Manthan Topic : Providing clean drinking water and proper sanitation facility to all

Team Details

1) Ajinkya Shirbhate (coordinator) 2) Jhapendra Rana 3) Vikas Agrawal 4) Suresh Choudhary 5) Shivshankar Gupta

Towards Cleaner India

1.7 million (22% of world total) of the Under-5 children that died in 2010 were Indian.

Diarrhea in one among the largest killer diseases (13% deaths).

Worldwide over 80% of diarrheal deaths are due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.

India has around 81.4 crore people without safe sanitation.

Over 50% of India or 63.8 crore people defecate in the open, as against 7% in Bangladesh.

9.7 crore people in the country lack access to safe drinking water.

Water-borne diseases have been claiming the lives of about 15 lakh children annually.

During the course of the 20th century, global water consumption rose six fold, more than double the rate of population growth. India is expanding by 200 million people every year.

A report by the Indian Urban Development Ministery shows that as many as 4,861 of the 5,161 cities across the country do not have even a partial sewage network.

Global Child Mortality: Estimates of Levels and Causes for 2000-2010 (preliminary results)-Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University.

Why Clean Water And Sanitation ?

How Bigger The Problem is ?

WATER

88 per cent of the population of 1.2 billion has access to drinking water from improved sources in 2008, as compared to 68 per cent in 1990.

Only a quarter the total population in India has drinking water on their premise.

Women, who have to collect the drinking water, are vulnerable to a number of unsafe practices. Only 13 per cent of adult males collect water.

Sixty seven per cent of Indian households do not treat their drinking water, even though it could be chemically or bacterially contaminated

SANITATION

Only 31 per cent of India’s population use improved sanitation (2008)

In rural India 21 per cent use improved sanitation facilities (2008)

One Hundred Forty Five million people in rural India gained access to improved sanitation between 1990-2008

Two hundred and Eleven Million people gained access to improved sanitation in whole of India between 1990-2008

India is home to 638 million people defecating in the open; over 50 per cent of the population.

In Bangladesh and Brazil, only seven per cent of the population defecate in the open. In China, only four per cent of the population defecate in the open.

MDG Sanitation Target

To Provide Safe Drinking Water

Planning at country level to achieve the target

─ Ownership and governance / Promotion of political will

Providing safe drinking water supply

─ Full use of traditional system and site-specific technologies

Maintenance of existing systems

─ Rehabilitation and improved operation and maintenance of existing systems

Compulsory rain water harvesting in for each and every Building of every city.

Proper Rain water Collection planning.

Capacity building

─ Human resources and institutional building

─ Synergy among partners

Rain Water harvesting Techniques

a) Open well method b) Bore well method c) Percolation / Recharge pit

e) Percolation/Recharge pit with bore d) Roof water pipe to well

f) Recharge trench

g) Recharge trench with bore

h) Recharge well cum bore

I ) Recharge shaft

Climate,

Culture,

Public

Acceptance

Socio-

economics Technology

Water

Resources,

Natural

Environment

Keys to Sustainable Progress in Sanitation

To Improve Sanitation

Expanding & improving

sanitation services which should be

affordable and socially and

culturally acceptable.

Promoting safe hygiene,

Education & Practices.

Develop Technical and Financial

Capability

Flush or pour –flush to: - piped sewer system - septic tank - pit latrine

Water Quality Monitoring “Stages”

Online Water Quality Monitoring

Water Quality Monitoring

Good Governance and Broad Participation

Government

Citizen Private Sector

Schools

NGOs

Community

Leaders

Other Stakeholders

Health

Workers

Mass Media

Policy Making and Public Awareness

Institutional/Financial/Technological Arrangement

Technical Advisors

1) Life Straw The Life straw is a small cigar-shaped tube packed

with some truly innovative engineering. The Life straw is an inexpensive way to deliver

potable water to Those in need. This clever design purifies water from potential

pathogens like typhoid, cholera, dysentery And Diarrhea-all Before they Reach your lips.

3) Water Purifying Bicycle

2) Ceramic Water Filters In 2008 UNICEF and the Water and Sanitation Program were given the

Project Innovation Award Grand Prize by the International Water Association for providing Cambodia with ceramic water filters.

Developed in a joint effort between WSP and UNICEF, the filters are made from fired clay, and the tiny pores of the ceramic material are small enough to remove virtually all bacteria and protozoa.

The Design Utilizes gravity to facilitate the filtration process resulting flow rate 1-3 liter per hour.

Japan’s Nippon Basic Company recently introduced what they are calling, the “Cycloclean,” a water-purifying bike initially designed for use in remote villages and disaster zones. The Cycloclean harness kinetic energy to purify water, and users can ride the bike to any nearby body of water for immediate access to a source of potable drinking water.

6 Water-purifying Devices for Clean Drinking Water

4) Life Sack

6) Hamster Ball-Shaped Solar ball

5) “Pure” Water Bottle Filters Water with UV Rays This Device Life Sack Not only does this clever

design purify water — it also doubles as a container for shipping grains and other food staples

the Life sack uses SODIS (Solar Water Disinfection Process) technology: UV-A-radiation and the bag’s thermal treatment process work together to kill deadly microorganisms and bacteria in water.

A device that is capable of filtering soiled water in two minutes by using a combination of 4 micron-sized water filters and a wind-up ultraviolet light system. This combinations removes up to 99.9% of impurities from any water source, and it could be a valuable asset for people in developing nations.

Designed by Jonathan Liow, a graduate student at Monash University, the Solar Ball is a cylindrical shaped device that utilizes the power of the sun to purify water.

When placed in the sun, the Solar ball uses evaporation to separate dirt and contaminants. The resulting condensations yields just over three quarts of potable water per day.

The ball is inexpensive and relatively small in size, making it easy to transport.

Appendix

References

Ministry of Rural Development Sites of Unicef, WHO & MDG Surat Municipal corporation Third World Academy of Sciences Naandi.org Inhabitat.com