water security - putting the concept into practice. by eelco van beek
TRANSCRIPT
Water Security:
Putting the Concept
into Practice
1
Key questions addressed in the BP
1. What is WS?• dimensions
• definition
2. How does WS relate to IWRM?
3. How to make WS operational?
Dimensions of WS
• Literature lists many dimensions, depending on
(narrow) disciplinary framing
• Main elements• Ensuring availability of adequate and reliable water resources
• Mitigating water-related risks (floods, droughts, etc.)
• Avoiding conflicts
• Dimensions• Economic
• Social
• Environmental
3
Definition of WS• Most common definition used (Grey and Sadoff – 2007)
“The availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health,
livelihoods, ecosystems and production, coupled with an acceptable level
of water related risks to people”
• UN definition (UN-Water Analytical Brief - 2013)
“The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate
quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human
well-being, and socio-economic development, for ensuring protection
against water-borne pollution and water-related disasters, and for
preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability”
• Decision of TEC was not to come with a new/own definition
4
IWRM and WS
• Water Security and IWRM are symbiotic
– IWRM focuses on process / governance
– Water Security specifies what we aim to achieve
Defining water security
DimensionsIndicatorsTargets
Quantifying water
securityPresent situation
MeasuresScoring
Water Security
Defining water security
DimensionsIndicatorsTargets
Quantifying water
securityPresent situation
MeasuresScoring
Water SecurityIWRM in the Planning Cycle
Quantifying WS
• Why?
• Full WS can never be achieved
• But we can increase WS
• How much? – quantification needed
• Two approaches
• Developmental approach
• Risk-based approach
6
• Applied at country level for ADB countries
• some pilot applications at river
basin scale
• For GWP also applied to selected countries in other regions
7
Example of
Development approach:
AWDO 2013
Building blocks for quantifying WS
• Inspired by approach AWDO 2013
• Users are given the freedom to adapt the
framework to their specific needs
• Elements:
• Vision / goals
• Key Dimensions (KDs)
• Indicators
• taking IWRM criteria (3 E’s) into account
8
Water Security Framework
• Key dimensions
• IWRM criteria-economic efficiency
-social equity
-environ. sustainability
Selected indicators for 5 Key
Dimensions
= filling in of table
xxx
Case
IssuesStake-
holders
DM’s
Step 1: Select relevant
indicators
Step 2: Determine
actions and assess
impacts
Step 3: Show indices
for presentation and
decision making
Quantification / scoring on indicators
- data
- analysis
- expert judgement Performance indicators Base
unit 2010 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021 2015 2021
General
Population (medium scenario) 1000 people 2.780 - - 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198 2.978 3.198
- urban 1000 people 1.760 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143 1.921 2.143
- rural 1000 people 1.020 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 1.057 1.055 urban ratio % 63,3% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0% 64,5% 67,0%
Storage capacity in reservoirs MCM
Water for people
% people access to safe drinking water % 50,0% 63,0% 72,7%
% people access to sanitation facilities %
Water for food
Irrigation area 1000 ha# animal water points #
Water for industry, mining and energy
Water supplied to mining %
Water supplied to industry %
Hydropower generated KWh
Water for environment
Protected watershed area km2Number of springs/sources protected #
Capacity WWTP inh-equiv.
Water treatment level UB 0-10
Enabling institutional and managerial setting
Institutional capacitycentral level 0-10
riverbasin level 0-10
Policy and legal situation 0-10Assessment capacity (observation network)
Monitoring situation surface water 0-10
Monitoring situation groundwater 0-10
Implementation costs
Investment level MNT/yr
Targets
Alternative strategies
Strategy 1 Strategy 2 Strategy 3
Presentation (example)
Decisionmaking
Example: Brantas - Indonesia
Application of WS
To show the present
status (how good are
we?)
To show how better we
will perform if we
implement measures
To compare with other
countries Green: before-after plan
Red: Indonesia
AWDO comparison 2013Asian countries
Indonesia
New Zealand
Afghanistan
Or a scorecard
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Main messages of this BP
1. What is WS?• Multiple dimensions to be considered together
• Working definition of WS is provided
2. How does WS relate to IWRM?• IWRM process can increase WS
3. How to make WS operational?• Choose developmental or risk-based approach
• Determine scale and purpose of analysis
• Choose appropriate key dimensions & indicators