water needs in the middle east region shimon tal
TRANSCRIPT
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Water needs in the Middle East Region
___________________________
Shimon Tal
Water needs in the Middle East Water needs in the Middle East Region Region
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Shimon TalShimon Tal
R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
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The Extent of Water Shortage
R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
3R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
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The Extent of Water Shortage
200 m200 m33/y/capita /y/capita –– 40% of 40% of ““Shortage Red Shortage Red
LineLine”” of UNof UN
2025 2025 –– Domestic and Municipal needs Domestic and Municipal needs
onlyonly
Complicated OperationComplicated Operation
R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
5Extreme Scarcity
<500
Scarcity
500-1,000
Stress
1,000-1,700
Adequate
1,700-4,000
Abundant
4,000-10,000
Surplus
>10,000
Ocean/
Inland Water
No Data
m3/person/year
Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 1975Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2000Water Availability: 2025Water Availability: 2025Sub-national Water Availability: 2003
©2005 Cola-Cola Company. All rights Reserved
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Water Demand in the Region 2020
Population 24 M (Jordan, Palestinians, Israel)
Demand 5.1 BCM/Year 2.6 BCM/Year Agricultural
2.1 BCM/Year Domestic
0.4 BCM/ Year Industrial
Resources 5.1 BCM/Year 1.1 BCM/Year Recycled effluents
2.65 BCM/Year Natural resources
1.35 BCM/Year Manufactured water
Additional 80 MCM/year
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Red
Sea
Mediterranean
Sea
Dead Sea -420 m BSL
2000 mcm/y
Deslination Plant 850 mcm/y
200 km
Red-Sea Dead-Sea Canal
ISR
P.AJRD
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Regional Relationships and Solutions
Redistribution of scarce natural water Redistribution of scarce natural water
resources is not a solution in Waterresources is not a solution in Water--
Stressed Environments. Stressed Environments.
Water should be aWater should be a catalystcatalyst forfor
cooperationcooperation and not a cause for and not a cause for
arguments and disputes.arguments and disputes.
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Sustainable Approach - Objectives, Plans, Actions
Reliable Water Supply to meet all
needs
Improvement the efficiency of water
use
Significant improvements towards
conservation of the quality of natural water
resources & water systems
Institutional, administrative and
legal modifications to meet new approach
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Sustainability in Water Sector
Natural Resources
Quantity, Quality
Rivers, Floods,
Springs, Aquifers
WATER
RESOURCES
WATER
DEMAND
Manufactured Resources
New Water Resources
Treated Wastewater
Efficient Use
Essential needs and Quality of
Life
Domestic
Municipal
Industry
Public Requirements
National Interests
Agriculture (Open Lands, Congestion of
Population, Guarding of Borders, Keeping
National Lands)
Nature Purposes
Peace Process
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Production of Manufactured Fresh Water Resources in Large Scales
Sea Water Desalination Projects
In operation
Under construction
Tender process
Planned
Shomrat
30 MCM
Hadera
100 MCM
Palmakhim
30 MCM
Ashdod
45 MCM
Shafdan up to
200 MCM
Ashkelon 108 MCM In Operation
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Special site for P.A. and
Jordan
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Desalinated Sea Water Cost Range
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
YEAR
cent/m3
Ashkelon
Palmachim,
Haifa bayEilat
LARGE SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS
SMALL SWRO DESALINATION PLANTS
Trinidad
Larnaca
Malta
Source: ADAN
2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural 2010 ~300 MCM/y; 20% of Natural
Water ResourcesWater Resources
20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 0.4 20 Mg/l Chloride; 50Mg/l TDS; 0.4
Mg/l BoronMg/l Boron
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Reuse of All Sewage Effluents
Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 Reuse of 510 MCM/Year in 2010 (340 today)(340 today)
Sewage effluents for Agriculture Sewage effluents for Agriculture –– 50% 50%
of allocations in 2010of allocations in 2010
Tertiary treatment Tertiary treatment –– unrestricted unrestricted
irrigationirrigation
Nutrients and Salt RemovalNutrients and Salt Removal
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The development of water consumption in
Agriculture (M.C.M)
0
500
1000
1500
198019902001
total potable water marginal water
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Sustainability in Water Sector
%of Natural
Resources
TotalMCM/Y
Sewage
EffluentsMCM/Y
DesalinationMCM/Y
YearMCM/Y
18%28028002000
30%4603401202005
56%8755103652010
R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
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Water Conservation
Must become a way of life in our region! Must become a way of life in our region! Must become a way of life in our region!
� Advanced Technologies for Irrigation
– L.V. I. (Low Volume Irrigation)
Cheapest most available source of water
Education and Publicity
� Water Recycling (Grey Water, Car Wash)
� Water Saving Devices
Saving Water Technologies:
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Water Saving in Agricultural Sector
2.02
1.000.98
1.15
1.381.43
1.31
1.47 1.56
1.661.64
1.551.59
1.911.98
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Source: Israel Farmer’s Federation
Production per Water Unit
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18R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
Water and ConflictWater and Conflict
“Fierce competition for fresh water may well become a source of
conflict and wars in the future”
Kofi Annan, March 2001
19R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007
Water and ConflictWater and ConflictWater and Cooperation
“But the water problems of our world need not be only a cause
of tension;
They can also be a catalyst for cooperation
….If we work together, a secure and sustainable water future
can be ours”
Kofi Annan, February 2002
20R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P R.S.D.S.P --- Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007Geneva, June 2007