water world
DESCRIPTION
Water World. Ocean Zones. Coral Reef. Tubeworms. Freshwater Biome Zones. Eutrophic Lake. Oligotrophic Lake. Rivers & Streams. Wetlands. Estuary. Silent Spring 1962 DDT. Rachel Carson. Biogeography. Geographic Range. Wide Geographic Range. Dispersal-Actual-Potential Range. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Water World
![Page 3: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ocean Zones
![Page 4: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Coral Reef
![Page 5: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Tubeworms
![Page 6: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Freshwater Biome Zones
![Page 7: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Eutrophic Lake
![Page 8: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Oligotrophic Lake
![Page 9: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rivers & Streams
![Page 10: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Wetlands
![Page 11: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Estuary
![Page 12: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Rachel Carson
• Silent Spring• 1962 DDT
![Page 14: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biogeography
![Page 15: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Geographic Range
![Page 16: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Wide Geographic Range
![Page 17: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dispersal-Actual-Potential Range
![Page 18: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Introduced Species“Africanized Bees/Zebra Mussels
![Page 19: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Predator-Prey Relationships
![Page 20: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Biomes:Temperature-Precipitation
![Page 21: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Biome Distribution
![Page 22: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Biome?
![Page 23: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Biome?
![Page 24: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Biome?
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Biome?
![Page 26: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Biome?
![Page 27: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Biome?
![Page 28: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Biome?
![Page 29: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Biome?
![Page 30: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Climate Lighting
![Page 31: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Seasons: Axis
![Page 32: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Global Wind Patterns
![Page 33: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Rain-shadow Affect
![Page 34: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Upwelling
![Page 35: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Climate Change
![Page 36: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Dam Distribution
![Page 37: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Ethology
![Page 38: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Behavior-Nature vs. Nurture?
![Page 39: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
FAP: Fixed Action Pattern
![Page 40: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Behavioral Ecology
![Page 41: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Song Bird VariationFitness in Mating
![Page 42: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cost-Benefit Foraging Analysis
![Page 43: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Learned Performance BehaviorMaturation, Habituation
![Page 44: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
ImprintingKonrad Lorenz
![Page 45: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Sensitive Period
![Page 46: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Open-ended Learning
![Page 47: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Associative Learning, Classical Conditioning, Operant Conditioning
![Page 48: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Play
![Page 49: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
CognitionKinesis, Taxis, Cognitive Maps
![Page 50: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
MigrationPiloting, Orientation, Navigation
![Page 51: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
ConciousnessAre animals “aware” of
themselves?
![Page 52: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Competition
![Page 53: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Antagonist Behavior
![Page 54: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Reconciliation Behavior
![Page 56: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Territorial Behavior
![Page 57: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Marking Territory
![Page 58: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Courtship BehaviorPromiscuous, Monogamy,Polygamous,Polyandry
![Page 59: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Pheromones
![Page 60: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Bee DancesRound vs. Waggle
![Page 61: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
AltruismDecrease in individual Fitness, Increase in Group
![Page 62: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Inclusive Fitness
![Page 63: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Hamilton’s Rule of Kin Selection: The rule is as follows:rB > C
The more closely related two individuals are, the greater the value of altruism.
![Page 64: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Sociobiology
![Page 65: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Population
![Page 66: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Clumped Disperion
![Page 67: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Uniform
![Page 68: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Random-Independent
![Page 69: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Demography, Life Table, Cohort
![Page 70: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Surviorship CurvesI: Low Death Early
II: EqualIII. High Death Early
![Page 71: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Semelparity-Big BangIteroparity-Constant
![Page 72: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Mortality Rates-Reproduction
![Page 73: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Population Change
• Using mathematical notation we can express this relationship as follows:– If N represents population size, and t
represents time, then N is the change is population size and t represents the change in time, then:N/t = B-D• Where B is the number of births and D is
the number of deaths
![Page 74: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Population Change
– We can simplify the equation and use r to represent the difference in per capita birth and death rates. N/t = rN OR dN/dt = rN
– If B = D then there is zero population growth (ZPG).
– Under ideal conditions, a population grows rapidly.
• Exponential population growth is said to be happening• Under these conditions, we may assume the maximum
growth rate for the population (rmax) to give us the following exponential growth
• dN/dt = rmaxN
![Page 75: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Exponential Growth
![Page 76: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Logistic Growth
• Typically, unlimited resources are rare.– Population growth is therefore regulated by
carrying capacity (K), which is the maximum stable population size a particular environment can support.
![Page 77: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Logistic Growth
• The logistic growth equation
– We can modify our model of population growth to incorporate changes in growth rate as population size reaches a carrying capacity.
– The logistic population growth model incorporates the effect of population density on the rate of increase.
![Page 78: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Carrying Capacity
![Page 79: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Growth Curves
![Page 80: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Logistic Growth
![Page 81: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
K-R Life Histories
– In K-selection, organisms live and reproduce around K, and are sensitive to population density.
• In r-selection, organisms exhibit high rates of reproduction and occur in variable environments in which population densities fluctuate well below K.
![Page 82: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Density Dependence-Independence
![Page 83: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Resource Limitations-Reproduction Rates
![Page 84: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Interspecific Relationships
![Page 85: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Demographic Transition
![Page 86: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
The Plague
![Page 87: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Age Structure
![Page 88: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Human Population
• Predictions of the human population vary from 7.3 to 10.7 billion people by the year 2050.
– Will the earth be overpopulated by this time?
![Page 89: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Ecological Footprint
• Six types of ecologically productive areas are distinguished in calculating the ecological footprint:
– Land suitable for crops.– Pasture.– Forest.– Ocean.– Built-up land.– Fossil energy land.
![Page 90: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Ecological Footprint
![Page 91: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Competitive Exclusion Principle
![Page 92: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Resource Partitioning
![Page 93: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Character Displacement-Sympatric Species
![Page 94: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Cryptic Coloration
![Page 95: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Aposematic Coloration“Warning”
![Page 96: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Batesian MimicryHarmless Depicts Harmful
![Page 97: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Mullerian MimicryResemblance
![Page 98: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Trophic Structure
![Page 99: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Food Webs
![Page 100: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Biomass-Keystone Species
![Page 101: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
![Page 102: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Phosphorus Cycle
![Page 103: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
![Page 104: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
![Page 105: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Succession
![Page 106: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Secondary Succession
![Page 107: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Secondary Succession
![Page 108: Water World](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110402/56812a45550346895d8d7d87/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)