wastewater management using advanced …...using advanced technologies . stephens consulting...
TRANSCRIPT
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Michigan Inland Lakes Convention
Boyne Mountain Resort May 1, 2014
Stephens Consulting Services
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT
USING ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
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Stephens Consulting Services
Think of every wastewater system as . . .
“A series of specifically chosen components assembled in a specific manner so that when properly operated as intended will produce the desired quality of treatment.”
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We’ll discuss some details of . . .
Improved soil dispersal methods
Mound Systems
Intermittent sand filters
Recirculating sand filters
Geotextile filters
Foam cube filters
Peat Filters Aerated Suspended growth processes (ATU’s or “Aeration” Systems)
Stephens Consulting Services
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Improved Soil Dispersal Systems
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NOT TO
SCALE
Source:
NDWRCDP
Dr. David
Lindbo
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NOT TO
SCALE
Source:
NDWRCDP
Dr. David
Lindbo
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Systems for Equal Distribution Stephens Consulting Services
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Stephens Consulting Services
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Stephens Consulting Services
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Mound Systems
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What is it? 1-2 feet of clean sand beneath the stone/media Septic tank, pump tank and system is
designed for uniform distribution Clean stone for distribution media – narrow
and long is best Mound made of clean, washed sand
Mound Systems
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Applications High Seasonal Groundwater
Limited Separation Mounds < 4 feet, but > 1 foot Sand provides treatment and separation
Heavy textured soil (clay) Treats wastewater before entering soil
Mound Systems
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Sand Filters
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Biofilm forms on sand grains
Oxygen around the film promotes aerobic activity
Many species are present at all times
Most are in the upper 12 inches
Insufficient food limit organisms in lower layers
Most BOD removal occurs in the top few inches
Organic matter is consumed by microbes in the biofilm
Filter Sand (refer to gradation curve)
30 MIL PVC Liner
Option: Ag. Drain w/ RSF media all the way down
See Detail A
End Cap 4" Slotted Underdrain
PVC Boot
6"-9"
24"
3/8" Pea Gravel Washed(1"-2" over laterals)
3/8" Pea Gravel
2" Sand Leveling Layer
To Recirc. Tank
PVC Lateral w/ Orifice Shields
Flushing Valve
Perimeter Support Frame (1/2" untreated plywood)
Sand
4" Boot(s)
Biological Processes
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Single Pass Sand Filter With Discharge Pump
Geo-FabricLoamy Sand or Decorative Rock
Stone (2" Over Pipe)
Filter Sand (See Specifications)
Pea Gravel
30 MIL PVC Liner
Pump Basin Sand Backfill
2" Sand Leveling Layer
PVC Lateral w/ Orifice Shields
Flushing Valve Valve Box
Liner Support (1/2" Plywood)
To Soil
Optional Lateral/Flushing Valve Connections
6"6"
2'
6"
Sweep 2 - 45°
Single Pass Sand Filter
(Intermittent Sand Filters)
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Choice of media Surface area Void space
Provision for aeration Passive
Small doses of wastewater applied uniformly Keeps flow in the biofilm – i.e. unsaturated flow Provides residence time in thin films on surfaces Prevents displacing air from voids
Important Biological Design Parameters
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Low in Oxygen demand (BOD5) -- >90% removed
Low in total solids (TSS) and volatile solids (VSS) -- > 90% removed
Will not form a significant biological clogging mat in soils
Greatly reduced in pathogens -- > 99% removed
Significantly reduced Total Nitrogen – 40-80% removed
Sand Filter Effluent compared to septic tank effluent
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Environmentally sensitive areas Soils that are not acceptable for septic tank
effluent Hydraulically slow Inadequate vertical separation
Systems with large flows To mitigate impact of subsurface dispersal Allow a higher application rate to soils Where irrigation of effluent is desired
Uses of Sand Filters
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BOD
Mg/L
TSS
mg/L
Nitrate
N
mg/L
Ammonia
N
mg/L
D.O.
