waterproofing admixtures - סילטקsealtec.co.il/files/fmf_139.pdfdurability of modified mortars...

Holger Sass, 08.2014

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Waterproofing admixtures

• Traditional: low w/c + pozzolans like microsilica

• SBR-Latex: SIKA-Latex, Mowilith LDM6880, Aquafin Latex,

Nitobond SBR

• Crystalline: Xypex Admix C, Krystol KIM, Penetron Admix,

Betocrete C16, C17, C35

• Hydrophobic products: SIKA-1, ASOLIN-DMK, Conplast WP100

• Hydrophobic + pore blocking: Caltite, Hycrete W, Ipanex,

Conplast WP400

• Hydrophobic + crystalline: Betocrete C21


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AQUAFIN Latex

Areas of application:

Bonding emulsion for the preparation of high quality concrete, mortar and

render.

The addition of AQUAFIN®-LATEX considerably extends the lifetime and

durability of modified mortars and concrete mixes.

Properties:

• White liquid, solvent free

• Suitable for interiors and exteriors

• Reduces water absorption


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AQUAFIN Latex

Advantages:

• Simple dosage to the gauging water

• Increases the elasticity and raises the flexural

strength

• Large increase in tensile adhesion

• Reduces water permeability especially in

concrete

• Minimises the shrinkage behaviour

• No premixing required


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ASOLIN-DMK Waterproofing additive - concentrate

Description:

• Liquid concentrate for producing water

repellent concrete as well as renders

against driving rain and ground moisture.

• Hydrophobic properties.

• Waterproof additive (DM) in accordance with

DIN 934-2: T9.

Consumption:

• max. 1.3 kg/100 kg cement


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Schomburg Crystalline Waterproofers

• 1st generation “Powder” BETOCRETE® C-35

• Powder additives, mostly blended with cement

• 2nd generation “Liquid” BETOCRETE® C-16 (AQUAFIN IC Admix)

• Liquid, ready-for-use admixture BETOCRETE® C-17(BV)

• CE marking (EN 934–2)

• Pure crystalline action

• 3rd generation “Liquid” BETOCRETE® C-21(DM)

• liquid, ready-for-use

• CE marking (EN 934–2)

• Crystalline and hydrophobic action

• Patent pending


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Crystalline Waterproofing –

Mode of Action • In order to prevent the penetration of liquids, the concrete is

modified with crystal forming admixtures. As a result, capillary suction and/or penetration of pressure water is reduced.

• Three action principles are available: -

– WP by hydrophobic action BETOCRETE® C-21 (DM)

– WP by filling of pores ALL TYPES of BETOCRETE® - C´s

(AQUAFIN IC Admix)

– WP by water reduction BETOCRETE® C-17 (BV)

• Selection of our different materials allows best possible individual effects depending on various construction situations


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Cement hydration leads to formation of free lime (CH)

mainly through the following reactions:

2 C3S + 6H => C3S2H3 + 3 CH

2 C2S + 4H => C3S2H3 + 3 CH

Reaction principle:


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Reaction principle:

The hydration and Ca(OH)2 (CH) is a relatively slow process:


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But the pore water is saturated with Ca(OH)2 (CH)

Already minutes after the start of the hydration:

Reaction principle:


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• The reaction between the admixture and Ca- and Al ions (resp CaO or Ca(OH)2) creates insoluble crystalline crystals

• Liquid water is needed for the reaction

• Crystals fill pores, cracks and voids up to 0.4 mm

• Extent and duration of growth depend on

– composition of concrete (cement content, density, capillary structure)

– Water presence (ideal are many wet-dry cycles)

• The tree-like, re-growing nano crystals are colourless to white

• This mechanism is permanent and irreversible

Reaction principle:


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Reaction principle:


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Stereo Microscopic View

• Concrete, dyed with iron oxide pigments

• Before / after immersion in water (~14 d)


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SEM View

BETOCRETE® C-17 (BV)

Control


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Testing self-heal forces


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Testing self-heal forces • Istanbul Technical University

İSTANBUL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY- FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LABORATORY

34469 Maslak/İstanbul, Tel: 0212 2853757-58, Fax: 0212 285 6587

The cracked samples are mounted into water depositories. After the mounting, observations have been

performed by placing the samples in water as 50 cm high from the samples. The water amounts leaking from

the cracks have been weighed and recorded each day (Table 4 and Figure 1). The leaking water amounts are

approximate since no actions have been taken against the evaporation. It may be seen that the water leakage

lessens particularly by the 5th

day.

