Read, analyze chart and answer the questionRead, analyze chart and answer the question

City 1790 1800 1810

Boston 18,038 24,937 33,250New York 33,131 60,489 96,373Philadelphia 45,529 69,403 91,874Baltimore 13,503 26,114 35,583Charleston 16,359 20,473 24,711

1. What conclusions about trends in America can you make from this chart? (Geography, impact of slavery, importance of trade, etc)

2. Why did we have a Census?

WARM UPWARM UP

notes1

1. Washington’s Presidency Served 2 terms---1789 to 1797

VP: John Adams

2. US Problems = Solutions Government on paper but not in practice

Precedents Develops f irst

Cabinet----Hamilton vs Jefferson Supreme Court

Debt Excise taxes and tarif fs Bank of United States (BUS) in 1792

Confidence in new Constitution Whiskey Rebell ion

Successfully put down by Washington, 1794

Farmers refuse to pay Whiskey tax

to US Govt. “Mobocracy”

The Possibil i ty of WarJay’s Treaty—1793---Great Britain

Forts for debtsPicnkney’s Treaty—1795---Spain

Open up the Mississippi RiverFrench Revolution---1789 to 1800---US

US asked to help France in war with EnglandNeutrali ty Act---Washington warns US tostay neutral and not side with the French.

4. Washington’s Farewell Speech: 1796Two ways the US can stay unif ied

Avoid polit ical part ies Military all iances with Europe

Neutrali ty----Isolat ion

notes2

Achievements:Achievements:

•Sound economic

foundation

•westward expansion

•Kept us out of war

Forming a Government

“We are in a wilderness without a footstep to guide us” ~ James

Madison

Washington: The Obvious Choice

• Acc. To Constitution, president was to be chosen by “electors” named by state legislatures

• Each elector had two ballots

• Washington was unanimous 1st choice (69 electoral votes)

• Under this system, the winner was president & person with second-greatest number of votes became VP (it was Adams with 34 electoral votes)

Washington takes the Oath of Office

Wash inaugural

•New Constitution and Government

take effect on April 30, 1789.

•Washington Washington begins his begins his

presidency in New presidency in New York City and York City and

alternates between alternates between there and there and

Philadelphia.Philadelphia.

•Capital city at this time wasNew York

City.US army < 700 US army < 700 officers and soldiers; officers and soldiers; no navyno navy

Precedents are models, Precedents are models, examples or influences examples or influences other Presidents would other Presidents would

followfollowWhat to call the President? Mr.

President

President sets their own personal style

Cabinet appointed by President and advises him

precedents

VP has no official duties

President acts independent from Congress

Congress relies on the advice of the President

Served 2 terms and stepped aside for someone else

The First “Cabinet”

• Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson• Secretary of the Treasury: Alexander Hamilton• Secretary of War: Henry Knox• Attorney General: Edmund Randolph

Domestic Policies

John Jay first Chief Justice

of the Supreme Court

•President Washington appoints 6 President Washington appoints 6 justices to the Supreme Courtjustices to the Supreme Court

•3 from North and 3 from South3 from North and 3 from South

•Judiciary Act of 1789Judiciary Act of 1789, Congress , Congress created lower courts to assist the created lower courts to assist the Supreme Court.Supreme Court.

Judiciary Act of 1789

• Provided more details about Judicial Branch• 6 Supreme Court justices (John Jay is first Chief

Justice) (#s went up over time)

• Other lower federal courts• Affirmed “supremacy clause” of Constitution

(Article 6, Section 2): states could appeal to a federal court if constitutional issues were raised (e.g./ election results in Florida in 2000)

Foreign Debt$11,710,000

Federal Domestic Debt$42,414,000

State Debt$21,500,000

CustomDuties

(Tarif fs)

ExciseTax

on Whiskey

Misc.Revenue

Congress & Sec. of Congress & Sec. of Treasury Alexander Treasury Alexander Hamilton solve debt Hamilton solve debt

problems:problems:

•Pay off $80 million debt

•Excise tax: Taxes placed on manufactured products

•Tariff: a tax on imports

•Establish good credit with foreign nations

•Create a national bank with a national currency

•Raise money for govt backed by gold silver

Compromise with Thomas Jefferson called the Assumption Act led to the creation of

Washington, D.C.debt

HAMILTONHAMILTON•Safe place to deposit and

transfer money

•Provide loans to government and state banks

•A national currency---$$$$$

•An investment by people to buy stock into US bank

•Constitution did not forbid a national bank….Loose

construction of Constitution

•National debt good for country

JEFFERSONJEFFERSON•Against the Constitution

•State banks would collapse

•Only wealthy could invest in bank and would control bank than control the government

•Hurt the common man

•Strict construction…If it is not mentioned in the Constitution than there can’t be a national

bank.

•Against a national debt

BUS

Our Nation’s Capital• Had been Philadelphia• In 1789, it’s New York City (then

back to Philly)• Plans are made to create a new

city centrally located to appeal to Northerners and Southerners: the District of Columbia

• Built on a swamp along Potomac River between Maryland and Virginia

• Pierre L’Enfant and Benjamin Banneker (African American) are among the engineers whose grand vision is realized

• Becomes nation’s capital in 1800 (Adams the first president to live in White House – the “President’s House”)

• To this day, unique relationship to US; not a state

whiskeymap

Whiskey RebellionWhiskey Rebellion

Whiskey Rebels refused to pay the excise tax that was passed by Congress and signed into law by President Washington….Believed

this tax was unfair because it was taxing their income……

•Farmer’s revolt in Farmer’s revolt in western western

Pennsylvania.Pennsylvania.

•Refused to pay Refused to pay Hamilton’ s excise Hamilton’ s excise

tax tax

•Believed it was an Believed it was an unfair tax.unfair tax.

•Were called the Were called the ““Whiskey RebelsWhiskey Rebels””

•Issue at hand was Issue at hand was testing the power of testing the power of the new Constitutionthe new Constitution

Outcome:Outcome:

•Demonstrated to the Demonstrated to the people that this new people that this new

constitution was constitution was powerful enough to powerful enough to put down domestic put down domestic

rebellions, rebellions, “mobocracy”“mobocracy”

•Showed the power of Showed the power of the national the national governmentgovernment

President Washington reviews 13,000 troops of the President Washington reviews 13,000 troops of the Western Army assembled at Fort Cumberland, Western Army assembled at Fort Cumberland,

Maryland, to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.Maryland, to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.

Whiskey