CRITERIA 7.1.4

Water conservation facilities available in the Institution

WATER CONSERVATION FACILITIES

AVAILABLE IN THE INSTITUTION

2

INDEX

1. Rain Water Harvesting 3-4

2. Bore Well Recharge 11

3. Construction of Tanks and Bunds 12

4. Waste Water Recycling 13

4.1 Sewage Treatment Plant COER And Utilization of Waste Water 13

4.2 Calculation for Waste Water Treatment 14

5. Maintenance of Water Bodies and Distribution System In The

Campus

17

5.1 Working Principle of Sewage Treatment Plant In COER 17

5.2 Working Principle of Water Management In COER 18

5.3 Observations

5.4 Bills of Rain water harvesting construction work and STP

19

23

3

1. RAIN WATER HARVESTING

Water is becoming a scarce commodity and it is considered as a liquid gold in this part of the

country. The demand of water is also increasing day by day not only for Agriculture, but also for

household and Industrial purposes. It is estimated that water need for drinking and other

municipal uses will be increased from 3.3 MHm to 7.00 MHm in 2025. Similarly the demand of

water for industries will be increased by 4 fold i.e. from 3.0 MHm to 12.00 MHm during this

period

College of Engineering Roorkee (COER) is having rain water harvesting system. In this system,

rain water is channelized through drain pipes which are next connected to centralized pipe which

bring water to central pit. The central pit is connected to water harvesting system that is used for

irrigation of college’s agriculture fields.

When water harvesting technique are used for runoff farming, the storage reservoir will be soil

itself, but when the water is to be used for livestock, supplementary irrigation or human

consumption, a storage facility of some kind will have to be produced. In countries where land is

abundant, water harvesting involves; harvesting or reaping the entire rainwater, store it and

utilize it for various purposes. In India, it is not possible to use the land area only to harvest

water and hence water harvesting means use the rain water at the place where it falls to the

maximum and the excess water is collected and again reused in the same area.

COER planned a new drainage plan with rainwater harvesting. For this, firstly, we conducted

survey of the whole college. Surveying was done in order to calculate area of the whole college

(which include paved area, unpaved area, roof top area of all buildings), elevation and prepare

contour map for the same. The whole surveying process is done by using Total Station and

AUTO CAD software.

COER campus is located at NH-58, 7th km from Roorkee (Uttarakhand), offers an enchanting

site with 150548 m2 total area of lush green pollution free environment. This area consists of

36376.69 m2 paved area (which includes administrative buildings, academic buildings, hostels

buildings cafeteria etc.) 114171.68m2 unpaved area (which includes beautiful gardens, orchards

and playfields). This area of Uttarakhand receives an annual rainfall of around 1165 mm with

maximum rainfall of around 371 mm to 400 mm in month of July and August.

COER is situated on the bank of river Ratmau. Due to a wide range of Shivalik Hills and by

virtue of rivers in the Uttarakhand region, here the water table is very high (around 10 m) and

annual precipitation is high.

For the development (planning and the design) of the Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) system in

the campus of the COER (total campus area 25 acres) a series of projects were undertaken.

In second step, we drew a suitable drainage path line which is based on contour map (i.e. based

on elevation of college), existing roads and also based on economic design. For rain water

4

harvesting, total amount of water is collected from roof top of every building and it is directly

dumped into the water tanks installed in each floor of hostel buildings.

The impact of rainwater harvesting practices on drainage systems, mainly during extreme rainfall

events, has been a secondary consideration, one reason being that these two functions, namely

supplying water and managing storm water runoff, appear to be contradictory. This study uses a

meterological data and rainafalldata.Considering the assumptions of the model, the results show

that substantial reductions can be achieved in areas where, on average, the rainfall supply is

smaller than the non-potable domestic demand in the households.

RAINWATER QUANTITY AND QUALITY ANALYSIS

Calculating the amount of water the catchment area will produce:-

The amount of storm water the catchment will produce can be determined with the following

formula.

