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Page 1: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

WAT

ER

UNIT

Page 2: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 3: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 4: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

WATER ON EARTH• Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent

—is salt water that is found in the oceans. • Only 3 percent is fresh water. • Of that 3 percent, about three quarters is

found in the huge masses of ice near the North and South Poles.

• A fraction more is found in the atmosphere.

• Most water in the atmosphere is invisible water vapor, the gaseous form of water.

• Less than 1 percent of the water on Earth is fresh water that is available for humans to use.

Page 5: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

WATER TABLE

The surface of the water-saturated part of the ground.

Page 6: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 7: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 8: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

AQUIFER

A porous deposit of rock, such as a sandstone, containing water that can be used to supply wells.

Page 9: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 10: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 11: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 12: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 13: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

SONAR

Used to measure ocean depth.

Page 14: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 15: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

WHY IS THE SEA SALTY?

The weathering and erosion of rocks in rivers carries sediment to the ocean.

Page 16: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

What is the most abundant elements in seawater?

The substance you know as table salt—sodium chloride—is the salt present in the greatest amount in ocean water. NaCl

Page 17: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

WHY DOES THE SALINITY OF THE OCEAN STAY CONSTANT?

As freshwater comes in through rivers, freshwater evaporates and freezes in glaciers.

Page 18: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

Does temperature increase or decrease as you descend through the water column?

Temperature decreases as you descend through the water column and pressure increases.

Page 19: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 20: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

CONTINENTAL SHELFA gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent.

Page 21: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

CONTINENTAL SLOPEThe true edge of a continent, where rock that makes up the continent stops and the rock of the ocean floor begins.

Page 22: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

CONTINENTAL RISEAn underwater feature found between the continental slope and the abyssal plain.

Page 23: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that
Page 24: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

MID-OCEAN RIDGEThe continuous chain of underwater mountains.

Page 25: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

OCEAN TRENCHA deep canyon in the ocean floor.

Page 26: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

ABYSSAL PLAINA nearly flat region of the ocean floor, covered with thick layers of

sediment.

Page 27: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

SEAMOUNTA mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface.

Page 28: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

CURRENTSWhat force cause surface currents?

Surface currents, which affect water to a depth of several hundred meters, are driven mainly by winds.

Page 29: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

TIDESThe daily rise and fall of Earth's waters on shores.

Page 30: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

What causes tides?Tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.

Page 31: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

SPRING TIDEA tide with the greatest

difference between high and low tide that occurs when the sun and the moon are aligned in a line with Earth.

Page 32: WATER UNIT. WATER ON EARTH Most of Earth's water—roughly 97 percent—is salt water that is found in the oceans. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Of that

NEAP TIDEA tide with the least difference

between low and high tide that occurs when the sun and moon pull at right angles to each other.

http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/kits/tides/media/tide06a_450.gif


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