water treatment systems for safe and secure water use · 2013-12-11 · water quality analysis...

© Hitachi, Ltd. 2013. All rights reserved.

JST-NSERC Workshop 2013

2013/10/21

Hitachi Research Laboratory,

Hitachi,Ltd. Japan

Water Treatment Systems

for Safe and Secure Water Use

Ichiro EMBUTSU


1. Introduction: Water Business

Contents

3. Topics: New Process for Wastewater Reuse

4. New Challenges

Water Treatment for Safe and Secure Water Use

2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water


1-1. Water Business Market 1. Introduction

Global Water Market Forecast

2007 2025

EPC Products Syetems

362 Billion US$

3.8%

6.0%

193

169 485

Latin America

Europe

North America

Africa & Middle East

Asia Oceania

380

O&M: Operation & Maintenance, EPC: Engineering Procurement Construction

Annual growth rate

Regional Breakdown

@2025 Facility Ownership, O&M

*Adapted from “Global Water Market 2008”

865 Billion US$

Market in Japan: 50 Billion US$


1-2. Players in Water Market

Value-chain and Major Players

Value-chain Segment

Products & Systems EPC O&M, Ownership

Veolia(FRA) Suez(FRA) GE Water(USA)

Siemens(GER) Dow Chemical(USA)

Abengoa(ESP) Hyflux(SIN) Thames(GBR)

Keppel(SIN)

Toray, Nitto Denko Kubota, etc.

Mitsubishi Corp., etc.

Water agency, etc.

Kurita, Organo IHI, MHI, Sasakura

Nikki, etc.

Toshiba, Meta-Water, Hitachi, etc.

1. Introduction

Global

Japan

Electric appliance maker

Membrane maker

Trading conglomerate

Engineering firm Service company

“Water Major”

“Water Major” is covering the whole value-chain of the market

EPC: Engineering Procurement Construction, O&M: Operation & Maintenance,


Contents


4. New Challenges





2-1. Hitachi’s Water Business

Covering from Equipment and EPC to Business Operations

Products and Systems

EPC

Facility

Ownership

RO: Reverse Osmosis, MBR: Membrane Bio-Reactor

Purification Plant Sewage Plant

HSWS (UAE) MWSC

(Maldives)

Flood simulation Water Distribution Control System

MBR

system

Pump

(Irrigation)

Desalination

RO unit

Supervision and Control system

Operation and

Maintenance

1970s

1980s

2000s

2010s



2-2. History of Hitachi’s Water Technology R&D

Water Resource Management

1980 1990 2000 2010

CFD Simulation

Water Quality Analysis

Process Monitoring & Control Technologies

Image Processing

Mechanism Elucidation & Modeling

Simulators

Satellite Monitoring Bio-assay for Toxicant

Resource Recycling & Energy Saving

Wastes Treatment Water HACCP

Over 30years R&D to meet the requirements of 1) growing water demand, 2) strengthened water quality regulations

Service & Maintanence

CFD: Computational Fluid Dynamics, HACCP: Hazarad Analysis & Critical Control Point


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2-3. Technological Core Competence of HRL

Flood

control Waste

water

Water

Environment

Water

Environment

Conservation

Water Utilization Water Reclamation

Water Damage Prevention

River Flow

Pollutant Estimation

Watershed Environment

Lake Water Quality etc.

Flood Damage

River Water Level

Dam Gate Control

Rainfall Inflow etc.

Water Quality Prediction

Coagulation

Ozone Treatment

Membrane Filtering etc.

Wastewater Control

Energy Estimation

Tank Design Analysis

CFD etc.

Hitachi Research Laboratory (HRL) R&D activities place an emphasis on “ICT technology”.


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2-4. R&D Target: Environment Monitoring 2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water

Wide-area Data Aquisition of Water Resources and Watersheds Planning

Assessment

Intended Usage

Technological Features

Research Theme: Observation Satellite Remote Sensing

Technical Outline

Quick Bird Satellite 10 -3 10 0 10 5 10 9

Multi SpectralData Wavelength(nm)

Observation Satellite

Ref

lect

ance

Visible - Infrared

Vegetation Eutrophication Water Bloom, etc.