Q = 2.8 x C x I x A

Q : the design peak runoff rate, or the maximum flow of storm water the system will be designed

for (in liters per second)

C : the runoff coefficient .

I : the rainfall intensity at the time of concentration read from the chosen IDF curve;

A : the surface area of the catchment area (in ha (10,000 m2)

Table 1. Area and perimeter of Buildings of COER campus:-

Name Area(m2) Perimeter(m)

Auditorium 1305.58 137.39

Cafeteria 1646.35 184.16

Academic block 815.68 109.74

Mechanical block 794.005 117.24

Lab block 932.39 156.75

Civil block 1092.16 144.48

Library 1073.69 152.04

ADM block 365.23 88.54

Parking 891.26 113.8

MBA block 1240.53 143.32

Sant niwas 184.55 45.4

Residence campus 1783.24 168.28

Medical center 122.92 44.47

Tarawatibhawan 878.02 210.9

Ahilyabhawan 693.19 173.36

5

Saraswatibhawan 879.74 212.95

Sarswatibhawan extension 382.5 84.9

Senior mess 1006.87 127.42

Arihantbhawan 973.00 214.49

GS bhawan 837.97 195.83

BCJ bhawan 837.97 195.83

Aklankbhawan 751.83 189.86

Kunkundbhawan 751.83 189.86

Ashok bhawan 2701.42 263.28

Junior mess 771.54 146.34

Boys hostel café 50.6 26.48

Papa point 41.57 24

Overhead Tank 13.46 13

Basketball court(s) 517.66 94.67

Table 2. Approximate discharge from buildings of COER campus:-

Name of buildings Approx. discharge(Lt/sec)

Academic block 0.0684

Mechanical block 0.0666

Lab block 0.0783

Civil block 0.0918

Library 0.0900

ADM block 0.0306

MBA block 0.1041

Residence 0.1497

Medical center 0.0102

Tarawatibhawan 0.0738

Ahilyabhawan 0.0582

Saraswatibhawan 0.0738

Saraswatibhawan extension 0.0327

Senior mess 0.0846

Arihantbhawan 0.0816

Ashok bhawan 0.2268

GS Bhawan 0.0705

BCJ bhawan 0.0705

Aklankbhawan 0.0630

Kunkundbhawan 0.0630

Junior mess 0.0648

6

Total of 21 buildings out of 26 are taken into consideration for rain water harvesting. Estimated

requirement of 216feet 4 inches 4 kg pressure PVC pipes and PVC tanks ranging from 200 to

1000 litres required for various buildings.

Calculation of discharge:-

Intensity of rainfall in the area, I = 0.3mm/hr.

Constant, C=1 (for paved area).

All areas are taken in hectares.

Discharge through roads in college campus (outside hostels):-

QOR=2.8CIA

=2.8*1*0.3*0.798456

=0.67 Lt/sec

Discharge through roads inside the hostel campus:-

QIR=2.8CIA

=2.8*1*0.3*0.353774

=0.297 Lt/sec

Discharge from buildings outside the hostel campus:-

QOB=2.8CIA

=2.8*1*0.3*1.2697

=1.066 Lt/sec

Discharge from buildings inside the hostel campus:-

QIB=2.8CIA

=2.8*1*0.3*1.2157

=1.021 Lt/sec

Total discharge outside the hostel campus:-

QO=QOR+QOB

7

=0.67+1.066

=1.736 Lt/sec

Total discharge inside the hostel campus:-

QI=QIR+QIB

=0.297+1.021

=1.318 Lt/sec.

Table 3. Estimation rough for rain water harvesting

Approx.

discharge(Lt/sec)

Volume estimated

for 1 hr(Litre)

Tank Capacity

Required in litres

Average height of building

in metres Approx.

