Period 1 (1491 – 1607) Chapter 1 of the Textbook Review Sheet

Welcome to Period 1! This period accounts for roughly 5% of the exam. Although you will not see a Long Essay or DBQ based solely on this time period, you could see a topic that incorporates this period as part of a larger idea.

Why were these years chosen for this period?

1491 marks one year prior to the arrival of Columbus and Europeans in large numbers to the Americas. Additionally, 1607 is the year that the first permanent English settlement was established in Jamestown, Virginia. Period 1 focuses significantly on Native American life PRIOR to the arrival of Europeans. Furthermore impacts of the Columbian Exchange on Africans, Native Americans, and Europeans are important to know.

Key vocabulary terms to know for this time period: Autonomy - to have self-government, or independence. Native Americans and Africans sought to preserve autonomy in the face of contact with Europeans. Subjugation - to take control of a person or group of people by force. Native Americans and Africans were subjugated by Europeans, often in the form of slavery. Maize - corn, grown in present-day Mexico and spread to the Southwest portion of the present-day United States. Native Americans built societies around maize. Once it was introduced to Europe (Columbian Exchange), it helped lead to a drastic increase in population. Columbian Exchange - Spread of goods, ideas, people, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. Encomienda System - Spanish system of granting land to colonists in the New World. This system exploited Native Americans and resources. Eventually, Native American labor was replaced with African slave labor.

Watch this video on Period 1 before you proceed. (Less than 7 minutes)

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1. For each region listed below based on the map, describe what Native American life was like.

• Great Plains/Great Basin: • Southwest: • Northeast:

2. What technological improvements allowed for European Exploration?

• 3. What is the Columbian Exchange?

•

4. What impact did the Exchange have on Europe? •

5. What impact did the Exchange have on Natives?

• 6. What impact did the Exchange have on Africans?

• 7. How did the Encomienda System impact Natives? Check out this video on the Encomienda System for a quick review if you need it.

• 8. What replaced the Encomienda System?

• 9. How did Europeans often view Natives?

• 10. In what ways did Africans preserve autonomy in the Western Hemisphere?

•

Document Analysis “The Spanish have a perfect right to rule these barbarians of the New World and the adjacent islands, who in prudence, skill, virtues, and humanity are as inferior to the Spanish as children to adults……” - Juan De Sepulveda (1547) Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. What is Sepulveda’s Point of View towards Natives? 2. How does this contrast with Bartolomé de Las Casas?

Next page for one more document!

Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. What is the Point of View of Spanish Colonization according to the illustration? 2. What is the Purpose of the above illustration?

Period 2 (1607 – 1754) Review Sheet Chapters 2 – 3 of the American History Textbook

Chapters of the America’s History Textbook Chapters of the American Pageant Textbook Chapters of the Give Me Liberty! Textbook

Welcome to Period 2! This period accounts for roughly 10% of the exam. Unlike period 1, you could very well encounter a Long Essay or DBQ that is based solely on this time period.

Potential Short Answer Questions/Essay Topics Include: • Comparing and Contrasting different British Colonies (Chesapeake and New England, for example)

• Comparing and Contrasting European Colonization (England and Spain, for example)

• Reasons for the growth of slavery and its consequences (Check out THIS video)

Why were these years chosen for this period?

1607 marks the beginning of the establishment of permanent English colonies with Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. England became a significant colonizer during this time period and competed with other European countries. Furthermore, 1754 marks the beginning of the 7 Years War (French and Indian) predominantly between the English and the French.

