WATER POLLUTION HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES

Presented By :

Aby Benz

Shibi Joy

Dept. Of Physics

The Contamination of water with undesirable substances which make it unfit for usage is termed water Pollution.

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WATER POLLUTION GLOBAL IMPACTS

Oceans are polluted by oil spills. Nuclear wastes disposed from nuclear plants. Warm water dumping from thermal plant Oil mining leakage causes fatal damages coral-reef Disappearance of crustaceans Sediments from construction sites...

WATER POLLUTION DOMESTIC IMPACT

Chalakudy, Periyar, Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Pamba and Achenkovil indicacates major bacteriological pollution due to dumping of waste,bathing & discharge of effluents Ground water quality is affected by chemical & biological contaminents . About 60% of population relies on ground water. Ground water exploitation & contamination by industries & multi-nation co-operates reported from Kochi, Palakad, Kollam, Kannur

WATER POLLUTION

By Agricultural Sector Fertizing or manure spreading – Nutrient run-off, phosphorus leading to eutrophication, algal growth, fish kills, seepage to groundwater, nitrate in wells Pesticides run-off- contamination of surface water and biota, dysfunction of ecosystems, loss of top predators, public health impact Livestock corrals, contamination of surface water with bacteria, viruses, antibiotics

HAZARDS

WATER POLLUTION

HAZARDS Irrigation- run-off of salts, salinization, fertilizers, pesticides leading to ecosystem damage Clear cutting, erosion, high turbidity, siltation, higher rate of run-off Silviculture, erosion and sedimentation problems Aquaculture, release of high levels of nutrients, serious eutrophication

By Agricultural Sector

WATER POLLUTION

HAZARDS By Industrial sector

Industrial sector (400 mill tons per year – 70% not treated in developing countries) Microbiological contaminants, bacteria, viruses Chemicals e.g. solvents, organic and inorganic pesticides, PCBs Metals, lead, mercury, zinc, copper Nutrients Particulates and sediments Warm effluents Pharmaceuticals

WATER POLLUTION

HAZARDS Mining & domestic wastes

Acid drainage (pH 2-3) – Colorado State 23,000 abandone mines have polluted 2,300 km of stream Waste material as by products Materials used in extraction or processing (e.g. mercury) House holdwastes such as garbages,sewage ,effuent etc Septic tank over flows & improper disposal septic wastes

WATER POLLUTION

HUMAN IMPACT

Arsenic poisoning Severe flouride effects Trachoma Schistosomiasis

Biological hazards :

Chemical hazards :

Cholera , Ameobiasis, Dysentery, Diarrhoea Hepatitis A Malaria Polio

Lead poisoning Arsenic Posoning Flurosis Trachoma

WATER POLLUTION REMEDIAL MEASURES

Many planktonic algae

Murky water

Few predators

Many planktivors

Few zooplankton

The Evil Circle High Nutrients

No vegetation

Few planktonic algae

Clear water

Many predators

Few planktivors

Many zooplankton

The Good Circle Low Nutrients

Vegetation

Difference b/w evil cycle and good cycle

WATER POLLUTION REMEDIAL MEASURES

Remedial measure can be adopted in two steps :

1. Prevention of water pollution sources & conversion of the sources to other uses .( Bio-gas, Bio-tec ) 2. Reduction of contaminants from the water sources in a sustainable way

Sewage treatment process

Bore well construction

WATER POLLUTION REMEDIAL MEASURES 1. Prevention

Drainage systems should be well maintained and disposed . Medical wastes & hospital sewages should be eco-friendly disposed Usage of super bugs to reduce the oil contents over oceans Reduce the bore well usage which exploits ground water Awareness program should be periodically scheduled . Scientific usage of chemical fertilizers & pesticides Adopt scientific methods to destruct nuclear wastes

Sewage treatment plant Mosquito eradication

WATER POLLUTION REMEDIAL MEASURES 2. Reduction

For the reduction process water quality & contaminants has to be identified .

HACH TEST KIT - SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION

Constituents that can be toxic to biota & intense of contamination

Sampling – Labbakadavu region, Muvattupuzha

Adimali, region ,Idukki

Changes in levels of pH

Record Levels of fluoride, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron

Changes in temperature

Objectives

WATER POLLUTION

References

HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES

Manorama online Manorama Year book 2013 & 14 State of Environmental and Related issues (kerenvis.nic.in)

WATER POLLUTION HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES

Thank You “Lets do our part and pray for better tomorrow”