0.0684 246.24 500 11

0.0666 239.76 500 11

0.0783 281.88 500 15

0.0918 330.48 500 15

0.09 324 500 8

0.0306 110.16 200 8

0.1041 374.76 500 10

0.1497 538.92 1000 8

0.0102 36.72 100 4

0.0738 265.68 500 11

0.0582 209.52 500 11

0.0738 265.68 500 11

0.0327 117.72 200 11

0.0846 304.56 500 8

0.0816 293.76 500 11

8

0.2268 816.48 1000 11

0.0705 253.8 500 11

0.0705 253.8 500 11

0.063 226.8 500 11

0.063 226.8 500 11

0.0648 233.28 500 8

Rates INR TANK PVC PVC pipe 4" 4 Kg

pressure/Feet Capacity Rate per unit

200 lt 900 32

500 lt 2100

1000 lt 4000

Note:Thedetailed and final estimate may vary according to specification standards

Conclusion: 3 sites identified for making bore wells of size 6’x5’x1’

The existing drain pipes of buildings will be used for harvesting the water in tanks.

To apply the concept of rain water harvesting to existing buildings. in this campus there are

total26 building out of which 21 buildings are considered for RWH. The water demand

calculations and quantity of rain water harvesting is calculated for 21 buildings by considering

working days, holidays, population and terrace areas of buildings.

Table 4. Water demand calculations

S.n

o

Items Available

Population

Total

workin

g days

Non

workin

g days

Net

workin

g days

Water

deman

d

L/H/D

Total

Water

demand

L/H/D

1 Semester(lecture

s)

2365 210 56 154 25 910525

0

9

2 Examination 2365 90 24 66 5 780450

3 Vacation for

students

240 60 16 44 5 52800

Total water demand for campus in 1 academic year (in litres) 993850

0

Total Water demand for campus per week (in litres) 191125

Total Water demand for campus per day (in litres) 27303

Table 5. Calculation for Water Harvesting Potential

S.no Building Description Catchment

Area

terrace(m2)

Avg. Height

of Rainfall

(m)

Collected

volume of

Rainfall (m3)

Collected

volume of

Rainfall

(litres)

1 Academic block 815.68 2.2 1794.496 1794496

2 Mechanical block 794.005 2.2 1746.811 1746811

3 Lab block 932.39 2.2 2051.258 2051258

4 Civil block 1092.16 2.2 2402.752 2402752

5 Library 1073.69 2.2 2362.118 2362118

6 ADM block 365.23 2.2 803.506 803506

7 MBA block 1240.53 2.2 2729.166 2729166

8 Residence campus 1783.24 2.2 3923.128 3923128

9 Medical center 122.92 2.2 270.424 270424

10 Tarawatibhawan 878.02 2.2 1931.644 1931644

11 Ahilyabhawan 693.19 2.2 1525.018 1525018

12 Saraswatibhawan 879.74 2.2 1935.428 1935428

13 Sarswatibhawan

extension

382.5 2.2

841.5 841500

14 Senior mess 1006.87 2.2 2215.114 2215114

15 Arihantbhawan 973.00 2.2 2140.6 2140600

16 GS bhawan 837.97 2.2 1843.534 1843534

17 BCJ bhawan 837.97 2.2 1843.534 1843534

18 Aklankbhawan 751.83 2.2 1654.026 1654026

19 Kunkundbhawan 751.83 2.2 1654.026 1654026

20 Ashok bhawan 2701.42 2.2 5943.124 5943124

21 Junior mess 771.54 2.2 1697.388 1697388

10

As per above water potential calculations,

Total collected volume of rainfall in year = 43308595 litres

Assuming 20% losses in collection = 8661719 litres

Total water available for harvesting in year = 34646876 litres

Thus, as per calculations, we can save more water than demand.

As per the calculations each building will be equipped with a PVC tank of suitable capacity

mentioned in the required estimate.

The existing drain pipes will be utilized for storing the water in the PVC tanks.

For Ground water recharging, recharge pits with bore will be constructed at various locations as

per the following design.

Fig. 1. Ground water recharging Pit. Fig. 2 Recharge tank

11

Fig. 3 Pipe line network for Roof Rain water Harvesting.