Image Processing

Satellite Image

･Wide-area, periodical sensing of water/ground surface ･Very high spatial (1-30m mesh) and spectral (1-100nm band width) resolution

Landsat, SPOT Quick Bird, etc.


2-5. R&D Target: Environment Monitoring 2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water

Experiences of Developed Technology

Research Theme: Observation Satellite Remote Sensing

Example of Application: Lake Kasumigaura evaluated by Landsat TM

･Tone/Arakawa/Tama Rivers (Japan): Watershed land cover classification ･San Jose (USA): Watershed environment evaluation, etc.

15

10

5

0

×10 3

Total Nitrogen (mg/L)

Ave.

Max

1.00 (mg/L)

2.44 (mg/L)

0.5 1.0

Satellite Images:7bands Water bloom detected

Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen

・Water bloom detected 8615/205818Mesh in the lake （4.2% of the lake=7.75km2)

Microcystis aeruginosa

Mes

h c

ou

nts


2-6. R&D Target: Process Control 2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water

Energy-saving and global warming gas reduction by the control Intended Usage


Research Theme: Advanced Control of Wastewater Treatment Process

Technical Outline

･Model-based control for activated sludge process ･Process simulator featuring CO2 and N2O(Nitrous Oxide) production models

Advanced Supervisory & Control System

Optimal Control Module

・Target Value ・Sensor Data

・Control Values Organic Material

N

P

Microorganism

N2O

N2O model

Operator Console

Controller

Sensors ・Blower Air Flow ・Pump Flow Rate

・Flow Rate ・Water Quality ・Dissolved Oxygen

Activated Sludge Process Simulator

Blower

Pump

Electric Consumption

Control

Service


2-7. R&D Target: Process Control 2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water

Research Theme: Advanced Control of Wastewater Treatment Process


Example of Application:

･Nakagawa Sewage plant (Japan): Advanced control ･Nawate Sewage plant (Japan): Activated sludge process simulator, etc.

Control System (AQUQMAX R ) Activated Sludge Process Simulator

<IWA model> <N2O model> N2-gas

Organic Nitrogen

Microorganisms

NH4-N

NOx-N NO2-N NO3-N (=NOx-N －NO2-N)

N2O-gas

Oxidation Reduction

(GWP of N2O =310×CO2)

GWP: Global Warming Potential

50

100

0

▲18%

N2O-gas

CO2 (from electricconsumption) Conventional Control

Developed Control

CO2 discharge Coefficient

[gCO2/m3-treated water]

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2-8. R&D Target: Water Treatment 2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water

Production of reclaimed water with compact-size facility Intended Usage


Research Theme: Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)

Technical Outline

･Treatment with membrane to remove pollutant particles, E-coli, etc. ･Highly concentrated activated sludge to provide high biological treatment rate

Plant

Service

Ｐ

Ｐ

Ｂ

Raw Water

Treated Water Reaction tank

Sand filter

Treated Water

Raw Water

Sedimentation Tank

Activated Sludge Process: Conventional

MBR Process


2-9. R&D Target: Water Treatment 2. Hitachi’s R&D Activities on Water

Research Theme: Membrane Bio-Reactor (MBR)


･Burj Khalifa Wastewater plant (UAE): 3,000m3/d MBR in Dubai ･Al Quoz Sewage plant (UAE): 1,500 m3/d MBR in Dubai, etc.

Example of Application:

Agricultural Water Raw wastewater

Treated water

RO: Reverse Osmosis

MBR plant RO plant

Landscaping Water

Industrial Water

Treated Water

Burj Khalifa

Integrated Membrane System


Contents


4. New Challenges





3-1. Significance of Wastewater Reuse 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Only 2% of treated wastewater is reused in Japan for the reasons of 1) inadequate treated water quality, 2) limited cost-merit.

