WASH Sustainability checks in Ethiopia

Marieke Adank (IRC) and Ryan Schweitzer (AguaConsult)

National WASH Multi-Stakeholder Forum 7Hilton Hotel, December 16-17, 2015

Sustainability checksSustainability checks provide insight into • Status of service provision: Is service provision in line

with norms and standards?

• Sustainability: Are the conditions for sustainable WASH service provision in place?

The presentation: Findings from two sustainability checks

Overview: Two Sustainability AssessmentsONEWASH Plus(2014-2018)

Your Health is in Your Hands (2009-2013)

Assessment Approach*

UNICEF’s Sustainability Check

USAID’s WASH Sustainability Index Tool (SIT)

Focus Small town and surrounding rural areas

Rural areas (kebeles/kushets)

Intervention types

Water supplySanitationInstitutional WASH

Water supply (handpumps/springs) CLTS-HInstitutional sanitation

Location 7 towns and surrounding rural areas

12 woredas

Regions Amhara, Oromia , Tigray, Somali

Amhara, Oromia, Tigray, SNNPR

Status water services 12 11

1 59

212

31Functional Non Functional

Inte

rven

tions

12% no improved access

88% access to improved water supplies 48% improved access, but water use <20 lpcd

32% improved, water use at least 20 lpcd, but unreliable, not within 500 m or unacceptable quality 8% improved access with water use at least 20 lpcd of reliable water of acceptable quality within 500m.

7 small towns (Source: One WaSH Plus survey for UNICEF/DFID)

Source: Survey by Tetra Tech / Aguaconsult for USAID

Rural water interventions (YHYH)

Town water services (ONEWASH Plus)

Functionality rate public taps: 68%

2% improved access with water use in line with GTP2 within 250m.

Status sanitation services

Households with latrine: 76%However, − Households with well-maintained

latrine: 25%− Households with latrine with water

and soap: 12%

Schools with improved latrines: 71%However, − Schools with with appropriate

number of holes for males and females: 12%

− Schools with clean, safe, private sanitation: 11%

Status institutional WASH

12 111 5

9 212

31FunctionalNon Functional

Inte

rven

tions

ONEWASH Plus towns:

YHYH:

Source: Survey by Tetra Tech / Aguaconsult for USAID

7 small towns (Source: One WaSH Plus survey for UNICEF/DFID)

ODF Not ODF

Sanitary latrinesUnsanitary latrines

SustainabilitySustainability Factors:• Institutional (and

management)• Technical• Financial • Social • Environmental

Levels:• National level• “Service authority” level

(woreda, zone, region)• Service provider level

(WASHCo, TWU, institutions, sanitation service providers)

Scoring: On indicators related to sustainability factors at different levels from 0-100

MSF 7

Maksegnit Abomsa Sheno Welenchiti Kebridehar Adishihu Wukro AverageRoles for cleaning and minor maintenance of institutional latrines 90 86 85 100 0 100 100 80Roles and responsibilities with regard to pit emptying/desludging OR decommissioning/reconstruction?

100 100 80 100 0 100 100 83

Cleaning programme for sanitation facilities 48 38 41 45 0 66 65 43Availability of sufficient and appropriately equiped sanitation facilities including hand washing

0 3 4 13 0 0 6 4

Menstrual hygiene 5 13 7 10 0 6 10 7Septic tank emptying practices 0 0 14 15 0 13 5 7Payment for water services 10 38 29 50 25 13 20 26Financing of capital maintenance of sanitation facilities 40 63 32 50 0 47 44 39Distance between latrines and water source (hand dug well / borehole / spring)

89 100 100 100 na 100 95 97

Open defecation free environment 20 63 43 60 0 88 85 51S Social inclusion of latrine facilities 25 25 29 40 0 50 53 32

Maksegnit Abomsa Sheno Welenchiti Kebridehar Adishihu Wukro AverageClarity on roles and responsibilities related to supporting institutional WASH

50 25 75 na 50 75 75 58

Local government capacity to provide support institutional sanitaion

75 75 75 NA 25 75 25 58

Formalisation of pit and septic pit empties 100 100 50 100 0 100 100 79Monitoring of sanitation facility use and maintenance and follow-up support provided by woreda/other support institution from zonal/regional level