2. BORE WELL RECHARGE TECHNOLOGY:

Bore well recharging system consist of primary and secondary filter. The primary filter consists

of excavation of pit of 1 x 0.60 x 0.60 m dimensions filled with stones, gravel and sand. This unit

filters the runoff water receiving through field trenches a. This filter unit is connected by 3” dia

PVC pipe to main filtration unit.

Secondary filter unit consist of excavation of soil around the bore well casing pipe with

dimensions as 2.5 m depth and 1.5 dia. From the bottom, upto 50 cm height, small wholes should

be made with pointer at a spacing of 5 cm and this casing pipe is wrapped with nylon mesh in

double layer. Then the pit is filled with 3 layers of big stone ( 50 cm ), metals( 50cm), Gravel (30

cm) and fine sand( 20 cm) one above each.

After second layer of metal, horizontal covering of nylon mesh should be provided and than

gravel and sand layers should be placed. The top of the unit is covered with cement ring for not

allowing the sediment from the flowing water.

Standardization of filtration unit:

The head through which water passes was determined as

h=v x t

h=456x10-5 x 395

h=1.8 m = 180 cm.

Table 6. Requirements for executing Rain Water Harvesting as per Roof top water

utilization

S.no Item Qty

1 Elbow 4" 21

2 Brass Valve 2" 21

3 PVC tank 1000 L 2

4 PVC tank 500 L 16

12

5 PVC tank 200 L 2

6 PVC tank 100 L 1

7 Steel mesh plate 4" 21

8 CC Platform 4'x4'x0.5' 2

9 CC Platform 3'x3'x0.5' 16

10 CC Platform 2.5'x2.5'x0.5' 2

11 CC Platform 2'x2'x0.5' 1

Conclusion: Bore well required 3 Nos. quantities to be worked out from drawing .

3. CONSTRUCTION OF TANKS AND BUNDS:

COER campus has one seasonal water bund . This lies at near the STP plant. Although pond

typically only have water during part of the year but this water can be utilized for watering

purpose. The capacity of this tanks is 15 diameter.

Fig. 4. Bund Near the STP Plant .

13

4. WASTE WATER RECYCLING

4.1 Sewage treatment plant COER and utilization of waste water:

A sewage treatment plant is quite necessary to receive the hostels, college and laboratories waste

and removes the materials which pose harm for general public. Its objective is to produce an

environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge)

suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer).

The object of sewage treatment is to stabilize decomposable organic matter present in the sewage

so as to produce an effluent and sludge, which can be disposed of in the environment without

causing health hazards or nuisance. The degree of treatment is as per the regulations stipulated

by the Indian standard codes. The treated effluent parameters considered for disposing into the

natural water bodies and land. In general for the treatment of domestic sewage for the intended

disposal and reuse the process involves –

College has installed a sewage treatment plant with 200 KLD and 30 ETP capacities. STP based

on Moving bed bio-film reactor (MBBR) biological technology with 200 KLD and 30 ETP

capacities for municipal hospital and bio-hazardous waste water. The major parts of this system

are as per the figure.

Fig. 5 Schematic Diagram for Flow of STP and ETP

14

The STP plant follows the two routes, one for hospital waste and another for domestic sewage.

All the process based on completely biological purification and disinfection by the chlorination

process in the end. Domestic waste water from bathrooms, mess, hostel, transport is first treated

for oil and grease removal then collected in equalization tank. Whole the treated water is then

goes to MBBR filtration. This MBBR technology using low energy and easily separate organic

substances with nitrification and denitrification process. After the treatment this, water is

transferred to distribution points, mainly for landscaping barren land in our college and for

plantations in our college.

4.2 Calculation for waste water treatment:

Population Forecasting:

▪ College population

▪ Total student = 3500

▪ Total staff workers = 500

▪ Total population = 3500+500 = 4000

▪ Per capita sewage = 75 to 80% of per capita water supplied to public.

