF8[ GFB[, 5F.5,F.G

*P

GNL

(P

VgI s;UJ0TFVMf

$P5LPVFZPV[P 5[NFX G\P ! DF8[ R[S,L:8 s lJQFI o HDLG4 l5IT VG[ 5FSM V\U[ UFDGF 5|`GMf

!P!HDLG J5ZFX VG[ l5IT

VPG\P

JF5ZJFDF\ VFJTL HDLGGL D]bI lJUTM

CF,GL l:YlTV[

K[

!P#B[TLGL 5[NFXGF J5ZFX VG[ AHFZGF D]bI :+MTM

D]bI :+MTM

UFDDF\ 5[NFXGM J5ZFX

ACFZUFD AHFZ q DFS["8L\U

UFDYL V\TZ sSLPDLPf

UFDGL V\NZ BFGUL J[5FZLVM

UFDGL V\NZ ;CSFZL D\0/LVM

UFDGL ACFZ BFGUL J[5FZLVM

UFDGL ACFZ VgI :+MTM

VgI :+MTM sH6FJMf

!P$7FlT VG[ HDLGGL DF,LSL

D]bI 7FlTVM

HDLG JUZGF 3ZsS]8\]AMf

HDLG WZFJTF S]8\]AM sB[0]TMf

S],

!P VMPALP;LP o

ZP ALP;LP o

#P V[;P;LP o

$P V[;P8LP o

5P VgI o

!P5l5IT ;UJ0TFGL DF,LSL

VPG\P

B[0]TMGF 5|SFZ

B[0]TM GL S], ;\bIF

S], lJ:TFZ V[SZDF\

S], lJ:TFZ V[SZDF\

l5IT K[ T[JF B[0]TMGL ;\bIF

JZ;FN VFWFlZT B[TL

VF\lXS l5IT

l5IT

S],

50TZ

V[S 5FS

A[ 5FS

+6 5FS

S],

l5ITGF S], :+MT

T[ 5{SL SFIF"gJLT :+MT

:+MT !

:+MT Z

!P

DM8F B[0}T

ZP

GFGF B[0}T

#P

;LDF\T B[0}T

$P

VgIGL HDLG JFJTF B[0}T

5P

VgI

S],PPPP

GM\W o V[,PV[DP v DM8F B[0]TM4 V[;PV[OP v GFGF B[0]TMV[DPV[OP v l;DF\T B[0]TMV[OPV[PV[, v B[0]TM OF/J[, HDLG ;FY[

5P5LPVFZPV[P 5[NFX G\P Z DF8[ R[S,L:8 slJQFI o GMSZL4 ZMHUFZL4 :Y/F\TZ VG[ VFJSf

ZP!ZMHUFZLGM EFJ 5]~QFM q :+LVM DF8[ s~FPq lNJ;f

5|J'lTVM

BZLO sRMDF;]f

ZlJslXIF/]f

pGF/]

:+L

5]~QFM

:+L

5]~QFM

:+L

5]~QFM

UFDGL V\NZ B[T DH]ZL

UFDGL ACFZ B[T DH]ZL

UFDGL V\NZ GL\NJ]

UFDGL ACFZ GL\\NJ]

UFDGL V\NZ DM,FT SF56L

UFDGL ACFZ DM,FTSF56L

K]8S DH]ZL

V[GPVFZP.PPV[P SFD

pnMU q SFZBFGF

R6TZSFD q S0LIF SFD

VgI sH6FJMf

UFDGL V\NZ X]\ V[GPVFZP.PPV[P VD,DF\ D]SJFDF\ VFJL K[ sCF q GFfPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

HM CF TM lJUTM VF5M s 5|J'lTGF 5|SFZ4 JFlQF"S ;DIUF/M4 S[8,F S]8]\A4 X]\ 5|SFZGF SFDM V[GPVFZP.PPV[P DF\ K[fPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

X]\ SM. DH]Z EFULNFZL ZLT K[ m CF q GF PPPPPPPPPPPP

HM CF TM lJUT VF5MPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

X]\ SM. S]8]\AM K[ S[ H[VM DH]ZLGL VKT EMUJTF CMI m s:+L S]8]\AGF J0F TZLS[ CMI T[J]\ S]8]\Af

CF q GFPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

lJUT VF5MPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

ZPZVFJSGF D]bI :+MT

VPG\P

VFJSGM D]bI :+MT

S]8]\AGL ;\bIF

!

B[TL

Z

5X]5F,G q -MZ

#

K]8S DH]ZL sB[TLDF\ VG[ VgIf

$

SFZLUZ VFWFZLT 5|J'lTVM

5

GMSZL

&

ZMHDNZ s0[.,LJ[Hf EFJYL DH]ZL D[/JTF DH]Z s B[TL VG[ ALG B[TLf

*

VgI sH6FJMf

ZP#:Y/F\TZ

VPG\P

lJUTM

K[

&P5LPVFZPV[P 5[NFX G\P# s lJQFI o B[0]TGF N[JF ;\A\lWT D]NFVMf

VPG\P

lWZF6 ,[JFGF D]bI :+MT

:+MTDF\YL lWZF6 ,[TF S]8]\AGF D]bI DF6;GM V\NFT BR"

jIFHGM NZ

lWZF6 R]SJJF DF8[ SM. S]8]\AGF J0FG[ HDLG J[RJL 50[, K[

lWZF6 ,[JFGF SFZ6M

lZDFS";

!