Table 4. The Weighed Approximate Water Amounts Leaking from the Crack (gr/day)

Day Betocrete-C16 Sample 1 Water leakage amount (gr/day)

Betocrete-C16 Sample 2 Water leakage amount (gr/day)

1 218,35 34,73

2 165,80 27,99

3 157,06 24,30

4 104,75 29,96

5 51,06 20,92

6 3,90 0

7 0 0

Increase of water leakage over time

Cumulative leaking water amount (gr) crack width 0,2mm

crack width 0,1mm

Elapsed Time (day)

Figure 1. Water leakage development in Betocrete-C16 added samples




The cracked samples are mounted into water depositories. After the mounting, observations have been

performed by placing the samples in water as 50 cm high from the samples. The water amounts leaking from

the cracks have been weighed and recorded each day (Table 4 and Figure 1). The leaking water amounts are

approximate since no actions have been taken against the evaporation. It may be seen that the water leakage

lessens particularly by the 5th

day.

Table 4. The Weighed Approximate Water Amounts Leaking from the Crack (gr/day)

Day Betocrete-C16 Sample 1 Water leakage amount (gr/day)

Betocrete-C16 Sample 2 Water leakage amount (gr/day)

1 218,35 34,73

2 165,80 27,99

3 157,06 24,30

4 104,75 29,96

5 51,06 20,92

6 3,90 0

7 0 0

Increase of water leakage over time

Cumulative leaking water amount (gr) crack width 0,2mm

crack width 0,1mm

Elapsed Time (day)

Figure 1. Water leakage development in Betocrete-C16 added samples


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BETOCRETE® C-16




The crack water leakage observations performed on second and seventh days are given in

pictures 2 and 3.

Picture 2. Second Day. The Betocrete-C16 added samples; crystal formations may be

observed.

Picture 3. Seventh Day. It is observed that the crack is closed and the water leakage is

stopped in the Betocrete-C16 added samples.

Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Akkaya

Signed




The crack water leakage observations performed on second and seventh days are given in

pictures 2 and 3.

Picture 2. Second Day. The Betocrete-C16 added samples; crystal formations may be

observed.

Picture 3. Seventh Day. It is observed that the crack is closed and the water leakage is

stopped in the Betocrete-C16 added samples.

Prof. Dr. Yılmaz Akkaya

Signed

A

f

t

e

r

2

d

a

y

s

After 7 days


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Concrete pipe (immersed for 21 d u.w.)


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Concrete pipe (immersed for 21 d u.w.)

../Lebanon 2010/Indien/_IGP9782.JPG


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Water Permeability

• Specimen treated with BETOCRETE® C-17

(BV) were tested in Singapore (SETSCO)

• Reduction by - 50 % related to control

Table 2: Water Permeability Test

Sample Reference Control Treated with Betocrete C-17

Specimen Reference 1 2 3 1 2 3

Size of Cube (mm) 150

Date of Cast 14/05/2008

Date of Test 13/06/2008

Age of Test (days) 30

Pressure Applied (kg/cm²) 5

No. of Hours Pressure Applied (hours) 72

Depth of Water Penetration (mm) 32.5 23.9 27.2 11.2 14.7 14.9

Average Depth of Water Penetration (mm) 27.9 13.6

Please refer to photographs 2 to 5 for the depth of water penetration of the test specimens.


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Water permeability (Germany) Table 3: Water penetration test acc. DIN EN 12390-8 – Reference

concrete -

Specimen Length

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Height

(mm) Weight (kg)

Raw

density

(kg/m³)

Max. penetration

(mm)

Ref-1164N-1 201 200 114 10.75 2.345 15

Ref-1164N-2 203 201 114 11.05 2.378 13

Ref-1164N-3 201 200 114 10.98 2.395 8

Average penatration depth 12

Table 4: Water penetration test acc. DIN EN 12390-8 – Betocrete C17

treated concrete -

Specimen Length

(mm)

Width

(mm)

Height

(mm) Weight (kg)

Raw density

(kg/m³)

Max. penetration

(mm)

Prüf-1164N-1 203 201 115 11 2.344 7

Prüf-1164N-2 203 201 115 11.14 2.374 10

Prüf-1164N-3 203 201 115 11 2.344 4

Average penatration depth 7


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Test Results in Singapore • Permeability: reduced by 10 times

– Test method according to Darcy

– Water loss per hour and coefficient of permeability

– Test with 30 m head of water pressure

Table 3: Water Permeability test

Sample Reference Control Treated with Betocrete C-17

1 2 3 1 2 3

Dimensional Measurement Average

Diameter (mm) 99.6 100.5 99.8 99.6 99.8 99.6

Average Height, L (mm) 50.6 49.9 50.9 50 50.8 50.1

Cross-Sectional Area, A (m²) 7.79x10-3 7.93x10-3 7.82x10-3 7.79x10-3 7.82x10-3 7.79x10-3

Permeability

593 601 589 600 591 599 Hydraulic gradient across sample,

i = 30 (m head of water/m)

L

Constant Flow (cc/hr) 0.0358 0.0219 0.0457 0.0082 0.0078 0.008

Rate, Q m³/sec) 9.94x10-12 6.08x10-12 1.27x10-11 2.28x10-12 2.17x10-12 2.23x10-12