▪ Per Capita water supply = 94686 L/Day

▪ 80% of 94686 L/Day = 7574ss9 L/day.

Fig. 6 (a) Bio filter unit.

15

Fig 6 (b) complete treatment process of STP Fig. 6 (c) side view of treatment unit

Fig. 7(a) Construction view of settling tank. Fig. 7(b) . After Construction of settling tank

16

Fig. 8 Contour map of COER campus

Fig 9. Rainfall data of Haridwar region (taken from NIH, Roorkee)

17

5. MAINTENANCE OF WATER BODIES AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN THE CAMPUS

This indicator addresses water consumption, water sources, irrigation, storm water appliances

and fixtures. A water audit is an on-site survey and assessment to determine the water use and

hence improving the efficiency of its use. The study covered the following areas.

• Repair sources of water leakage, such as dripping taps. Regular checking and

maintenance of pipelines are done to control water wastage.

• Minimize wastage of water and use of electricity during water filtration process, if

used, such as Aqua guard filter.

• Use an efficient and hygienic water storage mechanism to minimize the loss of water

during storage.

• Encourage to decrease excess water usage.

5.1 Working principle of sewage treatment plant in COER:

Effluent cum Sewage treatment Plant in COER is based on Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)

biological technology with 200 KLD and 30 ETP capacities for municipal hospital and bio-

hazardous waste water. The sewage water from entire college and hostel is received through the

underground pipe lines. The effluent is collected in the underground tank and from where it

pumped to the overhead reaction tank or Coagulation Tank. After that Alum is added to reduce

the pH or to neutralize the waste water of around 2-3 followed by dosing of Poly to remove the

Suspended Solids from the water.

This water is further taken by paddle Flocculation chamber where the precipitates converted to

big flocs with the help of flocculent dosing to enhance the settling/separation of sludge from

waste water. The water from flocculation chamber then allowed settling down in the settling

tank. The sludge is then allowed to dry on Drying Bed for the mechanical dewatering. The clear

treated effluent from the overhead tank further collected in a treated water Tank and pumped

through graded filtration cum coal censing column (Dual media filter) for removal of suspended

matters, oil and grease, colour and odour etc.

STP contains the following treatment units: -

1. Bar Screen Chamber – 1 Nos.

2. Sewage Storage Tanks – 1 Nos.

3. MBBR tanks (1& II)

18

4. Flocculation Tank (Reaction Chamber) – 1 Nos.

5. Sedimentation Tank (Primary Tube Settler Tank) – 2 No.

6. Treated Water Tank

7. Multigrade Filter

8. Activated Carbon Filter

9. Filter Feed Tank

10. Sludge Drying Bed

The capacity of treatment plant for the treatment of effluent is as under.

Table 7. Physicochemical parameters before and after the treatment.

S. No. Parameter Before Treatment After Treatment

1 pH 12 6-8

2 Temperature 28-38ºC 28-38ºC

3 Total Suspended Solids 200-500 Max. 10

4 Bio-Oxygen Demand 1500 Max. 30

5 Chemical Oxygen Demand 5000 Max. 50

6 Oil & Grease 400 Max. 10

5.2 working principle of water management in COER:

For most of us, water comes out of the tap in a seemingly unlimited supply whenever it is

needed. In reality, water is limited and increasing demands have increased pressure on available

supplies. Moreover, much of our water is unusable without expensive and energy intensive

processing. The combination of limited supplies and growing demands makes increasing water

efficiency key to future water security. Using water efficiently, also known as water

conservation, reduces the amount of water needed for a specific use and is a prudent component

of water resource management. The goal of water use efficiency measures is to accomplish a

desired task using the minimum amount of water without harming existing systems and

processes and meeting users’ performance expectations.

