water and land as habitats for plants
DESCRIPTION
Water and Land as Habitats for Plants. Aquatic Plants. Terrestrial Plants. Under land surface, evaporates quickly above surface. Water. Close to each cell. On or under surface. Minerals. Close to each cell. Gases. Dissolved at low concentrations. Plentiful in air. Aquatic Plants. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Water and Land as Habitats for Plants
Aquatic Plants Terrestrial Plants
Water Close to each cell
Under land surface, evaporates quickly above surface
Minerals Close to each cell
On or under surface
Gases Dissolved at low concentrations
Plentiful in air
Support Provides buoyancy and support
Much less support for parts in air
Light Cuts out some wavelengths and lowers intensity
More light available
Temperature Little fluctuation, slow change
Changes more rapid, wider extremes
Aquatic Plants Terrestrial Plants
Reproduction Gametes swim to other plants
Water seldom available for swimming gametes
Offspring Dispersal
Water carries offspring to new locations
Offspring dispersed through various methods (seldom water)
Terrestrial PlantsAquatic Plants
Terrestrial Plant Anatomy
Plants moved from water to land but there were challenges along the way…
Challenge Adaptation
Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots
Major Functions of
Absorption
Transport of materials
Storage of materials
Anchorage
Fibrous root Taproot
All of these things add to theSurface Area which allows for more waterto be absorbed
Meristemarea where new cellsare addedto a plant, increasingits length
Fibrous root Taproot
Challenge Adaptation
Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Moving water and food within the plant
Vascular tissue
Phloem “Ph”lows “Ph”ood
DOWN!!!!
Xylem carries
H2O & mineralsUP
Bundles of xylem and phloem are found in roots, stems and leaves of vascular plants
Vascular tissue
AdhesionWater “sticks” to other molecules
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Cohesion – Water “sticks” to water
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Adhesion– Water “sticks” to other molecules(Starts the process)
Transpiration– Water loss from a plant leaf
Bundles of xylem and phloem are found in roots, stems and leaves of vascular plants
Vascular tissue
2 main types of vascular plants• Gymnosperms – cone bearing plants
• Pine trees and fir trees
• Angiosperms – flowering plants• Any tree, bush or plant that produces a flower
Within the Angiosperms, there are two plant groups, the Monocots and the Dicots.
The distinction between these two groups is not always clear, but some general trends are outlined on then next slide
Monocots DicotsFloral Arrangement 3's 4's and 5'sLeaf Venation Parallel NetVascular bundles Scattered RingRoots Fibrous TaprootGrowth Primary only Primary and
Secondary
Examples: Grass, Palm, Oaks, Roses, Orchid Sunflowers
Challenge Adaptation
Getting water and minerals into the plant Roots
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Moving water and food within the plant
Vascular tissue
Plant body support Vascular tissue
Major Functions of
Support
Transport
Storage
MERISTEMS – Regions of cell division @ tips of plant
PRIMARY GROWTH - growth in length of plant
SECONDARY GROWTH - Growth in thickness of plant
Challenge Adaptation
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Getting sunlight for photosynthesis Leaves
Most are thin & flat (surface area to volume ratio)
Take in sunlight & CO2
Challenge Adaptation
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Getting sunlight for photosynthesis Leaves
Getting gas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Stomata
STOMATA pore that allows CO2 to enter and H2O & O2 exit.
GUARD CELLS open & close the stomata
Some plants in dry climates will regulate when the stomata is open to minimize water loss
Transpiration – Loss of H2O by plant
> 90% of H2O is lostThrough stomata
Challenge Adaptation
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Getting sunlight for photosynthesis Leaves
Getting gas for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Stomata
Preventing evaporation from plant surface
Cuticle
Cuticle – waxy layerPrevent H2O loss
Challenge Adaptation
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Coordinating growth patterns and environmental response
Hormones
Getting sperm to egg without water Pollen
PLANT REPRODUCTIONSexual Asexual
Sperm from one plant fertilizedthe eggs of another plant of the same species
Sperm (pollen) carried by wind, insects, animals, etc.
New combination of DNA in offspring
A plant reproduces by itself. There is no combining of DNA
Runners (roots), leaves, self-pollination
Offspring = genetically identical to parent plant
Clones!
Female PartsCarpel
StigmaStyleOvary
Male Parts
Anther
Stamen
Filament
Challenge Adaptation
Terrestrial Plant Adaptations
Coordinating growth patterns and environmental response
Hormones
Getting sperm to egg without water Pollen
Dispersing new individuals to suitable locations
Airborne spores then seeds