Key vocabulary terms to know for this time period: Characteristics of Spanish colonization - focused on converting Natives and gaining wealth through tight control over colonies. (Think 3 Gs - period #1) Characteristics of French and Dutch colonization - fewer inhabitants than other countries. The French and Dutch focused on trade (especially fur), alliances, and intermarriage with Native Americans. Characteristics of English colonization - colonies were based on agriculture. English colonies saw a large number of men AND women inhabit the colonies. The English had relatively hostile relations with Native Americans. Pueblo Revolt - Native American revolt in the late 17th century in present-day New Mexico against the Spanish. The Spanish were expelled for over 10 years. Once they regained control, the Spanish began to take a more accommodating approach to Natives and allowed some religious accommodation. The Enlightenment - Time period that focused on reason and knowledge and promoted new ideas about government (natural rights, consent of the governed, separation of powers). These ideas helped influence the American Revolution. Mercantilism - Economic policy that focuses on making money for the mother country. This policy favors a positive balance of trade for the mother country and the accumulation of gold and silver. Anglicization - Process of colonies becoming and acting British. This was influenced by print culture (newspapers and writings) and communities based on English models. Characteristics of New England colonies - founded by mostly Puritans, a group of like-minded individuals. These colonies tended to be close-knit and had longer life expectancies than other English colonies. The economy was a mix of farming and trade. Characteristics of middle colonies - These colonies were the most diverse religiously

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and saw the most immigrants from Europe. The economy was based on grain. Characteristics of southern colonies - The Chesapeake (Maryland and Virginia) relied on indentured servants initially, later replaced by African slaves. Staple crops like tobacco, rice, and sugar made the colonies prosperous.

Watch THIS video on Period 2 before you proceed. (Less than 10 minutes)

1. For each of the following countries, provide a brief summary of the goals/characteristics of colonization in the Western Hemisphere. Please make sure you include the DEMOGRAPHICS – makeup of the population. Want more info? Check out THIS video.

• Spain: • Dutch and French: • English

2. How did characteristics of British colonization differ from Spanish colonization? 3. What were three reasons for the development of the slave trade? 4. Why can the Pueblo Revolt be seen as a WATERSHED event in Spanish colonial history? (Make sure you know WATERSHED!) Need info on the Pueblo Revolt? Check out THIS video. 5. What does Anglicization mean? What are examples of this occurring? 6. What is Mercantilism? How did colonists get around this policy? 7. How did the Enlightenment encourage colonial resistance? 8. What were three reasons for the growth of slavery? Answers to the following questions on slavery can be found HERE. 9. Why did African slavery replace Native American slavery on the Encomienda System? 10. Why did African Slavery replace indentured servitude in the English colonies AFTER 1676? (Turning Point in American History) 11. What were two examples of slave resistance? 12. Complete the table below on the characteristics English colonial regions. (Think politics, economics, religion, demographics, labor systems, etc.

If you need further assistance, watch THIS video and THIS video.

Chesapeake Both New England

Document Analysis

“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause Him to withdraw His present help from us, we shall be made a story and a by-word through the world.” - John Winthrop, 1630 Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. How does Winthrop view his people? 2. What would happen to Winthrop’s people if they did not follow through with their mission? 3. What is the Purpose of Winthrop’s speech? “God requireth not a uniformity of religion to be enacted and enforced in any civil state; which enforced uniformity sooner or later is the greatest occasion of civil war, ravishing of conscience, persecution of Christ Jesus in his servants, and of the hypocrisy and destruction of millions of souls.”

- Roger Williams, “A Plea For Religious Liberty” - 1644 Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. How does Williams view religious toleration? 2. How does this differ from John Winthrop? 3. What is the Purpose of Williams’ speech? “Be it enacted ... no goods or merchandizes whatsoever shall be imported into, or exported out of, any colony or plantation to his Majesty, in Asia, Africa, or America ... in any ship or bottom, but what is or shall be of the built of England, Ireland, or the said colonies or plantations ... and navigated with the masters and three fourths of the mariners of the said places only ... under pain of forfeiture of ships and goods.”

- Navigation Act, April 1696

Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video.

1. What is the Purpose of this Act? 2. When England loosely enforced this law, that was an example of……. 3. What are implications of England loosely enforcing this law? (Think long-term consequences…..) 4. Who is the Intended Audience of this document?

