Presented to-

Amit Kumar Das

Assistant Professor

DBA-JNSMS

Presented by-

Barsha Paul (07)

Debajyoti Paul (14)

Devismita Dutta (19)

Joyjit Mazumder (28)

Nibedita Chakraborty (36)

•Water resource management is the activity of planning,

developing, distributing and managing the optimum

utilizations of water resources.

•In this era, Water-resources management issues have

become so impressing that the World Economic Forum

named water as one of its top challenges.

•In the development and management of water resources,

dam plays an important role.

Water resources are the sources ofwater that are potentially useful foragricultural, industrial, household,recreational and environmentalactivities.

WATER RESOURCE

WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

•Activity of planning, developing, distributing and

managing the optimum utilisations of water

resources.

•Water resource management planning has regard

to all the competing demands for water and seeks

to allocate water on an equitable basis to satisfy all

uses and demands.

Agriculture is the largest user of the world's

freshwater resources, consuming 70 percent.

WATER'S BIGGEST CONSUMER

• Improve data related to water;

• Reform water governance;

• Revitalize agricultural water use;

• Manage urban and industrial demand; and

• Empower the poor and women in water

resource management.

A dam is a barrier that impounds water or

underground streams. Dams generally serve the

primary purpose of retaining water, while other

structures such as floodgates or levees (also known as

dikes) are used to manage or prevent water flow into

specific land regions. Hydropower and pumped-

storage hydroelectricity are often used in conjunction

with dams to generate electricity. A dam can also be

used to collect water or for storage of water which can

be evenly distributed between locations.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE

CONSTRUCTION OF DAMS

POSITIVE IMPACTS

NEGATIVE IMPACTS:

IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT.

IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ENVIRONMENT.

IMPACTS ON CULTURAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT.

• Flood control benefits.

• Land improvement benefits

• Electricity energy benefits

• Transportation benefits

• Drinking water and domestic water benefits

• Irrigation benefits

IMPACTS ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

•Loss of vegetal cover.

•Reduces the faunal species.

•Threat to medicinal plants .

•Deforestation

IMPACTS ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL

ENVIRONMENT :

•Changes in the microclimate

•Landslides and Soil erosion.

•Variation in water table.

•Siltation and nutrients variation.

•Decrease flow-rate of the river downstream.

•Submergence of land

•Solid Waste Problem

•Seismic activity

IMPACTS ON CULTURAL AND SOCIO ECONOMIC

ENVIRONMENT

•Dislocation of people

•Problem of host communities.

•Public agitations.

How to mitigate the environmental impacts ?

To mitigate the negative impacts of dams, the first step which should

be taken is choosing the right location for construction of a dam.

One of the best places for building a dam is a narrow part of a deep

river valley; the valley sides can then act as natural walls.

While building a dam, the engineers should examine the following:

•Permeability of the surrounding rock or soil.

•Earthquake faults.

•Landslides and slope stability.

•Water table.

•Peak flood flows.

•Reservoir silting.

•Environmental impacts on river fisheries, forests and wildlife.

Controversies on Construction of Dams

•Zangmu Dam

The Zangmu Dam is a gravity dam currently under construction on

the Brahmaputra River 9km (5.6m) northwest of Gyaca in the Tibet

Autonomous Region of China. The purpose of the dam is

hydroelectric power production using run of the river technology. It

is the part of Zangmu Hydropower project and it will support a 510

MW power station. Construction began in 2009 and is expected to be

complete in 2015. It will be the first dam on the

Brahmaputra/yarlung Zangbo River and has caused controversy in

India which lies downstream.

•KALABAG DAM

The Kalabag Dam is a proposed hydroelectric Dam on the Indus

River at Kalabag in the Mianwali district of Punjab province in

Pakistan. Intensely debated and deemed a necessity since its

inception, if constructed the Dam would have 3600 Megawatts of

electric generation capacity. In December 2004, then President of

Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf announced that he would build

the Dam to serve the larger interest of Pakistan. However, on 26th

May 2008, the Federal Minister for Water and Power of Pakistan,

Raja Pervez Ashraf, said that “Kalabag Dam would not be

constructed “ and that the Project had been cancelled due to

“opposition from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and other

stakeholders, the project was no longer feasible. In 2010 after the

worst flood in Pakistani history, the Prime Minister of Pakistan,

Yousuf Raza Gilani, stated flood damaged would minimized is the

Kalabag Dam were built.

ANALYSIS

TIPAIMUKH DAM

Tipaimukh dam is proposed embankment dam on the river Barak in

Manipur state India, first commission in 1984. The purpose of the dam is

flood control and power generation. It has been subject to repeated

delays as the developed; as there has been controversy between India and

Bangladesh over water rights in addition to the question of

environmental effect of the huge project, as well as the need to relocate

Manipuri people to make way for the vast reservoir. In 2013 the

Government of India and Bangladesh announced further delays, as the

latter nation undertakes additional studies about expected effects and

mitigating measures.

Technical Features :

The dam is planned to be 390 m long around 162.8m high, across the

Barak River, which entire Bangladesh below the proposed Dam

location. The dams crest evaluation will be at an altitude of about

180m above mean sea level, with a maximum reservoir level of 178m.

The dam was originally designed for flood control, to contain water

n he lower Barak valley. Hydropower generation was later

incorporated into the project. The project will have in installation

capacity of 1500MW supplied by 6250MW Francis turbine

generators.

