Water Chemistry in Steam Generators:Opportunities for Investigationpp g

IAPWS Workshop – Canadian National Committee11 May 2009

Who Is B&WWho Is B&WCustomers• Utility Companies• Industries

Electric Utilities

• Industries• Pulp & Paper Mills

Original Equipment• Supercritical Boilers

Supercritical Boilers Dry ScrubbersReplacement Parts

Electric Utilities Supercritical Boilers• Subcritical Boilers• Small Industrial “Package” Boilers• Nuclear Steam Generators• Environmental Equipment

Baghouses

RenewablesSmall Industrial Boilers

Construction• Environmental Equipment

• Baghouses/Fabric Filters• Particulate Control Systems• Wet/Dry SO2 Scrubbers

S l ti C t l ti NO R d ti (SCR)

Wet ScrubbersSubcritical BoilersAuxiliary Equipment

• Selective Catalytic NOx Reduction (SCR)

Aftermarket Products/Services• Construction• Replacement Parts

Proprietary and Confidential

Pulp & PaperNuclear Steam GeneratorsSCR Systems Nuclear Services

Replacement Parts• Plant Upgrades• Manufacturing

.2

We Wrote The BookWe Wrote The BookWe Wrote The Book… We Wrote The Book… Steam: Its Generation and UseSteam: Its Generation and Use

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .3

History of Babcock & Wilcox in CanadaHistory of Babcock & Wilcox in Canada1844 Small foundry starts in

Cambridge OntarioCambridge, Ontario1859 John Goldie and Hugh McCulloch

purchase foundry

1923 Goldie and McCulloch amalgamate with B&Wg

1963 B&W becomes sole owner

1978 McDermott International1978 McDermott International, Inc. purchases B&W

1999 Last major plant expansion

Proprietary and Confidential

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationSchematic -NuclearSteam G tGenerator

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .5

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Stress Corrosion Cracking Intergranular Attack

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .6

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationSchematic -Utility RadiantBoiler

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .7

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationSchematic -Oil & Gas FiredIndustrialB ilBoiler

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .8

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Long Term Overheat/CreepLong Term Overheat/Creep

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .9

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Long Term Overheat/CreepLong Term Overheat/Creep

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .10

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .11

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .12

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationSteam Generator Water Treatment Initiatives

Nuclear Steam GenerationAll l til t t t (AVT)• All volatile treatment (AVT)

• Advanced amines for pH control• Polymer dispersants for deposition control

Thermal Steam GenerationThermal Steam Generation• Congruent phosphate treatment• Reducing AVT

E ilib i h h t• Equilibrium phosphate• Polymer dispersants/• Oxygenated treatment (OT)

Few Initiatives over the Last 10 Years

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .13

Few Initiatives over the Last 10-Years

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationDeposition/Fouling Research Needs

Oxide Growth/Corrosion Product Generation (CPG)C i P d t T t (CPT)Corrosion Product Transport (CPT)

• Filterable/Non-filterable materials• Sampling

Steam Generator (Boiler) Fouling (SGF)• Systematic study of variables• Hard collars versus loose sludgeg• Influence of silica (slippage through water treatment plant/role in

deposition, etc.)

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .14

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Example of a Hard Collar

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .15

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationVariables to be Considered in Deposition Studies

Heat FluxFl id V l itFluid VelocityParticle ConcentrationFilterable/Non-Filterable MaterialsFilterable/Non-Filterable MaterialsChemical Treatment and ImpuritiesSurface RoughnessFlowParticle Size DistributionT t

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .16

Temperature

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationOxide Formation/Dissolution/Exfoliation

Oxide on Austenitic Material Oxide on Austenitic Material

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .17

Supercritical Conditions Supercritical Conditions

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam Generation

Oxide formation in steam generator environment

Oxides on Alloy 690 after exposure in AVT water (a) and AVT t 830 SO4 (b) f 1000 h t 282C

(a) (b)

Proprietary and Confidential

water+830ppm SO4 (b) for 1000 hr at 282C

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationRole/Nature of Organics

Boiler Tolerance for Individual Organic CompoundsEff t D iti PEffects on Deposition Process

• Deposit enhancers• Deposit inhibitors• Resulting deposit morphology

Thermal Stability/Decomposition Products• Nature of decomposition productsp p• Steam partitioning

Effects on Boiler Performance• Effects on nucleate boiling

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .19

Effects on nucleate boiling• Foaming characteristics

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationBoiler Carryover in a Superheater Tube

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .20

Opportunities in Steam GenerationOpportunities in Steam GenerationIntegrated Exposure/Crevice Chemistry

Integrated Exposure ConceptR l ti t f i iti ll ti i i• Relative assessment of impurities collecting in crevices

• Being used on a relatively simplistic basis at many plants• Improved correlations would be useful

CPG/CPT/SGFCPG/CPT/SGFRole of OrganicsSteam PartitioningSteam PartitioningExamine/Improve Crevice Chemistry Predictive Codes

• EPRI MULTEQ• AECL ChemSolv™

Proprietary and Confidential © 2007 The Babcock & Wilcox Company. All rights reserved. .21

• AECL ChemSolv™