Waterproofing Data There is no panacea for all waterproof­

ing ills. Waterproofing cannot be bought or sold

"over the counter" in packages, bulk or mass, excepting at great risk to every­body concerned.

The selection of waterproofing methods and materials requires as great care, in order to obtain lasting results, as does the design of the purely structural features or the selection of the major materials.

Real waterproofing cannot be accom­plished by haphazard methods. It is a specialized engineering problem, requir­ing study and wide experience with all materials and methods, used under all sorts of conditions.

It is with this in mind that we offer our services and solicit consideration wherever waterproofing or dampproofing is required.

Waterproofing Basement Walls and Floors, Pits, Tanks, Swimming Pools, Cisterns, Tunnels, Subways, Concrete Bridges, Retaining Walls.

PERMANENT WATERPROOFING COMPANY Waterproofing Engineers and Contractors

Methods-Material The Permanent Waterproofing Company adopts

the material employed to the particular conditions which must be met. It has been found that for all subgrade work-basements, tunnels, pits, etc., as well as for concrete tanks-"IRONITE" Water­proofing is the most satisfactory. (The reasons are fully explained in the succeeding para­graphs.) The material used under these condi­tions is an exceedingly fine metallic powder, con­taining no grease, asphalt, oil or other substances subject to disintegration.

Application The Waterproofing is applied to the INSIDE

or OUTSIDE surfaces of walls after all forms are removed, and to the tops of rough footings and floor slabs, in the form of brush coats or in com­bination of brush and plaster coats.

Appearance The finished surfaces are left with a finish

and color similar to cement brush coat or cement plaster. The surface in either case may be plas­tered or painted or finished with any type of cement, tile, marble or terrazzo surfacing. Paint will not be discolored.

Resistance to Pressure Applied either upon the inside or outside of

walls, this waterproofing will resist any hydro­static pressure which the wall is capable of with­standing.

Permanency This material is not a simple coating, subject

to injury by ordinary wear and abrasion or by changing atmospheric conditions. It will not "slump," crack or scale. The metallic powder pos­sesses much chemical vitality and in combination with water becomes very active. It works its way into the pores of the concrete, expards and unites chemically as well as mechanically with the struc­tural materials, forming a strong and impenetrable mass. The depth of penetration varies in accord­ance with the porosity of the masonry-being _greatest where the voids are most numerous and seepage most likely. The result is & metallic sur-

face of varying thickness which is part of the wall or slab and cannot be removed without actual cutting. Not only does the material form a PER­MANENT Waterproofing, but it also serves as a preservative and strengthener of the masonry. ·

Bonding Qualities This Waterproofing forms an absolutely PER­

MANENT Bond between old and rtew surfaces. It is indispensable where a perfect bond between rough slabs or walls and finish coatings of cement, terrazzo, marble, tile, etc., is required.

Working Conditions The efficiency of any material or method de­

pends in the last analysis upon workmanship. The conditions under which this waterproofing

is done are the best obtainable, this making pos­sible and assuring the highest class of workman­ship when combined with the employment of in­telligent, experienced workmen properly directed . .

Outstanding Features Waterproofing placed upon the INSIDE or

OUTSIDE of wet walls, which penetrates and becomes part of the wall.

Waterproofing which actually increases, rather than decreases, the strength and efficiency of the concrete, stone or brick.

Waterproofing which is continuous and assures (instead of breaks) the bond between footings and walls. This should be considered in case of lateral pressures.

Waterproofing which introduces no foreign or injurious materials into the concrete.

Waterproofing which assures bond between rough surfaces and finish and which is not in­jured by contact or by vibration. · Waterproofing which eliminates the necessitv

for double or protective walls and slabs. -Waterproofing which may readily be repaired

in case of structural cracks. Waterproofing which is LESS EXPENSIVE

than any other real waterproofing. Waterproofing which is absolutely GUARAN­

TEED.

Specifications Material and Application

All surfaces to be waterproofed shall be treated by the Permanent Waterproojing Com­pany, under their standard guarantee.

Concrete Wails All outside walls and areas shall be water­

proofed in accordance with Permanent Water­proofing Company methods-with IRONITE on the inside surfaces from floor level to outside fin­ished grade level. This work shall be done before partitions or other obstructions are installed.

