water. water distribution water use in the us in 2000
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Water
![Page 2: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Water Distribution
![Page 3: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Water use in the US in 2000
![Page 4: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Water Cycle
Transpiration (plants)
![Page 5: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Parts of a River
Collection Transportation Dispersal
![Page 6: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Dendritic patternYemen
![Page 8: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Limestone Bedrock:Naturally fractures into squares & rectangles
![Page 10: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Common in the Appalachians where rivershave cut through parallel ridgelines.
![Page 11: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Drainage Basin
![Page 12: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Drainage Basin II
![Page 13: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Delta Development
Distributary
Water coming down a river hits the ocean; gradient goes to zeroSediment is deposited; channel eventually fillsRiver jump its banks and takes a new courseProcess repeatsVery common in deltas
![Page 15: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Distributaries
Mississippi River Delta
![Page 17: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mature Deltas
![Page 18: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mississippi Delta
Left to its own devices, theMississippi would now beflowing down the Atchafalaya Basin.
Oil refineries line the Mississippi
![Page 19: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Atchafalaya River
Embankment
Mississippi
![Page 20: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
New Orleans
![Page 21: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Hurricane Threat -- very real
![Page 22: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Eroding defenses
![Page 23: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Rivers are complex systems influenced by number of things, which are: - discharge - velocity - gradient - sediment load - base level
River Dynamics
![Page 24: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stream Discharge
- amount of water passing by a given point during a specific time interval
- measured in cubic meters/second
![Page 25: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Discharge Station
![Page 26: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Velocity
![Page 27: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Meanders
![Page 28: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cut Bank
![Page 29: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Meandering
![Page 30: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Oxbow Lakes
![Page 31: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
NE/SD border
![Page 33: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Slope
![Page 34: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sediment Load
- fine particles are moved in suspension, never touching the ground (suspended load) - silt & clay giving the water a muddy look
- coarse particles are moved by traction along the stream bed, jumping along (bed load) - move by saltation: short leaps as a strong current picks them up and moves them a short distance. - 7-10% of the total sediment load, on average. - abrasion between particles causing them to wear, smoothing them and forming round pebbles and stones. - also wears away the stream channel along the sides and bottom of the channel.
- dissolved materials are carried along in solution (dissolved load) - invisible chemical ions
![Page 35: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
![Page 36: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Mississippi Sediment
![Page 37: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Base Level
The lowest elevation (depth) to which a river can erode its bed.
![Page 38: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Stream Maturity
Youthful
Mature
Old Age
![Page 40: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Old Age River
![Page 41: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Flooded River
Levees occur when active deposition takes place along the banks of an older river when it is in a flood. Each time this happens the banks get higher forming a natural levee -- a barrier to future flooding.
![Page 42: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Natural Levee
River channel
Levees
![Page 43: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Urban Runoff
More pavement = dramatically increased runoff rates
![Page 44: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
LeveeIf the river doesn’t flood, sediment is deposited on the river bed;causes water level to rise
![Page 45: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Concrete PavingSmooth bottom = less friction = fast-moving water = less sediment deposition
![Page 46: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Levee Breech
![Page 47: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Siltation
![Page 48: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Wastewater15,000,000 people. All pavement. 50 inches of precipitation per year. Where does all the water go?
![Page 49: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Urban sewer system
Many urban sewer systems are outdated
![Page 50: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Wilmington, Delaware
Wilmington
![Page 51: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Delaware Streams
![Page 52: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Storm Sewer Runoff
![Page 53: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Storm Sewer Runoff
Raw untreatedsewage
![Page 54: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
“IOWA'S BEACHES WILL STAY OPEN THIS YEAR.EVEN IF THEY *ARE* POLLUTED WITH FECAL BACTERIA.THE IOWA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES SAYS THE BEACHES AT STATE PARKS ARE TOO POPULAR AND VALUABLE TO IOWANS TO CLOSE THEM WHEN THERE ISN'T CLEAR EVIDENCE OF A HEALTH RISK.LAST YEAR, EMERSON BAY IN LAKE OKOBOJI WAS ONE OF SEVERAL BEACHES CLOSED.THE D-N-R SAYS THIS YEAR THE STATE WILL POST WARNING SIGNS INSTEAD.WORKERS WILL BASE THEIR FINDINGS ONLY ON TESTS FOR FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA.LAST YEAR, THE STATE CONSIDERED THREE DIFFERENT BACTERIAS.THE D-N-R SAYS IT CONSULTED HEALTH OFFICIALS BEFORE DECIDING THAT USING THREE WAS CONFUSING AND CUMBERSOME.”
KMEG News: Storm Lake, IA
![Page 55: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Alesund, Norway
![Page 56: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Wastewater Treatment
![Page 57: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Toxic Runoff
![Page 58: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Acid DrainageSummitville, CO:All aquatic life absent for17 miles away from mine.
![Page 59: Water. Water Distribution Water use in the US in 2000](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062320/56649ca55503460f94966514/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
How bad is it?