Period 3 (1754 – 1800) Review Sheet Chapters 4 – 6 of the American History Textbook Chapters 5 – 8of the America’s History Textbook

Chapters 6 – 10 of the American Pageant Textbook Chapters of the Give Me Liberty! Textbook

Welcome to Period 3! This period accounts for roughly 12% of the exam. In past exams, this period has been a popular choice for essays and Short Answer Questions, so make sure you are able to explain main ideas!

Potential Short Answer Questions/Essay Topics Include: • Reasons for the Growth of the First Party System. (Check out THIS video) • Analyzing the 7 Years’ War as a turning point. (Check out THIS video) • Comparing and Contrasting the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

Why were these years chosen for this period?

1754 marked the beginning of the 7 Years War (French and Indian) which the British would win and end its longstanding policy of salutary neglect. 1800 marked the election of Thomas Jefferson, which some historians have called The Revolution of 1800.

Key vocabulary terms to know for this time period:

Impact of the 7 Years’ War - France was removed from North America; Great Britain was in massive debt, began to consolidate control over colonies - taxes; many colonists resisted Common Sense - Written by T-Paine, and Enlightenment thinker. Urged that it was "Common Sense" that colonies should break away from Great Britain Declaration of Independence - Inspired by Common Sense and Enlightenment ideals; inspired France and countries in Latin America to experience revolutions Reasons for Patriot Victory in the Revolutionary War - Colonists' familiarity with the land; political and military leadership (Washington); ideological commitment (Natural Rights); Support from European Allies (France after Saratoga) Northwest Land Ordinance - Passed under Articles - banned slavery in NW territory (OH, MI, IN, etc.); created a process for admitting new states (60,000 inhabitants) Articles of Confederation - First governing document of US - created a WEAK central government; issues with trade - different currencies in each state, tariffs on goods traded between states Constitution - Replaced the Articles - series of compromises (Great, 3/5, Slave Trade); provided limits on federal power (separation of powers); did not address problems of slavery Washington’s Farewell Address - Warned of entangling foreign alliances and political parties; helped inspire foreign policy until after WWII

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Republican Motherhood - Expectation that women would instill Republican values in children and be active in families; helped increase education for women Bill of Rights - Added AFTER the Constitutional Convention; created to gain support of anti-Federalists; guaranteed rights of individuals

Watch THIS video on Period 3 before you proceed. (10 minutes)

1. What four major events occurred in 1763? Think PEEP. (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of those four events). 2. How did the 7 Years’ War impact the French? 3. Identify and define three examples of salutary neglect ending after the 7 Years War. (Need a quick recap? Check out THIS video – my first one ever made!) 4. What was the message of T-Paine’s Common Sense? 5. What were three reasons the Patriots were successful in the Revolutionary War? Check out THIS Hamilton song that describes an important one. 6. Why was the Articles of Confederation purposely created to be weak? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the Articles) 7. What was the significance of the Northwest Land Ordinance? (Check out THIS video at 2:24) 8. How can Daniel Shays’ be seen as a contributor to the Constitution? (Check out THIS video at 4:22) 9. Describe the following compromises that are found in the Constitution. (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the Constitution)

• Great Compromise • 3/5 Compromise • Slave Trade Compromise

10. What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights? Why were they added to the Constitution?

11. What were 5 parts of Alexander Hamilton’s Financial Plan? Bold the part that was the most controversial. (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of Hamilton’s Plan) Also, check out THIS amazing song from the Hamilton musical that discusses this issue. 12. Complete the following table below about the First Party System. (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the characteristics of the 1st Party System)

Democratic-Republicans Federalists Foreign Policy Favored This Country

View of the National Bank (BUS) Interpretation of the Constitution

People that supported this party were likely to be

Economy should be based on 13. What was the message of Washington’s Farewell Address? Was his advice followed? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of his Farewell Address) 14. How did the Alien and Sedition Acts lead to debates over the power of the government? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the acts AND the VA and KY Resolutions) 15. How did Republican Motherhood help define the role of women after the Revolutionary War?