Inside walls and columns extending through the basement slab shall be waterproofed or damp­proofed as may be required-upon both sides from the top of the footings to the outside finished grade level.

Where brick walls or piers extend below the floor, the tops of the footings shall be water­proofed with IRONITE in accordance with Per­manent Waterproofing Company methods.

This waterproofing shall be carried up both sides of the wall to a point sufficiently high to join .the waterproofing of the floor.

Brick and Stone Wails All outside walls and areas shall be water­

proofed with IRONITE, according to Permanent Waterproofing Company methods, on the inside surface and over this shall be applied a plaster coat of one-fourth inch thickness or more to bring the wall out to a true and even surface. Thi~ plaster coat ~haH contain no lime. All insi e walls placed on top of basement floor slab shall have the waterproofing applied to this basement floor slab before walls are placed.

Floor Waterproofing After the rough slab has been poured and suf­

ficiently set it shall be thoroughly cleaned and waterproofed with IRONITE, according to Per-

manent Waterproofing Company methods, and finished with a slush containing good sharp torpedo sand to give a good borid surface for the topping.

"Immediately before the topping is applied wash this surface well and apply a bonding coat of two parts cement and one part IRONITE mixed to a consistency of a thin white wash and thor­oughly brushed into the slab. Apply finish in the usual way."

Concrete Swi~ng Pools, Tanka, · Reservoirs, Etc.

After walls and floor have been poured and are sufficiently set, the entire surface 5hall be waterproofed with IRONITE in accordance with Permanent Waterproofing Company methods and finished with slush coats of Portland Cement and clean sharp sand. ~

Tunneu ~ After all forms are removed, all inside surfaces ~

should be waterproofed with "IRONITE," in ac- ~ cordance with Permanent Waterproofing Com- ~ ~ pany methods. =

Pits: Plevator, Engine, Pump, Etc .. ~~:.::::;::;-;.-.__~;;:::=~~~~=~~ - ~\ft~ ~L .n..,~ l-ne-ins-id~ sur-faces shall b'-- waterproofed with "IRONITE" in ~ • accordance with Permanent Waterproofing Com- ~ O-,w pany methods. ....J

Extreme care must be taken not to cut through ~ 0 the completed waterproofing for any purpose ~ whatever. If it is absolutely necessary to drill '!j holes for bolts, plugs, etc., the holes should be ~ waterproofed before installing the bolts, or any ~ obstruction. ~

Water Pressure Table Waterproofing Required for Varying Heads of W a.ter ~ Hydrostatic Pressure Lifting Wall Coal Commercial Special Felt Asphalt Ironite

Head in per Sq. In. Pressure per Pressure Tar and Asphalt and Mastic Placed on the Feet in Pounds Sq. Ft., Lbs. per sq. ft. Felt and Felt Compounds Thickness Inside pounds

0.5 0.21 39.2 15.6 2 Ply 2 Ply 1 Ply ~ inch 2 to 6 Coat& 1.0 0.(3 62.5 31.2 3 Ply 3 Ply 2 Ply %inch Needed, 2.0 0.86 125.0 62 5 4 Ply 4 Ply 3 Ply %inch 3.0 1.3.0 187.5 93.7 Depending

(.0 1.73 250.0 125.0 4 Ply 4 Ply 3 Ply % inch on Density 5.0 2.17 312.5 156.2 4 Ply 4 Ply 3 Ply %inch of Concrete. 6.0 2.60 375.0 187.5 4 Ply 4 Ply 3 Ply %inch

8.0 3.47 500.0 250.0 5 Ply 5 Ply 4 Ply %inch Placed on 10.0 4.34 625.0 312.5 6 Ply 6 Ply 5 Ply %inch 12.0 5.21 750.0 375.0 the Inside.

15.0 6.51 937.5 468.7 7 Ply 7 Ply 6 Ply %inch 20.0 8.68 1250.0 625.0 7 Ply 7 Ply 6 Ply %inch No Trenches 25.0 --10.85- 1562.5 781.2 8 Ply 8 Ply 7 Ply %inch to Keep Open. 30.0 13.02 1875.0 937.5

I 9 Ply 9 Ply 8 Ply %inch

(0.0 17.36 2500.0 1250.0 No Protection 60.0 26.0( 3750.0 1875.0

80.0 34.72 5000.0 2500.0 I Table Taken from "Modern Method of Wails Needed.