Controversies :

Bangladeshi experts have said the massive dam will disrupt theseasonal rhythm of the river and have an adverse effect ondownstream agriculture and fisheries. The Government ofBangladesh has decided to send an expert team to the dam areato examine the features and likely impact of the dam on theflow of water into the Surma and kushiara.

Another is the environmental factor. The Tipaimukh area liesin an ecologically sensitive and topographically fragile region.It is within one of the most seismically volatile region on theplanet.In 2013 the two governments announced up to a 2years delay toallow Bangladesh to complete additional environmental studies.

•A dam is the cornerstone in the development andmanagement of water resources.

•The multipurpose dam is a very importantproject for developing countries, because thepopulation receives domestic and economicbenefits and sustainable development from asingle investment.

Role of Dam

Role Of Dam in :

a) Irrigation :• A majority of dams built

in the world are multipurpose in nature, but irrigation is the largest user of the waters withdrawn.

b) Hydroelectric Plants:

• Hydro electric plants capture the kinetic energy

of falling water to make electricity. They do this

with a dam, the dam forces the water level to go

up so that the water will have more power when

falling.

• The forces of the falling water pressing against

the turbine’s blades cause them to spin.

c) Water Supply For Domestic and Industrial use :

• Only few percent of fresh water are avail in earth

• Properly planned, designed and constructed and maintained dams plays a great role to store water contribute significantly toward fulfilling our water supply requirements

• Dams help to accommodate the variations in the hydrologic cycle, to store water and then provide more consistent supplies during shortages

d) Flood :

• Dams and reservoirs can be effectively used to

regulate river levels and flooding downstream of the

dam by temporarily storing the flood volume and

releasing it later.

• The most effective method of flood control is

accomplished by an integrated water management

plan for regulating the storage and discharges of

each of the main dams located in a river basin.

Dams play a great role in sustainable development in the economy .

• Employment opportunities have been generated, incidence of poverty has been reduced, rural population including nomads has been stabilised locally and migration of rural unemployed population to urban centres has been reversed.

• Food security to ever growing population, protection from floods and droughts to chronically vulnerable areas and generation of the cleanest form of energy, namely hydropower, are some other benefits of water resources development.

• Efforts are made by dam planners to maximise benefits, minimise costs and take care of risks by applying appropriate technology and design features.

CASE STUDY ON SUBANSIRI DAM

Subansiri Dam : It is located 2.3 km upstream of Gerukamukh village in Dhemaji district

The Subansiri Lower Dam , officially named Lower Subansiri

Hydroelectric Power Project (LSHEP), is an under construction

gravity dam on the Subansiri River in north-eastern India.

It is located 2.3 km (1.4 mi) upstream of Gerukamukh village in

Dhemaji district and lower Subansiri district on the border of Assam

and Arunachal Pradesh states.

Described as a run-of-the-river project by NHPC Limited, the

Project is expected to supply a 2,000 MW power when completed.

The project has experienced several problems during construction

to include landslides, re-design and opposition. It was expected to be

complete in 2018. It is notable that, if completed as planned, it will

be the largest hydroelectric project in India.

SUBANSIRI DAM

CONSTRUCTION :

Construction of Subansiri Lower Project involves

many challenges. These include land not being

available when Width 150 m (492 ft) construction

was scheduled to commence, a limited annual

construction time because of monsoons (from mid-

April to mid-October), the need to handle high

flood flows and poor rock conditions. The design of

the dam has undergone drastic and repeated

revisions that have affected the schedule and

planning of the construction work.

Environmental impact

Some environmental impacts unique to very large dams will result from

completion of the Subansiri Project, both upstream and downstream of

the dam site. These impacts will include ecosystem damage and loss of

land.

The reservoir of the Subansiri Project will submerge a 47 km (29 mi)

length of the Subansiri river and destroy 37.5–40 square kilometres

(14.5–15.4 sq mi) which includes Himalayan subtropical pine forests,

Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests, part of the Tale Valley Wildlife

Sanctuary, an elephant corridor and some subsistence agriculture fields.

Thirty eight families will be displaced if the dam is completed, according

to official data

Downstream

Water flow downstream will be regulated by the dam

which is expected to result in low releases (6 m / 3sec)

during winter and very high releases (2,560 m / 3sec) when

energy is being generated.

The project has met stiff resistance from several groups

including All Assam Students’ Union and the Krishak

Mukti Sangram Samiti, who are apprehensive about safety

and the project’s downstream impact

OPINION

Water Resource Management has become a just and must practice

all around the world. Because without proper utilization of water

resources, serious damage will happen this will cost life of huge no of

plants, animals and human beings.

Still today thousands of villages are there which are not getting a

drop of water in their living place they have to go miles away to get a

bucket of water even. But there are also infinite persons who waste

gallons of water daily. It is the time to think about it today itself and

try to be aware and make aware others about the management of

water resources in an effective and efficient manner.

OPINION

Dams are boon or bane? It is still a question being raised

everywhere. Well the fact is that how we use it depends on us.

Recently we saw what happened in the state of Uttarakhand and also

this year in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Assam.

We should make dams but only after proper geological study of the

place where it is being built. Dams can help us to prosper as well as

can make us suffer too. Because dams has many pros and cons so we

should make a dam at a place where it is justified to be made.