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Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

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Page 1: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012

Yardenna AlexandreIsrael Antiquities Authority

1

THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Page 2: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Israel Antiquities Authority

2

BET YERAH

EXCAVATION

R. JORDAN

Page 3: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

The Earthwork Damage

Israel Antiquities Authority 3

Page 4: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Basalt Pipeline

Israel Antiquities Authority 4

Page 5: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Basalt Pipeline

Israel Antiquities Authority 5

Page 6: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Basalt Pipeline

Israel Antiquities Authority

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Page 7: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Israel Antiquities Authority

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Page 8: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Clay pipeline

Clay pipeline uncovered by mechanical digger

Israel Antiquities Authority

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Clay pipeline below basalt pipeline cut by 1960s water pipe

Page 9: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Clay pipeline

Israel Antiquities Authority

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Page 10: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

The Finds

Israel Antiquities Authority 10

660-680 CE

Page 11: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Plan and section of basalt and clay pipes

Israel Antiquities Authority

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Page 12: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Basalt blocks in courtyards

Israel Antiquities Authority 12

Basalt blocks presented as pipeline at the Yardenit

Secondary use as drinking fountain at Degania

Page 13: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Israel Antiquities Authority 13

• Where did the basalt pipeline come from?

• Where was it going? • When was it built? • What is the relationship

between the clay pipe and the basalt pipe? A. Saarisalo

R. Amiran

Basalt pipe blocks next to the old road from Moshavat Kinneret to Kibbutz Kinneret, 1950

Page 14: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Berenice Water Channel

Israel Antiquities Authority 14

Y S

tep

han

ski

T. T

suk

Page 15: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Tell Bet Yerah

Israel Antiquities Authority 15

Tell

Ummayad bathhouse hypocaust and circular pool, 1950s excavations

Page 16: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Tell Bet Yerah clay pipes

Israel Antiquities Authority 16

Clay pipeline adjacent to bathhouse

Clay pipeline in present excavation

Page 17: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Bet Yerah/al-Sinnabra inverted siphon pipeline: Reconstruction

Drawing

Israel Antiquities Authority

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By Stephen Rosenberg

Berenice Aqueduct

al-Sinnabrabathhouse

Jordan river

Page 18: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Hippos-Sussita

Israel Antiquities Authority 18

Sea of Galilee

Sussita

Bet Yerah

M. E

isen

ber

g

Page 19: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Israel Antiquities Authority 19

Page 20: Water in Antiquity Conference, Israel 14-20 October 2012 Yardenna Alexandre Israel Antiquities Authority 1 THE INVERTED SIPHON PIPELINES TO TEL BET YERAH-AL-SINNABRA

Credits and Consultations• Meqorot water company (finance) • R. Mishayev and M. Kahan, IAA (surveying) • Y. Shmidov, IAA (drafting)• A. Shapiro, IAA (GPS, petrography) • H. Tahan-Rosen, IAA (artifacts drawing)• L. Kupershmidt, IAA (metallurgical laboratory)• C. Amit, IAA (coin photography)• G. Bijovsky, IAA (numismatics) • Y. Gorin-Rosen, IAA (glass) • M. Hartal and W. Atrash, IAA (Tiberias Excavations)• S. Paz, Institute of Archaeology Tel Aviv University

(Tel Bet Yerah Archaeological Expedition)• T. Tsuk, chief archaeologist National Parks

Authority (Ancient water systems, some photographs)

• Z. Ahipaz, chief water engineer National Water Authority (modern water systems)

• M. Eisenberg, Haifa University (Hippos-Sussita Expedition)

Israel Antiquities Authority

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THANKS