mg/L
Fecal
Coliform
Org./100
ml
Septic
Tank
130 -
250
30 -
130
0 - 2
25- 60
<2
105 – 107
PBF
5-25
5-30
15-
30
0-4
3-
5
102 - 104
Effluent Comparisons
Septic Tanks vs. Associated PBF’s
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Packed Bed Filter Effluent
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Check observation ports for ponding Flush distribution system lines Check pressure to determine orifice clogging Clean orifices as needed Check underdrain – open to “breathe” air into filter Check pump controls for proper operation and
adjustment Check pump voltage – off and with pump running Check pump amp draw Check drainfield observations ports Check sludge and scum in all tanks
Sand Filter Maintenance
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Recirculating Media Filters
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Recirculation is used in many wastewater treatment processes
Recirculating involves mixing a portion of the filtered effluent with incoming septic tank effluent
This blended effluent can be applied to filter media at higher loading rates
Recirculating Filters
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Recirculating Packed Bed Filter Schematic
Septic Tank Recirculation Tank Final Effluent Tank
Recirculating Media Filter
From House To Soil
Filter Drainage
Effluent Filter Float Valve in Tank Effluent PumpDosing Pump
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Fine gravel media with effective size of 2.5 – 3 mm
No fines on the media
Typical RSF Media
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Home Size RSF
Training Center Demonstration
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Stephens Consulting Services
Combination – Single Pass &
Recirculating Sand Filters
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Cluster/Community RSF
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Sand Filters
Peat
Hanging Textile
Open Cell Foam
Stephens Consulting Services
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Home for microbes Solid material Surface area Porosity Biomass return Clogging potential Cleaning/replacement
Media Characteristics
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Synthetic Media
Geotextile Sheets
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Geotextile Packed-bed Filters
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Stephens Consulting Services
Clustered Modules
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Synthetic Media
Open Cell Foam
Cubes
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Developed for use in Ontario as the “Waterloo Biofiltertm”
The foam material is a polyurethane foam Large surface area, large void volume percentage Not decomposed by organisms in wastewater
Foam is in 2-inch cubes Wastewater is sprayed over the top Long retention time provides good treatment Sometimes requires forced aeration
Open Cell Foam Filters
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Single-Family Home Open Cell Foam Filter
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SCATtm System
Quanics, Inc.
Coir Foam
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Stephens Consulting Services
Open Cell Foam
Filters
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Stephens Consulting Services
Open Cell Foam
Filters
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Peat Filters
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Peat Biofilter
Septic Tank Pump Tank
Biofilter Modules (1 per bedroom)
Bord na
Móna
Panel
Effluent Filter
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Peat Filters for a Cluster System
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Aerobic Treatment
Units
(ATU’s)
Or
(Aeration Systems)
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Suspended growth – open chamber Submerged attached growth/fixed film – media in
aeration Combination suspended/attached growth – both
media and open area Sequential batch reactor – all-in-one with panel to
control pumps Adaptive mechanical aerator – aerator in septic tank
with/without bioaugmentation Membrane Bioreactor
Common Types of ATU’s
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Increasing the potential for oxygen to go into solution Bubble create air-water
surfaces
Air injection should be near bottom of tank More time for oxygen to go
into solution More hydrostatic pressure
on bubble
Air Provided 24 Hrs. a Day
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Positioned after primary tank (septic tank) minimizes the solids
that enter an ATU provides some flow
equalization
Layout
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ATUs Provide Air to Wastewater Continuous mechanical aeration Bugs are moved to the food by agitation
Pack-Bed Media Filters Move Wastewater to
Bugs Living in Media Attached growth assive aeration
ATUs versus Media Filters
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ChamberSettling
BaffleBaffle
SludgeReturn
EffluentInfluent(from Primary Tank)
Maintenance Access
AerationDevice
(clarifier)Suspended-GrowthChamber
Typical Suspended Growth Reactor
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ChamberSettling
BaffleBaffle
SludgeReturn
EffluentInfluent(from Primary Tank)
Maintenance Access
AerationDevice
(clarifier)
Combination of Suspended Growth and Attached Growth Reactor
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Regenerative Blowers provide aeration and
agitation mounted in an
accessible location maintenance item constant source of
noise
Blowers
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Variations in flow seriously complicate treatment process
need stable flow and stable substrate supply to maintain stable microbial population
single family home can have extreme variations from vacations (no flow) to laundry (high flow)
Problems with Flow Variations
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Examples of ATUs
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Suspended and attached-growth bubbles trickle up
through honeycombed surfaces
common application is aboard ships
Bio-Microbics FAST
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Includes additional unit processes uses recycle through
anaerobic zone to promote denitrification
adds disinfection sludge recycling
Package Plants
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Hydro-Action Plant
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Aerodiffuser
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Zabel’s HOOT Plant
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Biomass Removal biomass removal may be required every six to nine
months Aeration System Maintenance
blowers and motors are operating in a corrosive environment
Long-Term Costs energy, inspection, and maintenance
ATUs Require Maintenance
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River/Ocean
Integrated Wastewater Management
STP
STP STP
Cluster
System