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TRANSCRIPT
Basic access to water and sanitation is fundamental to human survival, growth and prosperity. It has been declared a human right by the United Nations. Between 1990 and 2010 more than two billion people have gained access to improved water sources and almost 1.9 billion to improved sanitation. This is good news. However, with nearly one billion people today who lack safe water and with 2.5 billion who still lack access to improved sanitation, improvements need to happen faster and on a much larger scale. This is essential to reaching the World Bank Group’s two corporate goals, to end extreme poverty by 2030 and boost shared prosperity for the poorest 40 percent of the population.
Conventional approaches such as financial support to construct toilets or water pipes have proven insufficient to translate to sustained usage at scale. One of the most significant innovations in water and sanitation in recent years is the focus on behavior change interventions as a key ingredient necessary for sustainable access to billions of people.
This year, the World Bank/Water and Sanitation Program cartoon calendar depicts water and sanitation challenges through a behavior change lens to help demystify some of the nuances that must be understood in order to succeed.
We thank the talented artists from around the world who helped us craft these critical messages with creativity and passion, while staying true to the calendar’s tradition of raising awareness through humor.
Wishing you a fruitful and impactful 2014.
Water, Sanitation and Behavior Change 2014
Jose-Luis IrigoyenDirectorTransport, Water, and Information & Communications TechnologySustainable Development Vice PresidencyThe World Bank
Jaehyang SoManagerThe Water and Sanitation ProgramThe Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org)
is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
Water and Sanitation ProgramThe World Bank55 Lodi EstateNew Delhi 110003, India
Telephone: (91-11) 41479301Telefax: (91-11) 24628250E-mail: [email protected]
World Bank/Water and Sanitation Program1818 H Street, N.W. Washington D.C. 20433, United States of America
Telephone: (1-202) 4735977, Telefax: (1-202) 5223313, 5223228, E-mail: [email protected]
Water and Sanitation ProgramDelta Center, Menengai Road, Upper Hill, P. O. Box 30577–00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Telephone: +254 20 2936000Office cellphone: +254 719 057000, +254 730 176000Fax number: +254 20 2936382E-mail: [email protected]
Water and Sanitation ProgramWorld Bank Office, LimaAlvarez Calderón N. 185San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
Telephone: (51-1) 6222385Telefax: (51-1) 6222379E-mail: [email protected]
Water and Sanitation ProgramWorld Bank Office JakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange BuildingTower 1, 9th Floor,Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 52-53,Jakarta 12190, Indonesia
Telephone: (62-21) 52993003Telefax: (62-21) 52993004E-mail: [email protected]
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
www.wsp.orgFor comments on the calendar, please write to us at: [email protected] @WSPWorldBank
Sources
January: IBNET and Kingdom, B., Liemberger, R., and Marin, P. (2006). The Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in Developing Countries.
February: JMP Report 2012 and WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013 – India country profile
March: UNICEF (2012). WASH for School Children: State-of-the-art in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
April: Cairncross, S. et al (2010). Water, sanitation, and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea, International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 39
May: Sanitation Drive to 2015 (2013). Sanitation sustains clean environments.
June: UNEP (2008). An Overview of the State of the World’s Fresh and Marine Waters – 2nd edition.
July: Spears, D. and Lamba, S. (2013). Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Sanitation on Childhood Cognitive Skills, World Bank Policy Research Paper.
August: Mukherjee, N. (2006). Voices of the Poor: Making Services Work for the Poor in Indonesia.
September: Devine, J. and Peschiera, R. (2010). Peru: A Handwashing Behavior Change Journey, WSP Learning Note.
October: http://ctb.ku.edu/en
November: Sy, J. and Warner, R. (2013). Tapping the market: Domestic private sector constraints to investing in sanitation for the poor, WSP-IFC Report.
December: Robert G. Cooper. (2011). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch.
