waste water reuse in alexandria egypt

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Wastewater Reuse in Alexandria Wastewater Reuse in Alexandria

and Future Sanitation vision.and Future Sanitation vision.

Presented byPresented byDr. Helaly Abdel Hady HelalyDr. Helaly Abdel Hady Helaly

General Manager of Industrial wastewater, Sludge and Reuse sector.General Manager of Industrial wastewater, Sludge and Reuse sector.Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company.Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company.

Alexandria Alexandria –– EGYPT.EGYPT.

Home (tel) : 00203 381 5799 , Mobile: 002-0105201367e-mail : [email protected]

Study Tour and Workshop “Sustainable Sanitation for the City of the Future” Netherlands 18th – 24th April 2010

Who am I ?Who am I ?

I’m the grandson of the World Civilization builders,

7000 years ago.

My roots are from Upper

Egypt, Edfo, Aswan. Born in Alexandria.

i.e I’m the Typical Egyptian

Representative (from north

to south).

� Dr. Sama MZ

Presented by Dr. H.A.Helaly

Ph.D. in Environmental Science,

"Evaluation of Alexandria Wastewater Treatment System"El Suez Canal University (2004).

M.Sc. in Environmental Science,

"Seasonal Variation of Alexandria Wastewater properties", Alexandria University (1988).

B.Sc. in Agricultural Science

Water & Land Section – Faculty of Agriculture and Environment

Alexandria University (1981).

Education :



� Dr. Sama MZ

Presented by Dr. H.A.HelalyEmployment History:

General Manager of the Sector of Industrial waste, Sludge

and Reuse.

2005 -

date

General Manager of Sludge dewatering facility and West

Wastewater treatment plant.

2004-

2005

General Manager of landfill and composting facilities –ASDCO.

1993-

2004

Manager of Industrial waste department in ASDCO.1998-

1999

Superintendent of the Central Laboratory – ASDCO1985-

1993



� Dr. Sama MZ



•Projects Management and Industrial Wastewater Assessment in cities and Industrial and

Touristic Facilities.

•Management of Industrial waste treatment systems in Industrial facilities.

•Management of handling and collecting industrial waste and safe disposal.

•Management of Industrial waste reduction projects.

•Managing and operating Industrial waste control projects in Alexandria Sanitary

Company.

•Managing and operating industrial waste and research labs in ASDCO. (Supervision of

wastewater pilot plants).

•Applying industrial waste treatment researches for Alexandria factories (in cooperation with Scientific research Academy).

Practical Experience :


� Dr. Sama MZ



•Managing, operating and maintaining sanitary landfill facilities for solid and hazardous waste.

•Managing and operating Windrow sludge treatment facilities.

•Management of Effluent reuse projects.

•Managing and operating wastewater treatment plants and sludge dewatering facility.

•Managing and operating sludge disposal facility.

•Applying the Environmental and health conditions of the Mediterranean sea inspection

program (in cooperation with the Scientific Research Academy and the National researchcenter).

•Studies and research on effluent and sludge reuse in Alexandria.

•Arranging Training courses and workshops on different environmental impacts of collecting

and treatment of liquid waste on the marine and land ecosystem.

Practical Experience :


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City of the FutureCity of the Future� Dr. Sama MZ


The overall goal of the SWITCH project is to

catalyze change towards more sustainable

urban water management in the

"City of the Future”.

City of the FutureCity of the Future



Is the city with zero exhaust

All the activities of the wastewater system does not produce any carbon.



In the city of the future the wastewater system should include the

following:

•Bio solids Energy & Resource Recovery.

•Biogas Recovery.

•Heat Recovery.

•Pressure Energy Recovery.

•Water Reclamation & Reuse.

•Phosphorus Recovery.


My Dream about Alexandria in the Future.My Dream about Alexandria in the Future.

In the city of the future the wastewater system should include the following:

Complete reuse of wastewater effluent in arid areas of the western

desert. And be used as an effective tool to fight desertification and solve

Lake Maryout pollution problems.

Switching to Decentralization management .

Achieving balance in restoring costs of operation and maintenance,

through using appropriate technologies and environmentally friendly

methods in wastewater treatment.


Wastewater Reuse Wastewater Reuse in Alexandriain Alexandria

� Dr. Sama MZ


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Overview of Current Situation Overview of Current Situation in Alexandriain Alexandria

� Dr. Sama MZ



Location of Alexandria Governorate : Location of Alexandria Governorate :

Total surface area is about 2680 2680 kmkm22

� Dr. Sama MZ



Land Use (Residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture areas:Land Use (Residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture areas:

Desert Land

Agricultural land

Surface water

Municipal and Urban

•Desert land which represents about 53%

of the governorate area of about 1430 km2

and mainly lies in the west and western

south of the city.