Document Analysis “And We do hereby strictly forbid, on Pain of our Displeasure, all our loving Subjects from making any Purchases or Settlements whatever…… without our especial leave and Licence for that Purpose first obtained. And We do further strictly enjoin and require all Persons whatever who have either wilfully or inadvertently seated themselves upon any Lands ……. to remove themselves from such Settlements.” - Proclamation Line of 1763 Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. What was the reaction to this document? 2. What was the cause of this document? 3. What were the effects of this document? 4. What was the Purpose of this document?

5. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? “Small islands, not capable of protecting themselves, are the proper objects for kingdoms to take under their care; but there is something absurd, in supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island.” - Common Sense, 1776 Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. What is the Historical Context of the document? 2. Who is the Intended Audience of the document?

- 1765 Newspaper Masthead Need help with this document? Check out THIS quick video. 1. What is the Historical Context of this image? 2. What is the Purpose of this image? 3. How did the above image help foster the independence movement?

Only one more document left for this period!

Need help with this document? Check out THIS video. 1. What is the Purpose of this image? 2. Who would support this cartoon? 3. Who would oppose this cartoon? 4. Why did people support a stronger government under the Constitution? 5. What, ultimately, led to the ratification of the Constitution?

Period 4 (1800 – 1848) Review Sheet Chapters 7 – 12 of the American History Textbook

Chapters 9 – 12 the America’s History Textbook Chapters 9 – 15 of the American Pageant Textbook

Chapters of the Give Me Liberty! Textbook

Welcome to Period 4! This period accounts for roughly 10% of the exam. In past exams, this period has been a popular choice for essays and Short Answer Questions, so make sure you are able to explain main ideas!

Potential Short Answer Questions/Essay Topics Include: • Causes and Impacts of the Market Revolution. • Development of the 2nd Party System (Check out THIS video) • Causes and Impacts of the Second Great Awakening • Reasons for the growth of slavery and its effects (Check out THIS video)

Why were these years chosen for this period?

1800 marked the election of Thomas Jefferson, which some historians have called The Revolution of 1800. 1848 is the year the Seneca Falls Convention occurred and was also the year the Mexican-American War ended.

Key vocabulary terms to know for this time period:

Impact of the Supreme Court decisions of the early 1800s - The primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution (think judicial review)) and giving federal laws power over state governments (think Gibbons v. Ogden and McCulloch v. Maryland) Whigs and Democrats Disagreed over - Role and powers of the federal government, National Bank, tariffs, federally funded internal improvements (Think Henry Clay's American System) Impact of the Second Great Awakening - Moral and social reforms (think abolitionism, women's rights, temperance, etc.) Seneca Falls Convention- Women's Rights convention that sought greater equality (attended by men too such as Frederick Douglass) New innovations during the Market Revolution - Textile machinery (spinning jenny), steam engines, interchangeable parts (Eli Whitney), telegraph, and agricultural inventions (cotton gin - Whitney again) How did the Market Revolution change the production of goods? - Goods were increasingly made outside the home. Women and men began working in factories. Where did immigrants settle? - Irish settled in northern cities, Germans settled on the frontier - worked as farmers (CINCINNATI!) American System - Henry Clay!'s plan to unify the American economy. Focused on a 2nd BUS, Internal Improvements, and Tariffs. The north and midwest benefitted more than the south.

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Monroe Doctrine - President Monroe's message to Europe to NOT colonize any new land in Latin America. The US would stay out of European affairs. Missouri Compromise (Compromise of 1820) - 3 parts: Maine was a free state, Missouri was a slave state, everything above 3630 latitude line would be free, everything below would be slave. This applied to ONLY the Louisiana Purchase. Later overturned by the Kansas-Nebraska Act (possible synthesis point).