Wastewater Treatment (Secondary Process)

Rivers, etc.

Potential water resource is discharged without reuse

Industrial Use

Landscaping Use

Water Park Water for Buildings

Additional Treatment (Tertiary Process)

Disinfection Deodorization Decolorization by Ozone,UV,etc.

Reuse


3-2. Typical Process for Water Reuse: Ozonation 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Final effluent

Sand filtration

Final sedimentation tank Biological reactor

Primary sedimentation tank

Wastewater

→

Ozonation facilities

Ozonation reactor

Reuse water

Ozonizer

Milli-meter-bubbles using diffuser tube

Disposed sludge

Secondary Treatment

Tertiary Treatment

Activated Sludge


3-3. Proposed Method of Efficient Ozonation 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Features of micro-bubbles and effects on ozonation

Low rising velocity

・Improvement of ozone use efficiency ・Decrease in waste ozone High solubility

SS flotation Decrease in SS and turbidity

Contact adherability

Small buoyancy

Large specific surface

Simplified without pretreatment

Micro-bubbles

Problems and Idea

Cost reduction (initial, running)

・Downsizing ・Reduction of ozone dose rate

・Downsizing contact tank height ・Reduction of ozone dose rate

Effects

< 50micro-meter Shock wave, Radicals

SS: Suspended Solids

Use of micro-bubbles


3-4. Micro-bubble Production: Proposed 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

New mechanical loop

qμB

qloss

qin

qin’

Surplus gas (to reactor)

qloss’

HP Pump

Feed O3 gas (from ozonizer)

New gas nozzle

Circulating water Gas separationtank

Undissolved gas re-injection Undissolved

gas recovery

Flow rate control mechanism

Micro-bubble production performance

in

B

in

lossin

Bq

q

q

qq

'

Production efficiency λμB

Micro-bubbles volume ratio σμB

r

B

r

lossin

BQ

q

Q

qq

'

Qr

Pressure：0.2 MPa σμB：More than 3 % λμB：More than 80 %

More than conventional product performance

Experimental apparatus (Throughput: 3m3/d)

Circulating water + micro-bubbles (to reactor)

0.25 MPa

0.15 MPa

0.20 MPa

Symbol Pressure

0.3MPa (Conventional)

Micro-bubble volume ratio (%)

Pro

du

ctio

n e

ffic

ien

cy (

%)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0

20

100

80

60

40


3-5. Demonstration Site and Facilities 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

3.5

m

Micro-bubble loop

Site

Secondary effluent (sand filtered) Coliform number: 10 to 371 /mL Color Index: 10.2 to 16.4 Turbidity: 0.5 to 1.8

Quality of water provided to ozonation

Ozone micro-bubbles

Ikenokawa Sewage Treatment Plant (Hitachi-city, Ibaraki, Japan)

Reactor

60 m3/d


3-6. Operational Conditions 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Ozone dose rate

Coliform was not detected at dose rate of 4.5 mg/L → Reduction of ozone amount in comparison to conventional method(10mg/L)

Water depth: 1.2m, Pressure: 0.2 MPa

Water quality standard (Japan) was satisfied for color and turbidity

: Not detected

Co

lifo

rm in

acti

vati

on

rat

e (l

og

)

Ozone dose rate (mg/L)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0

1

2

3

4 Coliform number of raw water: 10x102 to 371x102/100mL

Color Turbidity Ozone rate

1.0 mg/L

4.5 mg/L

1.2

0.8

0.66

0.36

Standard 10 2.0

Before After


3-7. Operation Performance (1) 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

[day]

Ozo

ne

do

se r

ate

[m

g/L

]

Treated water

→

0

5

4

3

≈

0 8 12 16 4

0

1.5

2.0

1.0

0.5

Raw water

Target value：4.5mg/L

Result of constant ozone dose rate control

Dis

solv

ed o

zon

e

con

cen

trat

ion

[m

g/L

] C

olo

r [-

]

0

25

20

10

15

5

Raw water fluctuation

Below standard

←Water quality standard

Treated water quality (Color, Turbidity, Coliform) was well-maintained below Japanese standards over the tested period.