19

5.3 Observations:

The study observed that Tube Well is the major sources of water. Water is used for drinking

purpose, canteen, toilets, laboratory and gardening. During the survey, no loss of water is

observed, neither by any leakages nor by over flow of water from overhead tanks. The data

collected from all the departments is examined and verified. On an average the total use of water

in the college is 5 lakh L/day, which include 60% for domestic purposes, 40% for gardening and

other purposes like different laboratories. Gardens are watered by using drip/sprinkler irrigation

system to save water. This is one of the unique steps towards greening practices. There is a

future plan to install two rain water harvesting units in the coming session for storing and reuse

of rain water.

Table 7. Water management

S.

N

o

Department /Block The

wise

use

of

wate

r

Water

leakag

e

repair

Use of

water

purificati

on

Rain

Harve

st

Use

of

water

Coole

r

Water

pollutio

n

inciden

ce

Water

Use per

day

in liters

Water

Storag

e

Water

tank

cleani

ng

Water

manageme

nt

Practices

1 Computer Science

and Engineering √ √ √ × √ √ 6126 √ √ ×

2 Information

Technology √ √ √ × √ √ 4048 √ √ ×

3 Mechanical

Engineering √ √ √ × √ √ 14294 √ √ ×

4 Civil Engineering

Department √ √ √ × √ √ 2088 √ √ ×

5 Electrical and

Electronic

Engineering

√ √ √ × √ √ 12252 √ √ ×

6 Electronics and

Telecommunicatio

n Engineering √ √ √ × √ √ 10210 √ √ ×

7 Plastic and

Polymer

Engineering √ √ √ × √ √ 8168 √ √ ×

8 Girls Hostel √ √ √ × √ √ 1300 √ √ ×

9 Boys Hostel √ √ √ × √ √ 1600 √ √ ×

10 Guest House √ √ √ × √ √ 1000 √ √ ×

11 Garden and

ground √ √ √ × √ √ 6500 √ √ ×

20

12 Mess kitchen √ √ √ × √ √ 14000 √ √ ×

13 Canteen √ √ √ × √ √ 11000 √ √ ×

14 Leakage √ √ √ × √ √ 2100 √ √ ×

Total 94686

❖Main water uses in the campus

Garden

Lab

Cleaning

Canteen

Drinking

Toilets

Bathrooms

Hostel

Washing

Construction works

Office uses

• Water Tank Storage (Cement)=01

• Water treatment system in place= 01

• Water cooler with drinking water filtration is installed = 48

• Number of urinals and toilets = 135

• Number of waterless urinals = Nil

• Number of bathrooms =260

• Number of water taps =952 (2 tap are leak)

• Water taps in laboratories =45

• Number of wells = 1 tube well and 1 high power pump station

• Number of ponds =00

• Water pumps= 2 (15 HP), 3 (1.2HP)

• Quantity of water pumped =94686 liters/day

21

• Water charges paid = No water charges (No municipal water supply, Using

water from own well)

• Number of water tanks for water storage=46

• Amount of water stored =100500 L (Per day)

• Solar Water Heater Capacity= 80000 ltr

• Rainwater harvesting system- present

• Reasons for water wastage

o Leakages from taps

o Over use of water

o Overflow of water from motors

Table 8. Overall utilization of water in the College

Sections Water Use/day

Toilets and urinals 18,788 Ltr

Hostel 2900 Ltr

Bathrooms 19428 Ltr

Canteen and Mess Kitchen 25,000 Ltr

Garden and ground 4,500 Ltr

Laboratories 12,300 Ltr

Leakage 11,770 Ltr

Total 94686 Ltr

The water leakage in the COER college is very less because the leak is detected and repaired at

the right time. Bad pipelines and valves are replaced from time to time. Once the leak is detected

the water in the water distribution system corrective action in the use of water to work the

damage is excessive.

22

Fig. 10. Water overhead tank. Fig. 11. Water treatment and distribution unit

Fig. 12. Water Distribution tank. Fig. 13 Submersible Bore Water Pump

23

5.4 Bills of Rain water harvesting construction work and STP

Fig. 14 Bill for Rainwater harvesting

24

Fig. 15 Bill for STP