•Agricultural uses of total area of about

730 km2 represents about 27% of the total

area of the governorate which mainly lies

in the south and eastern south.

•Surface water area which represents

about 8% of the total area of the

governorate and includes lakes, canals,

drains and fishery farms with total area of

about 210 km2.

53%8 %

27%

12%


� Dr. Sama MZStudy Tour and Workshop “Sustainable Sanitation for the City of the Future” Netherlands 18th – 24th April 2010

Land Use (Residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture areas:Land Use (Residential, commercial, industrial and agriculture areas:

46%

19%

29%

3% 3%

Housing buildings

Industrial Buildings

Roads and Railways

Public and Recreation

areas

Military buildings

•Municipality and Urban area which represents the rest part of the governorate area

(about 12% and 310 km2) including the following uses:

•Housing buildings of about 46 % ,

•Industrial buildings of about 19 %,

•Roads, railway, and marine uses of about 29 %

•Public and recreation areas of about 3% and

•Military buildings of about 3 %

� Dr. Sama MZ



Areas covered by a sewer system : Areas covered by a sewer system :

extends about 32 32 km (km (20 20 miles) miles) along the coast of the Mediterranean sea

Mixed Sewer System (domestic, storm water and

industrial wastewater).Up to 8686868686868686%%%%%%%% of the population is served by wastewater

facilities

� Dr. Sama MZ



Main Sewer Lines and Pumping StationsMain Sewer Lines and Pumping Stations

45000 m3/d

100000 m3/d

260000 m3/d

850000 m3/d

45000 m3/d

285000 m3/d

17280 m3/d

55000 m3/d

Main Pump Stations in Alexandria.

� Dr. Sama MZ



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Main Wastewater Treatment Plants Main Wastewater Treatment Plants

� Dr. Sama MZ



Quala Drain

92,358

East Treatment Plant

607,000

432,236Sea Locks

82,200Semouha Drain

19,152Gonet Zohra

Drain

131,616

Evapotranspiration

169,344

West Treatment

Plant

410,325

El-Mex Pumping

Station

7,993,945

QUALA

915,790

Omoum Drain

4,200,000

Nubaria Canal

2,530,000

Underground water

24,974

Amlak Drain

65,664

Lake

Mayout

The Main drains in Alexandria are:

• El Qalaa which receives the effluent of ETP.

• West Noubaria and El Omoum drain dispose into the Mediterranean through Lake Maryout.

receives pollution loads from rural areas

Final Disposal points of Alexandria wastewater

� Dr. Sama MZ



Factors affecting the wastewater system Factors affecting the wastewater system

in the futurein the future

� Dr. Sama MZ



Factors affecting the wastewater system in the future

1. Population growth, city expansion and wastewater flows

2. Wastewater composition, industrial discharges and the enforced effluent

standards

3. Demand for effluent (industrial, urban and agricultural reuse; location,

required qualities and potential quantities)

4. Intrusion of saline water into the sewer system

� Dr. Sama MZ



0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

2006 2012 2017 2022 2027 2032 2037

Year

Wa

st

wa

ter

da

ily

ra

te

Produced

S.T.P capacity

Wastewater production and STP’s capacity (Master plan 2037)

� Dr. Sama MZ



Alexandria city is expected to face the following challenges:

• Water Demand Increase (population, economic, industrial and social activities).

• Semi-arid zone (little rain fall 150-200 mm/year).

• Limited groundwater Potential (Fresh, 3 million m3/year).

• Down stream main irrigation system.

• Water quality degradation (44% Industrial Activities of which 60% is petro-

chemical Activities)

• Climate Change (sea rise, 19 km2, 1.5 million person , 30 million US$ …..)

� Dr. Sama MZ


Therefore, it is important to en light “ Effluent Reuse”


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Alexandria effluent Reuse Definition:Alexandria effluent Reuse Definition:

Is the optimum use of Alexandria treated effluent

through appropriate technologies and the best

management practices to achieve best outcomes in

terms of environmental basis and public health .

� Dr. Sama MZ



Leading to

Economical and safe reuse of Alexandria Effluent

to

• Ensure the optimum use of this water resource.

• Protect the environment of Alexandria especially the aquatic

environment.