Watch THIS video on Period 4 before you proceed. (14 minutes)

1. What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap) 2. How did the following Supreme Court Cases help establish the supremacy of federal over state laws? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap)

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824):

3. What were reasons for the growth of the Second Party System? (Democrats and Whigs). (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the characteristics of the 2nd Party System) 4. Complete the chart below based on the Democrats and Whigs.

Democrats Whigs Role and Power of Federal Government

View of the National Bank (2nd BUS)

View of Tariffs View of Federally funded Internal Improvements

5. Identify and briefly explain three impacts of the Second Great Awakening? (Check out THIS video for a recap of the Second Great Awakening) 6. How did African Americans protect their dignity and family structures? 7. Identify and describe three different abolitionists. (Check out THIS video for a quick recap) 8. Identify and explain two examples of slave rebellions between 1800 and 1848.

9. What was the goal of the Seneca Falls Convention? Did they achieve this goal? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap) 10. Identify and briefly explain two new technological innovations ruing the Market Revolution. (Check out THIS video for a recap of Market Revolution inventions). 11. What was the goal of Henry Clay’s American System? Was it successful? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the American System). 12. What was the message of the Monroe Doctrine? 13. How were Native Americans impacted as a result of westward expansion? (Provide SPECIFIC historical details) 14. What were the three parts of the Missouri Compromise? Why was it important for both the North and South to have the balance of states equal at 12? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap) 15. What is nativism? What are examples of this during Antebellum America? (Check out THIS video for a recap of nativism) 16. What two groups immigrated in large numbers to America in the 1830s and 1840s? Where did they tend to settle? (Check out THIS video for a recap of “Old” Immigration.) 17. What happened to the amount of Americans able to vote under Andrew Jackson’s Presidency? What groups were still not able to vote? (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of Jackson’s presidency) 18. How were tensions (Check out THIS video for a quick recap of the Nullification Crisis)

Document Analysis “I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or speak, or write, with moderation. No! No! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen;—but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest—I will not equivocate—I will not excuse—I will not retreat a single inch—AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.” — William Lloyd Garrison, "To the Public," from the Inaugural Editorial in the January 1, 1831, issue of The Liberator (Check out THIS video that breaks down the above document.) 1. How does Garrison justify his approach towards slavery? 2. Would the following support or oppose Garrison’s message? Why?

• American Colonization Society:

• Southern Plantation Owners: • Those that supported the Women’s Rights Movement:

3. What were arguments used by the South to counter Garrison’s message? “[T]his momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror. I considered it, at once as the [death] knell of the Union. It is hushed, indeed, for the moment. But this is a reprieve only, not a final sentence. A geographical line, coinciding with a marked principle, moral and political, once conceived and held up to the angry passions of men, will never be obliterated; and every new irritation will mark it deeper and deeper.” -- Source: Thomas Jefferson to John Randolph, April 22, 1820 (Check out THIS video that breaks down the above document) 1. What is the Historical Context of this document? 2. What is the Purpose of this document? “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness….. The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpation on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world…

• He has not ever permitted her to exercise her inalienable right to the elective franchise. • He has compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which she had no voice. • Having deprived her of this first right as a citizen, the elective franchise, thereby leaving her without

representation in the halls of legislation, he has oppressed her on all sides. • He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. • He has taken from her all right in property, even to the wages she earns. • He has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education—all colleges being closed against her. - Declaration of Sentiments (1848) (Check out THIS video that breaks down the above document) 1. What document was the Declaration of Sentiments inspired by? How do you know? Why might the authors chosen to have done this? 1. What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? 2. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? 3. What is the Point of View of the document? 4. What is the Purpose of this document?

-- “King Andrew I” (Check out THIS video that breaks down the above political cartoon) 1. What is the point of view of the cartoon? (Positive? Negative? How do you know?) 2. What political party would support the image above? 3. What political party would oppose the image above? 4. Would the following people/groups agree or disagree with the depiction of Andrew Jackson in the image? Why?