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Effective support to institutions related to their WASH facilities 25 25 25 25 75 75 25 39Availability of septic tank empiers 50 50 50 50 0 50 50 43Sufficient financing of woreda staff to monitor and follow-up on institutional WASH service provision

50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50

Sufficient logistics for woreda and town staff to monitor and follow-up on institutional WASH service provision

0 25 25 25 0 25 25 18

Safe disposal and / or reuse of sludge in an environmentally sound manner

0 0 25 0 0 0 50 11

Safe disposal and / or recycling of solid waste in an environmentally sound manner

0 0 0 0 25 25 50 14

National monitoring system or databaseNational support to Regional, Zonal and Woreda/service authority, including capacity building training and technical

T National/regional standard/guideline/norms for design, management and support of institutional WASH

F Availability of national budget related to institutional WASH

E National environmental protection standards are established and applied to institutional WASH

F

E

I

Service provider Indicator

Service authority Indicator

National Indicator

I

T

F

E

I

T

75

25

50

25

25

7 small towns (Source: One WaSH Plus

sustainability check for UNICEF/UKAid

Example: School WASH

Example: Water service sustainabilityService provider Indicator Score

I

Well-composed and trained WASHCo 54

41By laws and legal status of the WASHCo 29

T

Presence of WASH artisans in the woreda 0

14Spare part supply 32Routine (preventive) maintenance 11

F

User payment and tariffs 49

43Financial management 50Revenue/standard annual expenditure balance 31

E WASHCo Water safety plan 32 28 Sanitary Inspection 25

S

Election of WASHCo by entire community 89

64Women representation in WASHCos 39

Service authority Indicator Score

I

Woreda WASH Team 50

56Woreda Water Office 50Woreda level plan 75Regional standard WASHCo by laws 50

T

Checks on construction quality 100

83Monitoring of O&M and WASHCo performance 75Scheme inventory and maintenance plan 75

FWoreda water office annual recurrent budget 0 25Woreda water office logistics 50

Rural water services around Wukro town

National indicator Score

INational monitoring system 25

National support to service authority 25

T Norms for rural water services 25F Availability of national budget 25E National environmental protection standards 25Maksegnit Abomsa Sheno Welenchiti Adishihu Wukro Total

0

25

50

75

100

Institutional Technical Financial Environmental Social

Maksegnit Abomsa Sheno Welenchiti Adishihu Wukro Total0

100

200

300

400

500

Institutional Technical Financial Environmental Social

EXAMPLE PRESENTATION TITLE

Example: Overall sustainability scores per level (YHYH)

Source: Survey by Tetra Tech / Aguaconsult for USAID

Lessons learnt: Main barriers to water service sustainability

Rural water: • Preventive maintenance; • Spare part supply; • Gender balanced WASHCo; • Water Safety Plan;• WWO recurrent budget.

Urban water: • Asset management; • Town water utility staffing; • Catchment management; • No regulatory agency.

Lessons learnt: Main barriers to sanitation service sustainability

CLTSH: • Design/construction of latrines; • Availability of low cost sanitation products and microfinance to increase

ability of users to pay;• Continued monitoring and support of communities.Urban sanitation: • Access to fund for sanitation service providers; • Sufficient logistics for town staff to monitor and follow-up; • Safe disposal of solid and liquid waste.

Lessons learnt: Main barriers to sanitation service sustainability

• Menstrual hygiene facilities; • Septic tank emptying practices; • Sufficient logistics for woreda staff to monitor and follow-up; • Safe disposal of solid and liquid waste.

Way forwardUSAID and the WASH Sustainability Index Tool:• Fund/pilot the further refinement of sustainability assessment tools • Adjust implementation approach • Inform development of WASH portfolio

UNICEF and ONEWASH Plus sustainability check: • Annual sustainability checks• To inform Sustainability Plans in intervention towns• To adjust project interventions

Questions for the way forward:• Development of simplified version, to be applied by (local) government

under OWNP?• Integrate sustainability indicators in the national monitoring framework?

Thank YouInformation available:WASH Sustainability Index Tool (SIT):Report can be found at https://dec.usaid.gov/dec Resources on tool: http://www.washplus.org/rotary-usaid

ONEWASH Plus: http://www.ircwash.org/projects/onewash-plus?tab=info