Benefits of Alexandria effluent ReuseBenefits of Alexandria effluent Reuse

� Dr. Sama MZ



• Is it a critical need to reuse now ? or in the future ?

• Are the other water resources still better than effluent reuse ?

Or

•Does reuse have other concerns regarding environment, public health

and national safety ?

Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse

� Dr. Sama MZ



� �� .Could effluent reuse be one of the effective tools to establish an integrated

wastewater management ?

• Solve problems of Lake Maryout and water bodies.

• Solve problems of calcareous and sandy soil in arid areas.

• Solve problems of re-using Agricultural drains water.


to


� Dr. Sama MZ



Isn’t having and developing national

technologies for effluent re-use

under all circumstances a must ?

Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse

� Dr. Sama MZ



� An effective tool to sustain high effluent quality from Alexandria

treatment plants.

� An effective tool to solve the problem of flocculation of effluent

quality.

� An effective tool in increasing self purification efficiency during

transporting treated effluent from Alexandria to the arid areas.

Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse Queries to handle Alexandria Effluent Reuse

To act as

� Dr. Sama MZ



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• Feasibility of effluent reuse versus discharging to water

bodies (i.e disposal by dilution)

• Alexandria effluent quality.

Alexandria Effluent Reuse Restrictions :Alexandria Effluent Reuse Restrictions :

� Dr. Sama MZ


How to sustain continuous high quality effluents according to wastewater

reuse criteria in terms of organic and pathogenic parameters.


Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water & Degree of Treatment& Degree of Treatment

Third Group Advanced Treated Water

Second Group Secondary Treated Water

First Group Preliminary Treated Water

UnitDescriptionSer.

2040300Part per millionB.O.Ds1

4080600Part per millionC.O.D. Dichoromate2

2040350Part per millionT.S.S.3

510undeterminedPart per millionOils and Grease4

115Number/litreNumber of Enteric Nematode Cells or eggs5

1001000undeterminedFor every 200/m2Number of Fecal Coliform Cells6

Until 2000Until 2000Until 2500Part per millionMaximum Concentration of Total Dissolved Salts

(according to plant endurance degree)

7

2020259Rate if sodium

Adsorption (permeability according to type of soil & plant)

8

300300until 350Part per millionChlorides Concentration9

Until 3Until 3until 5Part per millionBoron Concentration10

� Dr. Sama MZ



Third Group Advanced Second Group Secondary

First Group Preliminary

Unit

Degree of

Treatment/Standards

Metal

0.010.010.06Part per millionCadmium

5510Part per millionLead

0.20.2UndeterminedPart per millionCopper

0.20.20.5Part per millionNickel

22UndeterminedPart per millionZinc

0.1UndeterminedUndeterminedPart per millionArsenic

0.1UndeterminedUndeterminedPart per millionChrome

0.20.2UndeterminedPart per millionMolybolenum (green fodder only)

0.20.20.2Part per millionManganese

55UndeterminedPart per millionIron

0.050.05UndeterminedPart per millionCobalt

Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water Maximum Standards Permitted for Reusing Treated Sanitary Drainage Water & & Degree of Treatment Degree of Treatment contdcontd…..…..

� Dr. Sama MZ



Decree Decree 4444//2000 2000 :Reusing Treated Wastewater in Agriculture; Degree of Treatment, :Reusing Treated Wastewater in Agriculture; Degree of Treatment, Kind of Plant & Soil, and Method of IrrigationKind of Plant & Soil, and Method of Irrigation

Proposed Kind of Soils

Suitable Irrigation Methods

Environmental & Health Precautions

PlantsDegree of Treatment

Group

Light texture authorized for use in desert land 5 km away

from dwelling communities while complying with

periodical assessment of the environment

Furrow

Fencing farms

No direct contact with water and entrance of farm workers

only

Prohibit from entering farms

Take health measures required for the protection from

infection with pathogenic organisms and treatments

Trees for TimberPrimaryFirst

Light medium textureFurrow & sprinkling

Cattle not yielding milk, and producing met could be used

Food should be cooked prior to eating

Palm trees, cotton, flax, linen, jute

Fodder crops & dried cereals

Husky fruits & crops

Cooking vegetables

Heat processed fruits

Flower nurseries

Raw edible plants

Husky plants

SecondarySecond

All kinds for soil

All methods except

spraying

NoneAll kinds of horticulture crops

Fodder & green grassesAdvancedThird

� Dr. Sama MZ


Decree Decree 4444//2000 2000 :Egyptian Microbiological Quality Standards for Treated Wastewater:Egyptian Microbiological Quality Standards for Treated WastewaterUse in AgricultureUse in Agriculture