• Native Americans such as the Cherokees: • Individuals that opposed the BUS:

• John C. Calhoun and his supporters: “The committee [of the South Carolina Legislature] have bestowed on the subjects referred to them the deliberate attention which their importance demands; and the result, on full investigation, is a unanimous opinion that the act of Congress of the last session, with the whole system of legislation imposing duties on imports, not for revenue, but the protection of one branch of industry at the expense of others, is unconstitutional, unequal, and oppressive, and calculated to corrupt the public virtue and destroy the liberty of the country; which propositions they propose to consider in the order stated, and then to conclude their report with the consideration of the important question of the remedy.” -- South Carolina Exposition and Protest, 1828 1. What issue does the South Carolina legislature have with Congress? 2. What region(s) of the country would agree with the message? 3. What region(s) of the country would disagree with the message? 4. Does this document support the American System? How do you know? 5. What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? 6. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? 7. What is the Point of View of the document? 8. What is the Purpose of this document?

(Check out THIS video that breaks down the above political cartoon)

1. What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? 2. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? 3. What is the Point of View of the document? 4. What is the Purpose of this document?

Period 5 (1844 – 1877) Review Sheet Chapters 13 – 15 of the American History Textbook Chapters 12 – 15 of the America’s History Textbook Chapters 16 – 23 of the American Pageant Textbook

Chapters of the Give Me Liberty! Textbook

Welcome to Period 5! This period accounts for roughly 13% of the exam – the biggest so far! In past exams, this period has been a popular choice for essays and Short Answer Questions, so make sure you are able to explain main ideas!

Potential Short Answer Questions/Essay Topics Include: • How could The Mexican-American War be seen As A Turning Point? • Causes and effects of Manifest Destiny • Sectional tensions prior to the Civil War – for example, The Compromise of 1850, The Kansas-Nebraska Act, and The Dred Scott decision. • How successful was Reconstruction? • Ways Southern states resisted the 13 – 15 Amendments

Why were these years chosen for this period? 1844 marked the election of James K. Polk. Shortly after his election, Manifest Destiny was in full thrust as well as the Mexican-American War. Many have argued that this war was a Turning Point. After the Civil War ended, the US entered a time period known as Reconstruction, which ended in 1877.

Key vocabulary terms to know for this time period:

Reasons for westward migration (Manifest Destiny) - Access to natural and mineral resources, economic opportunities for settlers, religious refuge (Mormons). Arguments to annex western lands included – Manifest Destiny and American institutions (democracy) Impact US acquiring the Mexican Cession- Debates over the status of slavery (Wilmot Proviso), Native Americans, and Mexicans in the newly acquired land. How did the government encourage westward migration?- Passing new legislation (think Homestead Act) encouraging settlers to move west, government gave land and subsidies to RR companies. Goal of the Nativist Movement? - It was especially Anti-Catholic. The nativists hoped to limit the power and cultural influence of the immigrants (Irish and Germans). What was the free soil movement? - Sought to keep slavery from expanding into newly acquired territories. What were ways abolitionists campaigned against slavery? - Moral arguments (think William Lloyd Garrison), assisting slaves' escapes (think Underground RR), using violence (think Bleeding-Kansas and Harpers Ferry). How did the South justify and defend slavery? – They claimed slavery was a positive good (John C. Calhoun). What was the Compromise of 1850? - Dealt with the Mexican Cession - popular

R E A D T H I S F I R S T !

