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Water resources planning

and developmentPREPARED BY

INDRA DEO PANDEY

ID:12BTCENG082

SHIATS, ALLAHABAD


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Content

Levels in planning, Functionalrequirements of water resourcesprojects, steps in water resourcesplanning, Environmental aspects inwater resources planning.


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Introduction

Water available in atmosphere,oceans, on land and with in soil.

Hydrological cycle main responsiblefor this.

water resources engineeringconcerned with utiliation, control

and quality management of water.


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!evelopment of water resourcesinvolve conception, planning, design,construction and operation facilitiesto control and utilie water.

!evelopment of water resources afunction of civil engineers.


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Levels of planning

". Local level

#. $egional level

%. &tate level

'. (ational level

). *nternational level


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Local level

+lanned for a small area or village.

Watershed development plan forvillage.

$ain water harvesting technique.

hec- dams, village tan-sconstructed.


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Regional level

omparatively large area withseveral villages.

onstruction of irrigation schemes.


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State level

When regional level planning coversseveral districts of state.

(armada water supply pipe networ-in &aurashtra region.


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National level

Water resources planning carried formajor river basin of a river.

&ardar &arovar dam over river(armada beneciary for /ujarat,0aharashtra, 0adhyapradesh,$ajasthan.


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International level

$iver running across neighboringnations planning need atinternational level.

$iver 1osi, rises in (epal2 Himalayasand 3ows in 4ihar and nally meetsriver /anga.


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Water resources project

&ingle purpose project

0ultipurpose project


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Single purpose project

!esigned and operate to serve onlyone purpose.

*rrigation project

Water supply project

(avigation project

Fishing project


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Multi purpose project

0ulti purpose project designed to

operate two or more purpose.


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Water resources planning

&tatement of objectives

ollection of data

+rojections for future+roject formulation

+roject evaluation


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Statement of objectives

6bjective would be based on need ofthe region.

For national govt. it may for

achieving ma7imum economic andsocial benets.

For state govt. it may be to reduce

3ood damage.For village panchayats, it may be for

water supply or irrigation purpose.


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Collection of data

(A)General data()+hysical data2 location, sie,

climate, history, population, etc.

()Hydrological data2 precipitation,evaporation, transpiration, stream3ow, sediment, water quality, etc.

()/eological data2 e7plorations,geological formations, roc- and soiltype, ground water availability,

minerals, erosion, etc.


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(B) Special data

9gricultural data2 crop waterrequirements, climatic data, types ofcrops, etc.

0unicipal water supply data2drin-ing water needs, industrialwater needs, quality of water, etc.

Hydroelectric power data2 e7isting

and required capacities, alternativesource of power, etc.

Flood control data2 record of past

3oods, e7tent of past 3ooding and


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(avigation data2 present watertra:ic patterns, alternative means oftransportation, etc.

$ecreation data2 presentrecreational facilities, natural

attraction, scenic data, etc.Fish and wild life data2 types of

shes and wild life, biological data in

respect of species and their habits,protection requirements, etc.

+ollution control data2 e7isting waste

discharge methods, location, time


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rojection of future

Water resources project usuallyplanned to meet future needs.

+rojections include future population

growth, land use, waterrequirements for various uses, etc.

+rojection should be wor-ed out

with great care and caution, becauseunrealistic higher values may lead toover design and e7cessiveinvestments.


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Lower value may fail to fulll thepurpose of project, lead to shortageof water.

&o evaluation of future waterdemands should be based onrealistic projections.


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roject formulation

*t needs a lot of imagination ands-ill, only done by e7periencedplanner.

First step, to dene boundaryconditions which restrict waterresource project.

+hysical limitation, e.g, nonavigation in torrential mountainriver.

Limitations on available water


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roject evaluation

Evaluation carried out to selectalternative which is economically

suitable.

4est alternative consists of unit or

combination of units which areeconomically most e:icient.

For economic evaluation benets


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For selecting most e:icient unit, ststep is to nd out whether individualunits are physically andeconomically independent or not.

For single purpose, independentproject evaluation is relativelysimple.

0ultipurpose independent unit moredi:icult.


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!nvironmental aspects in water

resources planning

Negative impacts

!amage to sh and wild life.

!ue to e7tinction of species of 3oraand fauna change in ecology.

Loss of forest land.

!amage to vegetation on river ban-.Loss of agricultural land.


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Loss of geological, historical,archaeological or scenic sites.

!isplacement and rehabilitation ofpeople.

Water borne disease.

$eservoir induced seismicity


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Positive impacts

Land use improvement by irrigation.

Flood protection.

*mproved water supplies fordomestic and municipal uses.

+ower supplies without consumption

of fuel.Water quality improvement.


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Fishery improvement.

$ecreational improvement.

Health improvement.

*mprovement in climate ofsurrounding area.

!evelopment of sanctuaries and wild

life.


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