Designed by: Roots A
dvertising Services Pvt. Ltd., IndiaPrinted by: PS Press Services Pvt. Ltd., India
These cartoons were reproduced in WSP’s Calendar for the year 2013.
Water, Sanitation and Behavior Change
C a l e n d a r 2014
Vladimir KadyrbaevVladimir Kadyrbaev is a well-known cartoonist from Kazakhstan. Trained as a physicist, he began his career as a schoolteacher, later being drawn more exclusively to creative arts. Since 1985, his cartoons have been published daily in many newspapers in Kazakhstan and Russia. He also produced an animated cartoon movie in 2006. He has won multiple prizes at international cartoon exhibitions in Belgium, Canada, Italy, Poland, Turkey, and more.
Jesus Felix-Diaz (Polo Verde)Jesus Felix-Diaz is a young Peruvian graphic artist graduated from PUCP’s Faculty of Arts. Jesus specializes in 2D animation and character design for brands such as Inca Kola, Milo, Brahma, among others. He currently teaches graphic design at university level and performs as freelance artist. Jesus has published covers pages and illustrations for magazines and newspapers such as Poder, Dedo Medio and Moda. His best creations are published in www.behance.net/poloverde
Sudhir DarSudhir Dar is one of India’s most eminent cartoonists and lives in New Delhi. He has delighted millions of readers for almost four decades with a pocket cartoon called ‘This is it!’. Dar is a winner of several national and international awards and has featured in The New York Times, The Washington Post and several other prestigious publications worldwide. MAD magazine called him a ‘Tasty Indian Nut’.
Wisnoe LeeWisnoe Lee is a Jakarta-based artist whose cartoon characters and illustrations appear in a gamut of ads from sleek cars to mobile phone service providers. While Wisnoe has created a number of different comic strips, his pet project is an online series, Gibug, which features a corrupt official who has lost everything and is given a second chance – living a simple life as a whimsical bajaj (tricycle) driver roaming around the notorious streets of Jakarta with his cat, Oncom.
Victor NdulaVictor Ndula is an editorial cartoonist who lives and works in Nairobi, Kenya, he is published daily under the caption “Victor’s view.” Drawing cartoons for roughly a decade, Victor continues to lend his voice to social commentary through his cartoons. A member of the global organization Cartoon Movement, he has attended and exhibited his work at Cartoon festivals in Switzerland and France. His work has also been exhibited in Peru, Doha, Qatar, Amsterdam and at the London School of Economics (LSE). Victor Ndula was recognized as Cartoonist of the Year in 2010 and Best Editorial Cartoonist of the Year in 2010 by KATUNI (East African Association of Cartoonists) and Best Editorial Cartoonist in 2012 by the Media Council of Kenya.
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
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JANUARY 2014
© The World Bank Non-revenue water (NRW), or water that has been produced and “lost” before it reaches the customer, is estimated to be around 15% in developed countries and 35%-50% in developing countries.
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
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© The World Bank While smoking in public places is prohibited in India since 2008 and local government institutions have tried to ban open defecation practices, 15% of India’s adult population smokes and 50% practices open defecation.
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
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MARCH 2014
© The World Bank In addition to cultural taboos restricting the activities of menstruating girls and women, girls often miss school due to the lack of proper sanitation facilities. In some areas, girls are likely to miss three to four days in a month, which is 20% of total school attendance.
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
APRIL 2014
© The World Bank The simple act of washing hands with soap can cut the risk of diarrhea by 48%
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
MAY 2014
© The World Bank In the developing world, roughly 90% of sewage is discharged untreated into rivers, lakes and coastal areas, with a widespread negative impact on health.
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
JUNE 2014
© The World Bank It is estimated that two out of every three people will live in water-stressed areas by the year 2025.
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
JULY 2014
© The World Bank Studies increasingly show a link between open defecation and child stunting, impeding brain development, cognitive achievement, human capital and poor health outcomes later in life.
