water waste managemnt [compatibility mode]
TRANSCRIPT
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By
SHIWANI
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What is Wastewater?
Water is used for many purposes.
Water that has been used and contains domestic,
industrial, institutional and commercial waste
products is called wastewater.
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Where does wastewater come from?
Residences (kitchen, bathroom, brushing teeth,
washing utensils and cloths, and cooking food)
Industrial Institution (water containing Industrial
wastes and chemical.)
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What is wastewater treatment
Process of removing pollutants from waste waterbefore it enters water bodies or is reused iscalled treatment of water.
Usually refer to sewage treatment, or domestic
wastewater treatment
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SEWAGE
Sewage is wastewater that flows down thedrain of houses, industries, hospitals, offices,fields etc.
Rainwater that runs down the streets duringstorm or heavy rain also adds to the sewage.
The dissolved and suspended solid impuritiespresent in sewage are called contaminants.
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CONTAMINANTS PRESENT IN SEWAGE
Organic Impurities
Inorganic Impurities
Nutrients
Bacteria
Other Microbes
Human and Animal waste, oil,pesticides and herbicides usedin fruit and veg. peels.
Various metals, nitrates andphosphates
Nitrogen and phosphorus
Causing water-related diseases
such as cholera and typhoid
Causing diseases like dysentery
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HARMFUL EFFECTS OF
UNTREATED OR INADEQUATELY TREATED SEWAGE
Untreated sewage is major source of groundwater and surface water
pollution.
Stagnant sewage from leaking sewer pies sometimes enters the drinking
water pipes and pollutes it.
It acts as a breeding ground for various disease causing organism such as
mosquitoes and flies, which leads to diseases like cholera, diarrhea,
jaundice and dysentery.
Soaps and detergents contain phosphates. When wastes contain soaps
and detergents are released into rivers and ponds, the favour algal
growth. Growing algae consume a lot of oxygen and thus oxygen level in
water decreases. The algae compete with aquatic plant and animals for
oxygen and affect the aquatic life.
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To produce waste stream (effluent)
To produce solid waste (sludge)
To discharge or reuse them back
into the environment
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WASTEWATER TREATED
Clean water is basic need of alhuman being, plants andanimals.
To make drinking water availableto people, wastewater has to betreated to remove all impurities.
The clean water that can beconsumed is called potablewater.
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WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
Wastewater treatment is process of removing
contaminants from wastewater.
It includes removal of physical, chemical and
biological contaminants using physical,chemical and biological processes.
It involves the removal of solid waste or sludge
from sewage and discharging the treated
water into water bodies.
After treatment, the solid part of the sewage
can be used as fertilizer for crops.
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Where is wastewater treated?
All sources ofwastewater in a SewageService Area areconnected to sewers,
which join together toform a network called acollection system.
The collection system
leads to a WaterPollution Control Plant(WPCP).
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How does it get there?
Water flows downhillbecause of gravity, so theWPCP is usually locatedat a low point in theservice area.
If the force of gravityisnt enough, pumpingstations are used to
boost wastewaterthrough forcemains(pressurized sewers) tothe WPCP.
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Preliminary Treatment:
Wastewater is passed
through parallel bar screen.
This remove materials like
rags, sticks, cans, plasticetc.
The wastewater is than
passed through grinder
where solid waste is
reduced in size so that it
does not clog up the plant.
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GRIT AND SAND REMOVAL PROECSS
Wastewater is then
allowed to enter Grit &
sand removal tant.
Here, the spped of
wastewater is reduced
in order to allow sand,
grit and pebbles to
settle down.
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WATER CALRIFIER
Wastewater then goes to largetank called water clarifier.
The tank sloped towards themiddle to allow organic materiallike faeces to settle at its bottom.
The sludge is removed withscrapers.
Here floatable solids like oil andgrease are also removed with
skimmer.
The cleared water, so obtained, iscalled clarified water.
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DIGESTION
Sludge is solid material removed fromprimary sedimentation tanks andsecondary clarifiers.
The sludge is transferred to separate
tank where anaerobic bacteria act onit and convert it into methane, carbondioxide and humus like material.
This process is called digestion. Thedigested sludge is dried by spreadingon sand beds and used as fertilizer.
Air is the pumped through clarifiedwater. Aerobic bacteria grow inpresence of air and consume theremaining waste.
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Stages of wastewater treatment:
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BETTER HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICE
Solid wastes such as used tea leaves,
food remains, plastic bags, soft toys,
cotton and sanitary towels should not
thrown down the drain.
Various chemical products such as
medicnes, motor oils, paints, grease,
machine oils and insecticides may kill
water purifying microorganism and
hamper the degradation process. These
should not be thrown down the drain
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SANITATION AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL
Septic tanks can bebuilt for hospitals, forgroups of 4-5 housesand other isolated
buildings. Using on site human
waste disposaltechnology, excretafrom the toilet seatscan directly be sent to
a biogas plant throughcovered drain. Thebiogas so producedcan be used as sourceof energy.
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