Wastewater treatment expected to achieve

required microbiological quality

Faecal coliforms

(geometric mean no./100 mlc)

Intestinal nematodesb

(arithmetic mean no. of eggs/litrec)

Exposed Group

Re-use ConditionsCategory

A series of stabilization ponds designed to

achieve the microbiological quality indicated, or similar

treatment

<1000d<1

Workers, consumers and public

Irrigation of crops likely to be eaten uncooked, sports

fields, public parksdA

“Unrestricted”

Retention in stabilization ponds for 8-10 days or equivalent helminth and faecalcoliform removal

<1000<1Workers

Irrigation of cereal crops, industrial

crops, fodder crops, pasture and treeseB

Pretreatment as required by the

irrigation technology, but not less than

primary sedimentationNot applicableNot applicableNone

Localised irrigation of crops in category B if exposure of workers and the public does not

occur

C

� Dr. Sama MZ


Agricultural

Group

Sub-group Description

Group (A) 1-1 Plants and trees cultivated in green areas in

resorts and hotels

Grass, Gustine grass, ornamental palm trees, climbing plants,

shrubs, wooden trees, shade trees

1-2 Grass for golf playgrounds Playground grass in addition to the mentioned in 1-1

1-3 Plants and trees cultivated in green areas inside

cordon of residential areas in new cities.

Grass, Gustine grass, ornamental palm trees, climbing plants,

shrubs, wooden trees, shade trees

Group (B1) 2-1 Fodder products In condition to be ripped and dried in sunrays before to consumed

by animals.

2-2 Fruit trees In condition to be produced and preservation in cans or processed as

orange, lemon, mango, olive, dates palm, or nuts, coconuts.

2-3 Cereals products Products processed by heating and drying before consumed as

wheat, barley, and maize.

2-4 Suitable trees for highways plantation and green

belts around cities

Dates palm and olive.

2-5 Plant nurseries Nursery wood plants, ornamental plants or fruit trees.

2-6 Roses and gathering flowers Roses, gladiolus, etc..

Group (B2) 3-1 Plants producing industrial oils Caster oil plant, etc..

3-2 Fibers products Flax, jute, hemp, etc..

3-3 Mulberry for the production of silk Local mulberry, Japanese mulberry.

Group (C) 4-1 Wooden trees All kinds of wooden trees.

Classification of Plants and Crops Allowed to be Irrigated With Treated Water

� Dr. Sama MZ



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Challenges and problems of reusing Treated Effluent at Alexandria :Challenges and problems of reusing Treated Effluent at Alexandria :

• Choosing the best tool to Manage the project and the

supervision of all its components.

• The project area has not been completely dedicated yet.


OptionsOptions toto faceface thethe challengeschallenges (Projects,(Projects, costscosts andand use)use)..

• Publishing Feasibility studies for the project.

• Establishing an effective appealing tool.

• Demonstrating different alternatives for the reuse

options.

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ToTo ensureensure successsuccess ofof thethe projectproject ::

• Activation of team works between Ministries and concerned

authorities and mainly Ministry of Agriculture & Irrigation and

Alexandria Sanitary Drainage company and the Executive

Organization for Water and Wastewater.

The project studies are ready and include technical and

economical studies.

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•Establish a committee from concerned authorities and thosewho benefit from wastewater reuse.

•Dedicating suitable location of arid land to be used for reuse.

•It is a must to upgrade the available wastewater reuse studies(mainly WRc study).

•Find an appropriate funding authority.

To start the project:To start the project:


Recommendation To Enhance Alexandria Effluent ReuseRecommendation To Enhance Alexandria Effluent Reuse

It is a must to

-Re-pricing different types of clean water to achieve actual costs in order to save, to spot light effluent reuse .

-Enhancing behavior of effluent reuse in new towns and rural areas.

-Applying Grey water reuse systems in different appropriate reuses, in different locations of Alexandria.

-Giving benefits to re-users to encourage them.


Who would be the initiator of this project:Who would be the initiator of this project:

1. The Ministry of Irrigation.

2. Alexandria Sanitary Drainage Company (ASDCO.)

3. Executive organization for water and wastewater.

Why ?Why ?

1. Ministry of Irrigation is responsible for National Irrigation Plan.

2. ASDCO is responsible for Management of Alexandria Wastewater System.

3. The Executive Organization is responsible for construction works and

budgeting.


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