Design of water supply system of Tonk city using water CAD

Design of water supply system of Tonk city using water CAD Presented by Narendra Kumar M.Tech (EE) Roll no. 121660

contentsIntroduction.Overview of WSS.System components & description.Water treatment plant process & flow layout.Storage reservoirs & distribution network theories.Selection of pipe material for distribution & conveying mains.Scope of thesis work.Tonk city profile & existing situation-data collection.

Comprehensive water supply system design for the city.Population projection for the ultimate year & demand forecast.Gap study analysis between present & future demand.Issues & challenges in water supply system in the city. future strategies & adequacy.Way forward.Analysis of non revenue water.

Overview of WSS.A water supply system or water supply network is a system of engineering hydraulic & hydraulic components which provide cleaned & aesthetic quality supply of water to the human beings.A set of hydraulic pumps, storage reservoirs, filtration unit, pumping stations & elevated reservoirs including distribution network pipelines & consumer metering.Description also includes-water quality standards, availability of water sources, appropriate flow rate, pressure are needed for effective use.System components &descriptionSources of water-surface & ground waterCatchment-water supply & quality land use.Pumping or gravity system withdrawing water from source.Water treatment plant.Storage reservoirs ( CWR & ESR)Distribution network.User-general public potable.

Water treatment process & flow layoutTreated methods-Flocculation/coagulation methodsFiltration-to remove clay, silts, natural OM, Fe & Mg.Ion exchange-to remove excess fluoride, Ar, nitrates, hard water treatment.Disinfection(chlorination/ ozonation)Absorption through activated carbon removing organic contaminants, unwanted coloring, taste & odour.

Flow chart

Storage reservoirs & DN theoriesObjective-To store the clear treated water & to give desired pressure in the distribution line for every consumer.Treated water is pumped to a storage tank, those are elevated( ESR-OHSR , CWR & GSR)ST serves two purposes-I. store water until it is needed which reduces the peak demand on the treatment facility .II.ESR creates pressure in the WDN.

Distribution network contains water pipelines, fitting valves, service lines ,metering & fire hydrants.Two types of distribution network are:I . Loop system. II. Branch system- parallel & series.Loop system are more desirable because it provide redundancy due to installed isolation valves , these valves creates flow more than one direction, if leak occurs no need to shut down entire system.Whereas in branch if leak occurs entire system must be shutdown to repair a leak.For DN gravity system is more reliable & pumping system is provided for reliability.Selection of pipe material-It depends on the topographical land use pattern & feasibility of the system. CPHEO & EPA guidelines decide the size standard, material of the pipes.Pipe materials-ductile iron, plastics (HDPE/PVC)Reinforced concrete, steel, Cast Iron or asbestos cement. SDR-standard dimensions ratio is used it is the ratio of pipe diameter to pipe wall thickness.Pipe strength depends on the size, thickness, load, trench, depth & pressure. 10Joints & valves are used in the DN .Types of joints- Compression Mechanical.Flanged.Solvent & soldered.Types of valves used-Gate/ butterfly/swing.Check valves( permit water flow in one direction only)Automatic valves.Pressure reducing valves & solenoid.Altitude valves ( control flow into &out of a storage tank)Solenoid pilot valves ( electric current)

Evaluating criteria-Supply + storage must meet current daily demand.Intake capacity must be designed large enough to handle demand. It must be reliable .Pumping capacity should be reliable .Design life of pumping network -40 to 50 years.Large mains size-12 sub mains size-6 or 8Typical distribution pressure-65-75psi, designed for 150 psi pressure can cause leak & damage to the system.Consumer-for residential minimum pressure should be 40psi.pressure reducing valve are used for this purpose.

For industrial & commercial consumers more pressure is required ,so for that purpose maximum DP should be 80psi. Pumps can be used to increase pressure.Adequate supply of pure drinkable water with uniform pressure & flow rate are main objective.Drinkable water should be appetizing & tempting, colorless, clear, cold, odorless & perfectly fresh with regards to taste.Design for