←


3-8. Operation Performance (2) 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Result of waste ozone

0

15

10

5

Fee

d o

zon

e

rate

[g

/h]

Was

te o

zon

e

[g

/h]

0

0.15

0.10

0.05

[d] 0 20 30 10

Waste ozone

Feed ozone

Ozone use efficiency: 99.8%

Estimation of operating cost

・throughput: 60 m3/d

・reduction of ozone dose rate:

10 mg/L 4.5 mg/L

・pressure: 0.2 MPa

Reduction of ozone generation power

Reduction of catalyzer and activated carbon for wasted ozone removal

Milli-bubble(Diffuser) Micro-bubbles

Ozone generation ＋waste ozone treatment power

Micro-bubbles Generation power

Operating cost ratio

Catalyzer/ activated carbon

32

45

< 1

23% 100

77

87

13

Over 20 % reduction of operating cost using micro-bubbles


3-9. Full-scale Facilitiy for Commercial Use (1) 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Wastewater reuse facility using ozone micro-bubbles HMB-600 （600 m3/d）

Product lineup：Throughput 300 to 2400 m3/d


3-10. Full-scale Facilitiy for Commercial Use (2) 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

Sand filtration facility （1000 m3/d ×2） :used as pretreatment with conventional process (milli-bubble by diffuser)

Wastewater reuse facility using ozone micro-bubbles （600 m3/d）

Aspect comparison with conventional process


3-11. Demonstration Test in China 3. New Process for Wastewater Reuse

National Project “CREST” funded by JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency)

Project : Integrated Intelligent Satellite System for Water Recycle

Test Site: Chengdu （成都市）

Test period: May 2013-April 2014

Partners: Sichuan Univ, Kogakuin Univ, Tokyo Univ


Contents


4. New Challenges





4-1. Alternative Water Production: Desalination 4. New Challenges

Thermal distillation Membrane filtration (Reverse osmosis) ・Energy required: large

・Energy required: relatively small

Electrodialysis

・Energy required: large

・For brackish water

■Share(-2008)

Total plant number:

13,869

59%

RO System is a main target of Hitachi’s R&D on desalination.

RO: Reverse Osmosis


4-2. New Desalination System: IWPP

H25 Gas turbine Steam turbine

G

P

P

P

P P

P

IWPP: Independent Water and Power Plant

Gas Turbine “H25” : One of potential solution for desalination system

Fresh water

Seawater

Desalination plant

using RO membrane

Power to plant Power to sell

Engineering Tool

4. New Challenges


4-3. R&D on Desalination in Progress

“Mega-ton Water System” National Project of Japan (2010-2013) Project to develop 1M m3/d scale desalination plant.

CAPEX: Capital Expenditure, OPEX: Operational Expenditure

The project aims at: CAPEX reduction → Improvement of RO recovery , minimize construction period, etc. OPEX reduction → Decrease of chemical usage, improvement of membrane life cycle, etc.

Director:Dr.Kurihara Toray, Tokyo Univ, Hitachi, etc.

4. New Challenges


4-4. Intelligent Water System: IWS

System Concept: “Smart Grid of the Water”

Sewage treatment MBR plant

Recyclin

g

water

Industrial waste water

treatment plant

Residential

Industrial

Water distribution

control system

Water purification membrane plant

Sew

age Data Center

IWS

ICT: Information & Communication Technology, MBR: Membrane Bio-reactor

Waste

water

Step1: Water Demand Forecasting

Step2: Water Production Planning

Step3: Water Distribution Control

Safe, secure and energy-saving

Optimization of region-scale water use by combination of ICT with water plants

Rural

4. New Challenges

Plant data Acquisition & Control

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water treatment systems for safe and secure water use · 2013-12-11 · water quality analysis...

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