MADATSST &

MUKUND INGLE

PRESENT

WATER RESOURCE

Mr. Mukund B. Ingle

WATER – Some Facts & Figures

96.5% is present in the from sea water. 2.5% is present as fresh water. 70% of fresh water is present in the form ice and

glaciers. India receives 4% of world’s precipitation. 1,897 sp. Km per annum is renewable water

resource in India. By 2025, large parts of India will face acute water

shortage.

CAUSES OF WATER SCARCITY

Natural Cause: Due to some climatic reasons, there is less or no rainfall. Excessive use of Water: People use and waste water excessively Urbanization: Growing up of cities in last century has increased the

demand of water too much. Industrialization: The huge demand of water from industries has divided

the use of water Agriculture: As population increased, the demand of food grew and

burdened the water resource. Pollution: Due to industrial and domestic waste, rivers are being

polluted and increasing health hazard.

DAMS

A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment.

Dams are classified according to structure, intended purpose or height.

Based on structure and the materials used, dams are classified as timber dams, embankment dams or masonry dams, with several subtypes.

According to the height, dams can be categorized as large dams and major dams or alternatively as low dams, medium height dams and high dams.

MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECTS

Built with more advance technologies and materials.

Fulfill more than one or two purposes. They are comparatively big and large in

size.

BENEFITS OF MULTI-PUPOSE PROJECTS Serve as water storage Provide water for agriculture Help for fish-breeding Work as water transportation Water reservoir can be used as tourist spot as they attract birds. Hydro-Electricity.

Multi-purpose projects, launched after Independence with their integrated water resources management approach, were thought of as the vehicle that would lead the nation to development and progress, overcoming the handicap of its colonial past.

So Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams as the ‘temples of modern India’.

DISADVANTAGES OF MULTI-PURPOSE PROJECTS

Displacement of people Deforestation Sedimentation Back water floods Water bond diseases Changing crop pattern

▪ So in recent years, multi-purpose projects and large dams have come under great scrutiny and opposition for a variety of reasons.

RAINWATER HARVESTING

It means that storing or releasing rain water direct to underground water.

Ancient Examples: ‘Guls’ or ‘Kuls’ (Hilly Areas) Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting (Rajasthan) Inundation Channels ( Flood Plains Areas) ‘Khadins’ and Johads’ (Jaisalmer and some parts

of Rajasthan)

RAINWATER HARVESTING

Tanka System: Semi arid regions of Rajasthan – Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer Size – 6.1 meters deep, 4.27 meters long and 2.44 meters wide. Built inside the house or country yard, well connected to rain

water falling on the roof through pipes. First water is not collected due to cleaning purpose. Water stored

in these tankas is called ‘Palar pani’ means pure water. Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the

‘tanka’ to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool. Tamil Nadu is the state that made rain water harvesting system

compulsory to all houses.

RAINWATER HARVESTING

Bamboo Drip Irrigation System: In Meghalaya, more than 200 years old system. Carried through bamboo pipes and given to plants Water is carried from high to low altitude from

perennial springs. The flow of water into the pipes is controlled by

manipulating pipe position. If pipes pass the road, they are taken high from the

roads.

THANK YOU