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
AUGUST 2014
© The World Bank Poor people all around the world who don’t have access to public water services often end up paying much more for water. In Indonesia, this is estimated at 15 to 33 times the water utilities tariff.
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
SEPTEMBER 2014
© The World Bank There is no magic recipe for behavior change: a mix of action and integration with public programs provide a strong platform for sustainability. In Peru, a handwashing behavior change intervention reached more than 6.5 million people through radio spots, direct costumer contact events, and activities of front-line workers.
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
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OCTOBER 2014
© The World Bank Behavior change is a process not an event. Supporting behavior change involves providing the environment, circumstances, equipment, information, and logistical and psychological assistance which make it possible for people to take action to change their behavior.
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
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NOVEMBER 2014
© The World Bank With innovative approaches to market services, the private sector could tap into a market worth nearly US$2.6 billion in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Peru, and Tanzania alone by providing affordable products and services that meet the preferences and budgets of the poorest people.
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
DECEMBER 2014
© The World Bank Successful sanitation products require solid assessments of consumer preferences. Products supported by market research are 3x more likely to be successful.
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The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
Water and Sanitation ProgramThe World Bank55 Lodi EstateNew Delhi 110003, India
Telephone: (91-11) 41479301Telefax: (91-11) 24628250E-mail: [email protected]
World Bank/Water and Sanitation Program1818 H Street, N.W. Washington D.C. 20433, United States of America
Telephone: (1-202) 4735977, Telefax: (1-202) 5223313, 5223228, E-mail: [email protected]
Water and Sanitation ProgramDelta Center, Menengai Road, Upper Hill, P. O. Box 30577–00100, Nairobi, Kenya
Telephone: +254 20 2936000Office cellphone: +254 719 057000, +254 730 176000Fax number: +254 20 2936382E-mail: [email protected]
Water and Sanitation ProgramWorld Bank Office, LimaAlvarez Calderón N. 185San Isidro, Lima 27, Perú
Telephone: (51-1) 6222385Telefax: (51-1) 6222379E-mail: [email protected]
Water and Sanitation ProgramWorld Bank Office JakartaIndonesia Stock Exchange BuildingTower 1, 9th Floor,Jl. Jend. Sudirman Kav. 52-53,Jakarta 12190, Indonesia
Telephone: (62-21) 52993003Telefax: (62-21) 52993004E-mail: [email protected]
The Water and Sanitation Program (www.wsp.org) is a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank to support poor people in obtaining affordable, safe, and sustainable access to water and sanitation services.
www.wsp.orgFor comments on the calendar, please write to us at: [email protected] @WSPWorldBank
Sources
January: IBNET and Kingdom, B., Liemberger, R., and Marin, P. (2006). The Challenge of Reducing Non-Revenue Water (NRW) in Developing Countries.
February: JMP Report 2012 and WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013 – India country profile
March: UNICEF (2012). WASH for School Children: State-of-the-art in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
April: Cairncross, S. et al (2010). Water, sanitation, and hygiene for the prevention of diarrhoea, International Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 39
May: Sanitation Drive to 2015 (2013). Sanitation sustains clean environments.
June: UNEP (2008). An Overview of the State of the World’s Fresh and Marine Waters – 2nd edition.
July: Spears, D. and Lamba, S. (2013). Effects of Early-Life Exposure to Sanitation on Childhood Cognitive Skills, World Bank Policy Research Paper.
August: Mukherjee, N. (2006). Voices of the Poor: Making Services Work for the Poor in Indonesia.
September: Devine, J. and Peschiera, R. (2010). Peru: A Handwashing Behavior Change Journey, WSP Learning Note.
October: http://ctb.ku.edu/en
November: Sy, J. and Warner, R. (2013). Tapping the market: Domestic private sector constraints to investing in sanitation for the poor, WSP-IFC Report.
December: Robert G. Cooper. (2011). Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch.
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These cartoons were reproduced in WSP’s Calendar for the year 2013.