wash response to urban floods uf2

WASH Response to Urban

Floods

Session 3

Plan and Response to Urban Floods

UF3 1

WASH Cluster – Emergency Training UF

2


Session overview

Session objectives and overview of activities 5 mins

Stakeholders in the response 20 mins

WASH technical solutions in an urban flood setting 60 mins

Questions & feedback 5 mins

Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 2008 20 mins

Good practices in an urban flood setting 20 mins

Group activity – WASH response matrix 45 mins

Questions and feedback 5

Total time 3 hrs

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3


Stakeholders in planning for the WASH

response in an urban floods setting

Identify key

stakeholders in

planning the WASH

response?

Role of each group

in planning for the

response?

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Hygiene Promotion – considerations in

an urban flood setting

4


• Additional items may be included in the non-food item

(NFI) / hygiene kits e.g. impregnated mosquito nets,

oral rehydration salts *

• Additional messages for communication efforts:

Management of diarrhoea, malaria, urinary infection

Operation and maintenance of facilities given high

groundwater levels

Hygienic waste disposal - avoiding drainage systems

and waterways becoming blocked with waste

• Specific targeting of different groups, distinguishing

between those residing in camps and those in dwellings* Approach to managing diarrhoea to be agreed with MoH and Health Cluster

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Water supply – basic repairs to water

treatment works (WTWs)

5


• Inform the WASH Cluster /

sector agencies

• Acquire resources

• Start clearing the mud and

evacuating stagnant water

• Repair the electrical system

• Repair or replace damaged

pumps and valves

• Repair the water treatment

tanks and reservoirs

• Provide chemical reagents

and treatment agents

• Repair the pipes

Source: Branched distribution network (WEDC)

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Water supply – restart of machinery

6


1. Switch on power and verify

electrical functioning

2. Check functioning of each

pump or group of pumps

3. Set in motion the water

treatment process

4. Measure the flow and dosage of

the treatment chemicals

5. Perform the ‘Jar test’

6. Measure the turbidity of water

7. Check residence time in each

treatment stage

8. Check water quality

Turbidity: should not exceed 2 NTU

pH: between 6.8 and 7.2 to alloweffective chlorination.

Microbial contamination: 0 thermotolerant coliforms per100 ml.

Residual aluminium: <0.5mgper litre.

Heavy metals and organicpollutants: Refer to ‘WHOguidelines for Water Quality’,(WHO, 2006).

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Water supply – immediate measures

7


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Exercise – identify excreta disposal

options suitable for immediate response

8


1. Pit latrines

2. Chemical “Portaloo” toilets

3. Pour-flush toilets

4. Storage tank latrines

5. Packet latrines

6. Bucket latrines

7. Floating latrines

8. Rapid kit (type) latrines

9. Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets

10. Repair existing excreta disposal facilities

11. Temporary latrine structures installed directly over the

sewer inspection covers

12. Overhung latrines

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Excreta disposal - immediate measures

9


1. Pit latrines

2. Chemical “Portaloo” toilets

3. Pour-flush toilets

4. Storage tank latrines

5. Packet latrines

6. Bucket latrines

7. Floating latrines

8. Rapid kit (type) latrines

9. Raised urine-diversion (UD) toilets

10. Repair existing excreta disposal facilities

11. Temporary latrine structures installed directly over

the sewer inspection covers

12. Overhung latrines

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Excreta disposal – lesson learned

10


Source: ACF

A floating latrine

in an urban

flooded city of

Borneo:

A coping

mechanism with

poor public health

implications

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Vector control – immediate measures

11


Response options:

• Chemical vector control

• Environmental sanitation measures

• Personnel protection measures

Vector Disease/ConditionMosquitoes Dengue, Malaria, Yellow Fever,

Fever, Filariasis, etc.Rats Leptospirosis, Hanta virus, Bubonic

plague, Typhus, etc.

Flies &Cockroaches

Diarrhoeal diseases

Ticks, Fleas,Lice

Typhus

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Case Study: Gonaïves, Haiti, 2008

12


Source: UNICEF

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Rapid Emergency Needs Assessment 13


Gonaïves floods: First response

• Deployment of heavy

bulldozers (D9-D10) and

trucks to remove mud

and gain access to the

city

• Water trucking to

provide emergency

supply

• US Coast Guard airlifts

water, hygiene kits, food

and shelter

Source: The Boston Globe

14


Gonaïves floods: Examples of

appropriate WASH response

• Installation of 2Km

flexible pipeline

equipped with 15 tap

stands

• Distribution of POU

filtering kits

• Utilisation of urban

population density to

support more efficent

water distribution

schemes

A standpipe installation supplying about 1000 inhabitants

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15


Gonaïves floods: Examples of

appropriate WASH response cont.

• Collaboration with

Government and other

stakeholders to

broadcast hygiene

messages via radio

• Distribution of packet

latrines for those

remaining in their homes

• WASH Cluster used as a

forum for solving WASH

technical problems Source: Waves of Change: Haiti Community Radio

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Good practice – be innovative

16


Source: Dhaka Ahsania Mission

A Chulli Water Purifier, local technology in Bangladesh

Source: ALNAP, 2009

Registering a beneficiary with a handheld device

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Good practice – creative partnerships

17


• Between agencies including NGOs and

government agencies (national and

international)

• With the private sector (national and

international)

• Between donors and implementers

• With local communities and CBOs

• With researchers and academics

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Good practice – use of local materials

18


Prioritise use of local

materials, similar to

those used previously, to

repair and rehabilitate

infrastructure.

With replacements, use

similar locally-available

parts e.g. electrical

devices, pumps, valves,

and pipelines, wherever

possible.

Source: Oxfam

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Good practice – community mobilisation

19


Consider community

mobilisation for post-flood

clean up:

• Blocked urban drainage

systems

• Accumulation of mud and

flood related debris in the

streets

• Flooded homes containing

silt and flood-related

debris

• Disposal of destroyed

household possessions

Source: ACF

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Good practice – disaster risk reduction

20


In areas at risk of

recurrent flood

emergencies, it is

important to

incorporate DRR

activities into the

response

Source: ACF

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Good practice – water source protection

21


Water source

protection e.g.

raising

hand‐pumps may

be more

cost‐effective

than providing

additional

supplies

Source: ACF

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Cross-cutting issues – good practice

22


Specific targeting and

tailoring the response

to different groups

affected by the floods

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Key Learning Points• Importance of coordination and partnership building

with local authorities, water boards and suppliers

• Interventions should focus on getting municipal supplies

operating as quickly as possible

• There are a range of immediate short term WASH

solutions appropriate in an urban flood setting

• The response should be tailored for different groups

affected differently by the flood

• Main problems often ‘software’ rather than ‘hardware’

• Emergency preparedness is an essential consideration in

urban contexts.

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wash response to urban floods uf2

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