water and minerals carbs lipidsproteinsfood labels 10 20 30 40 50 40 30 20 10 50 40 30 20 10 50 40...
TRANSCRIPT
Water and Minerals
Carbs Lipids Proteins Food Labels
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Topic 1 – 10 Points
QUESTION:
•What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
ANSWER:
•(monosaccharide
Topic 1 – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•Name 3 monosaccharides
ANSWER:
• glucose, fructose, galactose
Topic 1 – 30 Points
QUESTION:
•What disaccharide is made of glucose and galactose and what is the enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide?
ANSWER:
•(Lactose, lactase
Topic 1 – 40 Points
QUESTION:
•Name the four polysaccharides and categorize them in terms of plant or animal source and structural or energy
ANSWER:
•starch (plant) and glycogen (animal) - ST energy• cellulose (plant) and chitin (animal) - structural
Topic 1 – 50 Points
QUESTION:
•What disaccharide is formed when amylose breaks down? What disaccharide is formed when glycogen breaks down?
•Is the enzyme the same? Explain
ANSWER:
•Maltose, no, different substrate different enzyme
Topic 2 – 10 Points
QUESTION:
•Name four types of lipids
ANSWER:
• triglycerides (fats and oils), steroids, waxes, phospholipids
Topic 2 – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•What lipid is the major component of cell membranes?
ANSWER:
•phospholipids
Topic 2 – 30 Points
QUESTION:•Name the structure and its four components:
•How is it broken down?
ANSWER:
•Triglyceride; glycerol and 3 fatty acids, hydrolysis3 waters (and an enzyme) required.
Topic 2 – 40 Points
QUESTION:
•What are examples of compounds that contain cholesterol?
ANSWER:
• Hormones (testoterone, estrogen, steroids
Topic 2 – 50 Points
QUESTION:
• What are the functional groups on the glycerol and fatty acid that react to form triglycerides?
ANSWER:
•Carboxyl (fatty acids) and hydroxyl (glycerol)
Topic 3 – 10 Points
QUESTION:
• Draw and name the “generic” monomer of a protein. How many are there?
ANSWER:
•amino acid ; 20
Topic 3 – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•What is primary structure? Explain why it is not a protein
ANSWER:
•amino acids joined by peptide bonds. It is a polypeptide, but doesn’t have 3D structure so has no protein functionality
Topic 3 – 30 Points
QUESTION:
•Name 3 protein “groups or types” and the function of each
ANSWER:
• muscle – motion•Cartilage – structure•Enzymes – speed up reactions•Hormones – chemical messengers•Antibodies – fight disease
Topic 3 – 40 Points
QUESTION:
•What two environmental conditions can affect protein structure?
•Do they affect tertiary, primary or both?
ANSWER:
•Temperature higher than optimal, and pH that is out of the optimal range
Topic 3 – 50 Points
QUESTION:
•Why do bacterial enzymes denature at 39 C, but human proteins don’t?
ANSWER:
•Each protein can have a different “optimal range”. Most human enzymes tolerate temps up to 41 C (105), but bacteria can’t go much above 39 C
Topic 4 – 10 Points
QUESTION:
•What are the three major groups of macromolecules found on a nutritional label?
ANSWER:
•(Carbs, Lipids and Proteins
Topic 4 – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•List one type of lipid and one type of carb that are not shown (separately) on a nutritional label, but whose amounts are shown in total lipids and total carbs?
•What carb doesn’t have calories (because it is not broken down, it passes through the large intestine
ANSWER:
• 1. Lipid: Unsaturated fats 2. Carbs: Starch (Amylose) 3. Cellulose (Fiber)
Topic 4 – 30 Points
QUESTION:
•How many calories are in •1 g protein•1 g of carbohydrates•1 g of lipid.
ANSWER:
•(4 cal/g , 4 cal/g, 9 cal/ g
Topic 4 – 40 Points
QUESTION:
• What role do vitamins and minerals play (related to enzymes)
ANSWER:
•They “maximize” reaction rates (coenzymes and cofactors).
•Calcium and phosphorus (bone), sodium, potassium – nerves iodine – thyroid.
Topic 4 – 50 Points
QUESTION:
• What is the primary nutrient found in meats?
•What is the primary nutrient found in most vegetables and fruits?
ANSWER:
• Protein Carbohydrates
Topic 5 – 10 Points
QUESTION:
• What is the major component of foods that never shows up on the label
ANSWER:
•water
Topic 5 – 20 Points
QUESTION:
•List three minerals and their location (not in enzymes)
ANSWER:
• Iron – hemoglobin (blood)•Calcium - bones•Phosphorus - bones•Iodine - thyroid•Sodium - nerves•Potassium - nerves•Chlorine - lungs
Topic 5 – 30 Points
QUESTION:
• What type of reaction removes water during a reaction? Does it “build up” or “break down”?
ANSWER:
•(dehydration synthesis; builds up
Topic 5 – 40 Points
QUESTION:
• Identify three examples of hydrolysis and the enzymes involved in the hydrolysis reactions
ANSWER:
• amylose maltose (and glucose) amylase•Lactose glucose and galactose lactase• Lipid (triglyceride 3 fatty acids + glycerol lipase•Sucrose glucose and fructose sucrase
Topic 5 – 50 Points
QUESTION:
• Why types of compounds does water dissolve?
•Why can’t it dissolve triglycerides or waxes?
ANSWER:
•(polar and ionic. Triglycerides and waxes are non-polar