;\:YFSLI sA[\S ;CSFZLf

Z

5{;F WLZGFZ

#

lD+M q ;UFVM

$

:J;CFI H}Y

5

VgI o

lWZF6 DFU6L DF8[GL kT]VM sAgG[ pt5FNSLI VG[ J5ZFX DF8[GLf VG[ 5]ZJ9FGL o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

pt5FNG VG[ ,MGGF J5ZFX jIFHGF :+MT NXF"JLG[ 56 TOFJTGM NZ ULZF ;FY[ VG[ ULZF JUZ o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

lWZF6 VF5JF ,[JFGL SFI"5wWlT H6FJM VG[ UFDGL V\NZ T[GL J;],FT DF8[GL jIJ:YF o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

*P5LPVFZPV[P 5[NFX G\P$ DF8[G]\ R[S,L:8 slJQFI o ;FJ"HGLS lD

J'1FM o

HDLGGF 5|SFZ

J'1FM VFrKFNLT lJ:TFZ s8SFf

J'1FMGL D]bI HFTM

J5ZFX

H\U, HDLG

B[T HDLG

BFGUL BZFAF q RZLIF6 HDLG

DC[;],L BZFAF q RZLIF6 BZFAF

A/T6 o

ZPK jIlSTVMGL ;\bIFJF/F S]8]\A DF8[ A/T6GL X]\ H~ZLIFT K[ m PPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

#PA/T6GM :+MT o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

$PA/T6 5|F%ITFGL kT] o

kT]

;Z[ZFX V\TZ4 A/T6G]\ ,FS0] ,FJJF DF8[G]\ NZ[S NLJ;[ ;Z[ZFX V\TZ

VF SFDULZL SM6 SZ[ K[ m

RMDF;]

lXIF/]

pGF/]

5PA/T6GF ,FS0F 5;\N SZJF V\U[ 5;\NULGF J'1FMGL HFTM o

(5LPVFZPV[P 5[NFX G\P5 DF8[ R[S,L:8 slJQFI o UFDGF 5X]VMGL lJUTf

-MZGF 5|SFZ

5X]VMGL V\NFH[ ;\bIF

5X]VM WZFJTF S]8\]AMGL V\NFH[ ;\bIF

;Z[ZFX N]W pt5FNG

,L8Z q lNJ;

;Z[ZFX SL\DT

~FP q ,L8Z

ASZF

3[8F

UFI v ,MS, s:YFlGSf

UFI v hZ;L sCF.A|L0f

E[\; v ,MS, s:YFlGSf

E[\; v CF.A|L0

A/N

5X]5F,G jIJ:YF DF8[ 8[SFGL ZLT

5X]5F,G jIJ:YF V\U[GL lJUT

:+MT

lJUT

3F;

5F6L

T\N]Z:TL ;FRJ6L

pt5FNGG]\ AHFZ

5X] DF8[ AHFZ sJ[RF6 q BZLNLf

S[8,F S]8]\A DF8[ JG lGJF"C DF8[ 5X]5F,G D]bI :+MT K[ m

H]NF H]NF S]8]\AMGF 5|SFZ DF8[ 3F;RFZFGF D]bI :+MT X]\ K[ m

S]8]\AGF 5|SFZM

3F;RFZFGF :+MTM

3F;RFZFGL VKTGF DlCGFVM

5X]5F,G DF8[ D]bI V0R6M

HDLG lJCM6F S]8\]AM

l5IT JUZGF GFGF q ;LDF\T B[0]TM

l5IT JUZGF DM8F B[0]TM

l5IT ;FY[GF GFGF q ;LDF\T B[0]TM

l5IT ;FY[GF DM8F B[0]TM

)5LPVFZPV[P 5[NFX G\P & R[S,L:8 slJQFI o UFDDF\ B[TL SFDULZLGL ;FDFgI ZLTf

DM8F EFUGF 5FSM kT]VM 5|DF6[ pUF0JFDF\ VFJTF CMI T[GL DFlCTL o B[0}TG]\ GFD o PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

VPG\P

lJUTM

BZLO

ZlJ

pGF/]

5FS !

5FS Z

5FS #

5FS !

5FS Z

5FS #

5FS !

5FS Z

5FS #

!

lJ:TFZ o

Z

5FSG]\ GFD

#

lAIFZ6GM 5|SFZ

$

lAIFZ6GM HyYM q V[SZ

5

lAIFZ6G]\ BR" q V[SZ

KF6LIF BFTZGM J5ZFX sSL,M U|FD q JQF"f

&

KF6LIF BFTZG]\ BR" q V[SZ

*

ZF;FI6LS BFTZGM p5IMU sSL,M U|FD q V[SZf

v I]ZLIF

v 0LPV[P5LP

v V[DMGLID ;

Information collected

1. Socio-economic status of the farmers and landless people (household and demographic characteristics, land ownership, land use, livestock and other assets), crop production, cropping patterns, yields, markets and livelihood opportunities;

2. Soil characteristics, climate, cropping systems, their productivity and

inputs (GIS maps were prepared for soil types, soil depth and crops grown in the village);

3. Soil, water, nutrient and pest management practices followed by the villagers;

4. Production constraints, yield gaps and opportunities for crop intensification.

How to manage the common errors

CAPACITY BUILDING

Phase 1: Design

Clear objectives and hypotheses know what you want to test

Identify a person in your unit who will manage this process

Phase 2: Implementation

Organize an impact evaluation workshop if necessary

Pay reasonable wages to surveyors (if possible)

Show the client and firm that you care

Lets recap what you have learned

The devil lies in the detail

Be watchful

No pain, No gain

Thanks

*

!P S]8]\AGL 5FIFGL DFlCTL DF8[G] \ 5lZlXQ8

!P ;FDFgI DFlCTL ov

!P! UFD PPPPPPPPPPPPP !PZ O/LIF PPPPPPPPPPPP !P# TF,]SF PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP !P$ lH