Coefficient of Permeability, k

(m/sec) 2.15x10-12 1.27x10-12 2.75x10-12 4.88x10-13 4.70x10-13 4.77x10-13

Average Coefficient of Permeability, k

(m/sec) 2.06x10-12 4.78x10-13


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Doseage requirements

-

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

30,00

35,00

40,00

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8

water / cement ratio

Fre

e p

ore

wa

ter,

% c

em

en

t

2%

0.8%

3%

1%

C16-C21: 0 – 2%

C35: 0-0.8%


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Key Selling Points C-Series

• Self healing effect

• Resists high hydrostatic pressure

• Limited influence on concrete mix design (except C17)

• Good substrate for coatings

• All system components available from Schomburg

• Easy to use (C16, C17, C21)

• Reduction of carbonation due to release of alkaline compounds on reaction with CO2


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Key Selling Points C-Series

• The RCM (Rapid Chloride Migration) test simultates

the service life of reinforced concrete. RCM Test

results show:

– 50% increase in service life (22 years) at w/c ratio

of 0.50.

– 100% increase in service life (37 years) at w/c ratio

of 0.60.


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Disadvantages of crystalline

admixtures

• Hydrophilic: capillary water absorption higher than control

• Waterproofing effect takes days to weeks to develop

• Tendency to discoloration especially with pozzolans like fly ash or slag

• Chance of efflorescence


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Additional Selling Points C21

• Immediate hydrophobic effect

• Reduced tendency for discoloration

• Water absorption reduced against

control


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The right choice of C-Series

In the specification stage:

• If we can influence the mix design => BETOCRETE-

C17: lower W/C gives less pores and best

performance.

• If the mix design is fixed => BETOCRETE-C21: Gives

crystalline and hydrophobic effect. No competitor can

supply an „equal“.


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to replace competitor products: BETOCRETE-C35 is based on a similar chemistry than the follwing

competitor products:

• XYPEX ADMIX C500, C1000 and C2000

• Kryton Krystol KIM HS, AE, ES

• PENETRON ADMIX

Selling points for BETOCRETE-C35:

• Lower dosage (against Xypex and Kryton)

• Economic pricing

• Can be used as an „equal“ replacement

• Water tight plastic bags

=> BETOCRETE C35 is used in tight specifications or if price is the only selling point!


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to replace competitor products:

BETOCRETE-C35 has only one grade:

• XYPEX ADMIX C500, C1000: Use C35 only

• XYPEX ADMIX C2000: Use C35 + Ruxolith types

• Kryton Krystol KIM HS: Use C35 only

• Kryton Krystol KIM AE: Use C35 + REMI-AIR

• Kryton Krystol KIM ES: Use C35 + Ruxolith types

We can go with a lower dosage than Xypex and

Kryton as BETOCRETE C35 has more active

chemicals.


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We can use C16, C17 and C21 against Kryton, Xypex

and Penetron as well with the following additional

argumentation:

BETOCRETE C16:

• Easier to use, liquid

• No clumping

• More uniform distribution as already dissolved


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BETOCRETE C17:

• like C16

• Additional superplastisizer reduces w/c and thus the volume of

pores

BETOCRETE C21:

• like C16

• Hydrophobic effect reduces water absorption to less than 50% of

control mix

• <1% water absorption acc. BS 1881-122 can be achieved


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For hydrophobic waterproofing agents we use

BETOCRETE C21 as our alternative:

Everdure Caltite (Cementaid, UK):

• C21 only dosed at 2 – 3% instead of 10%

• No self-healing effect in Caltite

• Strong water repellency of Caltite limits application of

water based paints

• Extreme ammonia smell


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Hycrete W-1000 (Hycrete, Inc., USA)

• Strong water repellency of Hycrete limits application of water based paints

• No proof of self-healing effect

IPANEX (Cement Chemistry Systems, Inc., USA)

• Strong smell

• No self-healing effect

• Expensive

http://www.hycrete.com/


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Hydrophobic vs. crystalline

Hydrophobic effects („water repellency“) are very good against moisture and dampness:

• Achieved by „coating“ all internal surfaces with usually aliphatic hydrocarbons

• Limited resistance against hydrostatic pressure

• Effect fades away with dust deposit and carbonation of concrete


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Hydrophobic vs. crystalline

Crystalline products fill the concrete pores with inorganic crystals:

• Pores are narrowed and ingress of water dramatically reduced under hydrostatic pressure

• Crystals are hydrophilic and the smaller capillary diameter further increases water absorption compared to untreated concrete


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The „ideal“ waterproof concrete

• Has a good aggregate grading and a low water/cement ratio (<0.45)

• Has at least 300kg/m³ cement and is easy compacting

• Has the capability to fill voids and cracks by itself

• Is slightly hydrophobic to reduce absorption but still allow water based coatings

• Has all its joints and penetrations waterproofed


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The „ideal“ waterproof concrete

With

BETOCRETE C21,

INDUFLEX-CJ13 and

our superplastisers and retarders

we have all it takes to formulate it!


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Thank you for your kind

attention!

waterproofing admixtures - סילטקsealtec.co.il/files/fmf_139.pdfdurability of modified mortars...

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