WASCON 1991 – 2012 - .......

“Integrated evaluation of the performance of

construction products

with respect to European regulations”

Rein Eikelboom (Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, NL)

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Development in WASCON

Where are we, after 21 years of WASCON?

Where did we start?

What is our future?

Which international policy and

developments in legislation?

(Boundaries? Vision? Horizon?)

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Developments in Waste and recycling

1975/1978 EU Waste directives / National legislation

1980-1990 First systematic R&D on recycling

1991 WASCON 1

1992 Start CEN292 – Characterisation of Waste

Till ± 2000 main focus at environmental compartments (soil, water, ...)

± 2000 National approaches; upcoming recycling market in several EU-countries.

2008 - 2012 Upcoming integral approaches - C2C, Sustainability

- 2050 Agenda’s on sustainability, energy, climate.

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How to make recycling operational?

2. “Without clear boundaries,

no market!”

1. Awareness of a need for recycling

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Some Practicable Examples

Recycling aggregates - Many R&D results

- Recycling market created in many countries

MSWI bottom ash - Complicated waste stream

- Intensive R&D activities, over 30 years.

- Still difficult to reuse

How to make steps further to sustainability?

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Example - Recycling aggregates

Construction

- Road base

- Embankments

- Etc.

C&D waste

C&D Recycling

aggregates

- Concrete aggregate

- Masonry aggregate

- Mix aggregate

- Sieve sand,

Special (concrete)

aggregate

Filler for concrete

products

Concrete waste with

separated

- fines, including

cement

- sand and pebbles Raw material for

concrete, asphalt, etc.

Raw material for

(adding to) cement

production

1st

(‘down cycling’)

- Safe way of recycling

- Meets basic leaching and

technical requirements

2nd

-Recycling on same

‘product level’

Meets basic leaching and

technical requirements, etc.

3rd

- Recycling on high(er)

material/product level

-better resources protection

- less energy consumption

/less CO2 production

- Meets basic leaching and

technical requirements, etc.

Generation Intended use Product

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Example - MSWI bottom ash

MSWI

- Road base

- Embankments

(both often covered.)

- Light cement bound

road base (immobilisation) MSWI Bottom

ash

Improved MSWI

processing

- Minimal treatment

- ‘More’ bottom ash

treatment, e.g. aging

- Road base

(stabilised’)

- Unbound road base

- Embankments

(unbound, often covered)

Removal iron and

non ferro metals

from the waste

(>90%)

Raw material for

concrete, asphalt, etc.

Upgraded mineral

aggregates for concrete

1st

- Meets basic Leaching

requirements etc

1.b.

- Meets stricter leaching

requirements, etc

3rd

Use of non-ferro as

useful resource (ca. 3%

of MSWI-bottom ash)

High level reuse mineral

material in concrete

-Meets strict physical

requirements, etc

Metal recycling

2nd

- Meets stricter leaching

and physical

requirements, etc

Generation Intended use Product

+

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Markets

Environment

Legislation

Policy

Research and Development

Standardisation

Sustainability

All become International !!

International schemes will become the bases for all developments.

National and local further specifications/requirements need to be taken into account

local circumstances: market, environment, resources, types of constructions, etc.

Principle of ’Subsidiarity’

Developments International

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European developments

- Environmental protection directives/policies ((Ground)Water, Radiation, indoor air, etc.)

- Product Directives, including environment: e.g. Biocides, Pesticides, .......

- Construction products: CPD

CPR

- Waste Framework Directive Development End of Waste criteria

- REACH

- CLP directive

- ‘Quality management’ directives and standards

-Energy directive(s)

-Labelling systems on: environmental quality

health

energy

sustainability

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Building life cycle

Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

11

ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS

WATER F.D. (Surface water and Ground water)

Focus: Products

Construction products: Phase of use in a building

Only environmental requirements in use phase

Responsibility for measures:

National and/or local authorities

Tools: Permits (case by case)

National or regional/local general legal requirements

e.g. WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE

(Comparable for other EU or national regulations/policy on environmental compartments,

as soil, indoor air, radiation.)

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Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

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CPD

CPD

Focus: Products (aimed at buildings/constructions)

Phase of use in a building

Only environmental requirements in use phase

Tools: CEN product standards (ca. 550)

Uniform test methods

Uniform way of performance declaration

Uniform minimum production/declaration control requirements

Technical classes

Responsibility: Producer: Declared product performance

Authorities: Specifying (environmental) requirements/classes

CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS DIRECTIVE

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Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

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WASTE FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE

EoW:

Focus: Waste

It becomes a product, demanded for, fulfilling technical/environmental requirements

No adverse, but positive impact on further steps in Building life cycle.

Tools: - National, case by case evaluation.