sovereignty would be used in the territory, slave trade was banned in Washington D.C., California was added as a free state, a more strict fugitive slave law was created. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? - Overturned the MO Compromise - introduced popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska. Helped lead to the creation of the Republican Party. What did the Supreme Court rule in Dred Scott v. Sanford? – Slaves were property, not citizens; Congress could NOT legislate slavery in the territories. What did Lincoln campaign on in the Election of 1860? – A free soil platform – non extension of slavery. How did Lincoln’s views towards the war change over time? – Lincoln viewed the war initially as preserving the union, but eventually sought to end slavery -> Emancipation Proclamation and Gettysburg Address How did the Union ultimately prevail in the Civil War? – Improvements in leadership and strategy (Grant and the “Anaconda Plan”), Key Victories – Gettysburg and Antietam; Greater resources – more factories and RRs, the South’s infrastructure was destroyed. What did the 13 – 15 amendments do? – 13 – abolished slavery; 14 – granted citizenship and equal protection; 15 – universal adult male suffrage. Why did the 15th amendment split the women’s rights movement? – Some women advocated suffrage be extended to women as well as African American males. Why did Reconstruction end? – Compromise of 1877 withdrew troops from the South; The North’s WANING resolve led to many in the North to no longer support Reconstruction. What is sharecropping? – Renting of land to former slaves – limited economic opportunities to former slaves and poor whites in the south. What were ways the South resisted the 14th and 15th amendments? (Great Short Answer Question) – Segregation – Jim Crow laws; Violence – KKK and White League; Supreme Court Decisions – Plessy v. Ferguson (“Separate but equal”); Local political tactics – poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses

Watch THIS video on Period 5 before you proceed. (10 minutes)

1. What is MANIFEST DESTINY? 2. How did territorial expansion lead to debates over slavery? (Need SPECIFIC historical evidence) 3. What are examples of nativism faced by “Old” immigrants?

4. How did the government encourage westward expansion during the time period? 5. Provide two examples of conflicts with Native Americans during this time period. 6. What were three ways abolitionists sought to achieve their goals? 7. How did the Mexican-American War contribute to tensions between the north and south? 8. How did the South defend slavery? 9. Briefly explain how each of the following contributed to tensions over slavery:

• Compromise of 1850: • Kansas-Nebraska Act: • Dred Scott decision:

10. What was the purpose of John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry? What was the impact of this raid? 10. What was the significance of the Election of 1860? 11. What impact did the Emancipation Proclamation have on the Civil War? 12. What were three reasons the Union succeeded in the Civil War? 13. Please describe the following Amendments:

• 13 • 14 • 15

14. What impact did the 15th amendment have on the women’s rights movement? 15. What are examples of African Americans gaining political opportunities during Reconstruction? 16. What does the word waning mean? What happened to the North’s resolve to continue with Reconstruction? 17. What were three ways Southern states limited the rights of African Americans? 18. Why did “Radical” Reconstruction occur?

Document Analysis Check out THIS VIDEO to review many documents from this period. More in-depth document analysis can be found on the following pages. Thank you.

Want more information on this topic? Click HERE to check out this sweet video. 1. How would the following people view the image?

• Native Americans • Frederick Jackson Turner • Farmers hoping to prosper out west

2. What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? 3. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? 4. What is the Point of View of the document? 5. What is the Purpose of this document?

(Check out THIS video that breaks down the above document) 1. What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? 2. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? 3. What is the Point of View of the document? 4. What is the Purpose of this document? “Provided, That, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted.” - Wilmot Proviso, 1846 (Check out THIS video that breaks down the above document) 1. What is the goal of the Wilmot Proviso? 2. How did Manifest Destiny contribute to debates over slavery, such as the Wilmot Proviso?

3. The Proviso was passed in the House of Representatives, but not the Senate. What does that tell us about the population distribution in the 1840s? 4. How would the following view the Wilmot Proviso?

• Southern Plantation Owners: • Supporters of Popular Sovereignty: • Members of the Free-Soil Party: • Members of the Republican Party:

5. Where else in American History have we seen bans on slavery? (Besides the 13th amendment). 6. What is the Historical Circumstance of this document? 7. Who is the Intended Audience of this document? 8. What is the Point of View of the document? 9. What is the Purpose of this document?