100.0 (3.(0 6250.0 3125.0 Waterproofing," M. H. Lewis.

PERMANENT WATERPROOFING COMPANY KANSAS CITY, MO. 303 Interstate Bldg.

OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. 1016 First Nat'l Bank Bldg.

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 240 Moo.r.e Bldg.

CHICAGO, ILL. 706 Fisher Bldg. OMAHA, NEBR.

503 Farnum Bldg. FORT WORTH, TEXAS

Jennings Ave. & Jarvis St.

PITTSBURGH, P A. 508 Ferguson Bldg.

INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 727 Lemcke Bldg.

HOUSTON, TEXAS 517 Preston Ave.

M-ILWAUKEE. WIS. 613 Caswell Block

MINNEAPOLIS, MINN. 640 Builders Exchange Bldg.

DENVER. COLO. 401 JacoblilOn Bldg.

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DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS

P. 0. BOX 180 POST OFFICE BUILDING BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

April 16, 1924.

Mr. R. L. Parshall, Senior Irrigation Engineer, Fbrt Collins, Colo.

Dear Mr. Parshall:-

I am enalosing a letter to you oonoerning the lining of tl:e

storage reservoir for the evaporation experiments. A copy of this

letter was sent to the Standard Oil Co. for criticism and additional

information, and a copy of their reply is enclosed.

Very truly yours,

2 enos. Carl Rohwer

Irrigation Engineer.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Mr. R. L. Parshall,

BUREAU OF PUBLIC ROADS

Senior Irrigation Engineer, Fort Collins, Colo.

Dear Mr. Parshall:-

P. 0. BOX 180 POST OFFICE BU ILDING BERKELEY, CALIFORNIA

April 11, 1924 •.

With reference to the waterproofing of the storage reservoir

at Fort Collins, Dr. Fortier suggested that we take the matter up

with the Standard Oil Compa.~ of California., which has recently done

considerable work on asphaltic concrete lini~s for irrigation canals.

Mr. Mark of the asphalt division of the Standard Oil Company,

called at our office recently concerning the results of our seepage

tests, and in discussing the possibility of making the For.t Collins

reservoir waterproof, suggested the following methods:

( 1) Lining the reservoir with a layer of aspha.l tic concrete

the same as used in irrigation canals. Where permanence is

desired, this method is recommended but its use is possible

only where asphalt~ving, . heating and placing equipment are

available. In placing this type of lining, the oonorete sllould

first be painted with a coat of hot Grade D asphalt, 41-50 pane-

tra.tion, after whioh the asphalt concrete should be applied and

then carefully rolled to reduce the voids. On a concrete base,

a l~er one inch tbiok should be sufficient.

R.L.P. -2-

(2) Lining the reservoir with a.l ternate layers o£ asphalt

and paper or burlap. Either material may be used but in the

opinion of Mr. Mark, the paper til.ould give better results. For

this work ply unimpregna.ted felt should be obtained.

Before placing this type of lining, the joints should first be

olealil"ed and then painted With Grade D asphalt, 41-50 penetration,

ani finally filled with petrolastio cement, 21-25 penetration.

The whole reservoir should then be painted with Grade D asphalt,

41•50 penetration, to a depth of about one-quarter inch. To

this tha paper should be applied. On the s jdes or the reservoir,

the strips sb:>uld be vert.ioal and if possible pro vis ion should

be made for holding tl:e strips at the top to prevent slipping in

war1n weather. A similar 18¥er of the same grade of asphalt should

then be ·brushed on the paper and over this a. second layer of paper

should be .applied, breaking joints with the first lal'er. After

smoothing the paper into place, a finish coat of petrolastio

cement, 35•40 penetration should be applied, bringing tl'B thic~

ness up to about one inch. All asphalt slx>uld be applied hot in

order to expedite the work a.nd improve the results.

No tests are yet available on the seepage losses from oanals li:ned

with aspha.l t oonoretet but laboratory tests by the Standard Oil Comp~

of California. show that the material is in:r,permeable, Ullder a pressure of

-3-

R.L.P.

25 pounds per square inch. Porosity tests sl:Pw that the percentage

of voids is muoh lower than in good aoncrete.