- National, legal provision for specified waste + specified use

- European regulation, for specified waste + specified use

Authorities: European, National , local, depending on type of tool

WASTE F.D. - END OF WASTE

‘By-products’:

Special position, including rather comparable approaches possible as

mentioned for End of Waste

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Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

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CPR

CPR

Focus: Products (aimed at use in buildings/constructions)

Phase : 1. Performance in phase of use in a building (as developed under CPD)

2. Complete life cycle to be taken into account. Sustainability.

Environmental requirements in use phase, other phases to be taken into account

Tools: CEN product standards (ca. 550)

Uniform test methods

Uniform way of performance declaration

Uniform minimum production/declaration control requirements

Technical classes

Responsibility: Producer: Declared product performance

Authorities: Specifying (environmental) requirements/classes

CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS REGULATION

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Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

19

REACH

REACH

Focus: Substances, Mixtures, Articles(solid products) (Some types/conditions Exempted

e.g. biocides, radiation, waste, impurities,

release, low production amounts, etc.)

Bringing on the market

Registration and investigation by manufacture/importer.

In evaluation, whole life cycle to be taken into account

Tools: Registration and reports by manufacturer to ECHA bureau

Cooperation by producers

Information sheets

REACH-Annex 17; default limit values for specified substances and use

Responsibility: Manufacturer/importer: deliver information

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Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

21

CLP Directive

CLP Directive

Focus: Substances, Mixtures, Articles (solid products)

Uniform information on risks

Adequate packaging

Tools: Lists with standard risk specifications

Standard values and calculations for determination of risks

Information sheets

Responsibility: Manufacturer and importer

Links with: REACH; Systems are mutually complementary.

Waste Directive; Ongoing adjustment Hazardous waste criteria with

CLP criteria Hazardous substances

Classification, labelling and packaging

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Life cycle phases:

Main direct focus

Main indirect focus

To be taken into account

23

SUSTAINABILITY

- Energy

- CO2

- Resources (raw materials, food, energy)

‘Sustainability’ focuses at:

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Resources in the Building Life Cycle

Product

.

Waste

Treatment

Raw material

Production of

construction products

Demolition /

Selective

disposal

Building/

Construction

Service life

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ry

Resources in the Building Life Cycle

Product

i

Waste

Waste treatment /

recovery

Raw material

Production of

construction products

Demolition /

Selective disposal

Building/

Construction

Service life

Waste disposal

New resources

Energy consumption

CO2

(Raw) materials

Resources in the Building Life Cycle

Often all life cycle phases taken into account.

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Approaches in the Building Life Cycle

Some European approaches on energy and on labelling:

Obligatory:

Construction (products) included now:

Energy performance Directive: MS to set minimum standards, and update periodically

Construction (products) may or will be included:

Ecodesign Directive: Environmental Requirements for energy related products

Energy Star Regulation: Energy efficiency requirements on products

Energy efficiency Directive (draft): MS should set general energy reduction goals

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

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Resources in the Building Life Cycle

Some European approaches on energy and on labelling:

Voluntary

Ecolabel regulation : Best products get Ecolabel

Ecolabel for office buildings;: Env. and health aspects, now mainly construction products

Energy performance of Buildings : Step by step to zero energy buildings; construction

(EPDB) products may be included later.

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LCA’s

LCA’s

- Increasingly used in sustainable evaluation.

- Different systems in different countries;

initiatives aiming at harmonisation

1. Adequate product performance declarations

needed as input for

LCA / sustainability on construction or building level

2. LCA / Sustainability approaches to be in included in R&D

What is required from developments on recycling?

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Evaluation environmental performance

and sustainability

Integral approaches on

sustainability,

including LCA’s

Complementary evaluation approaches (1) ‘individual’ parameters on health, environment and sustainability

(2) integral approaches on sustainability

Basic requirements on

‘individual’ parameters

e.g.

- REACH, ann.17: - content of substances

- Waste: - content hazardous substances

- Energy: - minimum Energy performance

- WaterFD, etc, and National regulations, e.g. NL Soil

Quality Decree: - content and release values

e.g.

- Labelling on life cycle

performance

- Energy performance

- Resources approaches

- CPR (BWR7 -sustainability) and

CEN/TC350 (LCA) standards

Voluntary

Semi Voluntary

Obligatory

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ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION /

SUSTAINABILITY

Integral approaches

including LCA’s

Example; Some approaches in the Netherlands (2012)

Basic requirements on

individual parameters

e.g. - Sun and Windpower;

TES-systems, etc.

- National Sustainability agenda 2011

-Green deals (e.g. MSWI-bottom ash, Cement)

Voluntary

or

Semi Voluntary

Obligatory

- LCA (CO2/ resources) for products/new houses/offices;

obliged to make, voluntary to use.

- Energy label for buildings, houses; obliged when buying,

renting and selling a house; voluntary to use.

- REACH - risk of substances, mainly on content.

- SQD (NL) - emission and content of substances

- Energy - limiting use of energy

- Radiation - emission/immission requirements

- Formaldehyde, etc. - immission-emission requirements

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Conclusions

1. 3 Decennia R&D Solid base for recycling

Solid base for sustainability

2. Change Sustainability

additional - integral approaches needed

- CO2 production

- Resources

- Energy consumption

Challenge: in R&D projects on recycling waste /C2C/

take integral requirements and approaches on

sustainability direct on board.

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WASCON and all participants:

I wish you all an interesting sustainable future

as pioneers

in the new phase ahead

☺☺ for a sustainable society!

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