Linings of the second type have been in use for some time.

Reservoirs for domestic water supplies built in the East twenty-five

years ago, using this tli.Pe of lining, still show no "sensible leakage'',

according to the report in Trautwine's Handbook, 1919 edition.

No cost figures are available for either type of lining under

Colorado conditions, but t:te figures whioh are available for the

asphalt oonorete lining 1~ inches thick in California., indicate tm.t

the work oan be done for fran 9 to 10 cents per square foot. Of this

am:n:mt, 3 cents is for materials. The built-up lining would :probably

oost more both for material and labor although on a small job the dif-

feranoe would not be great . The cost of asphalt of the various types

required, per gallon in barrel lots, f.o.b. San ~ranoisoo, is as follows:

Grade D, penetration 41-50 -

Petrolastio, penetration 21-25 -

Petrolastio, penetration 35-40 -

If you desire additional information, let me know, or write

F. L. Mark, of the Standard. Oil Oompa:J:l¥, who is in charge of the oan.al

lining work. His address is Standard Oil Building, .. San Franeisoo, Oalif.

Very

(Carl Rohwer Irrigation Engineer.

225 Bush Street (COPY) San Franoisoo, California.

April 15, 1924.

U. 3. Department of Agri oul ture, Bureau of Publio Roads, Division of Agrio-.Jl tural Engineering, Berkeley, California.

Gentlemen:

Attention: 1~. Carl Rohwer.

Please refer to your letter of April 11th enclosing copy of letter to Mr. R. L. Parshall giving methods of waterproofing the storage reservoir at Ft. Collins, Colorado, for the evaporation expsrimenta.

As I stated in our conversation yesterday, I wish to change my original suggestions and provide for the use of Petrolastic Cement XX, penetration 31 - 40, for the entire construction instead of three grades of Asphalt, as previously suggested. This, I believe, will simplif,y the construction.

I would therefore suggest the following alterations in your letter to Mr. Parshall: Pag~ 2, Line 1, read as follows:

"(2) Lining the reservoir with alternate layers of asphalt and asphalt-impregnated felt or burlap, either material may be used but in the opinion of Mr. Mark, the paper should give better resulta. For this work 15-lb. asphalt-impregnated felt should be obtained.

Before plaai:ng this t:roe of lining, the joints in the concrete should first be olaaned. and then painted with a mixture of three parts by volume of Petrolastic Cement XX, 31 - 40 penetration, with two parts of gasoline, and finally filled with Petrolastic Cement XX neat. The whole reservoir should then be painted with a mixture of Petrol as tic Cement XX and gaso 1 ine, and then pain ted with Petrolastic Cement XX heated to between 2750 F and 3250 F. to a depth of about 1/4 inoh. To this the felt should be applied. On the sides of the reservoir the strips should be vertical and, if possible, provision should be made for holding the strips at the top to prevent sliplJing in warm weather. A similar layer of the same grade of asphalt should then be brushed on the felt, ani over this a second layer of felt should be applied ~ breaking joints with the first layer. After smoothing the pa:r;er into place a finish coat of Pctrolastic Cement XX, 31 - 40 penetration, sl~uld be 2.[J" l ied, bringing the thiolmess up to about 1 inch. All asphalt should be applied hot in order to expedite the work and improve the results.

-2-

It is estimated that approximately 30 lbs. of asphalt­saturated felt a1n 75 lbs. of Petrolastic Cement XX will be required per 100 sq. ft. of area for this 2-:ply membrane, not including tho paint of Petrolastic Cement ani gasoline nor the Petrolastic Cement used in filling joints in the concrete. ••

On page 3, line 13 read:

•tThe present cost of Petrolastic Cement XX f .a. b. Richmond, California, is $23 .50 per net ton of 2,000 lbs. -packed in wood barrels, one end open.

There are approximately 4.4~ barrels to the net ton of asphalt.

We understand the present freight rate on barrel asphalt from Richmond, California, to Ft. Collins, Colorado, is $2 .25 per hundred."

I beleive that these are the only changes necessary in the letter to l.ir . Parshall and that tb.is type of lining will be sui table f'or Colorado conditions.

FLM:M

?

?

Yours very truly,

(signed) F. L. tmrk