wartsila fp
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WÄRTSILÄ FIXED PITCHPROPELLER SOLUTIONS
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PROPULSIONSOLUTIONS WITHFIXED PITCHPROPELLERSEach ship’s hull has its own characteristics.
For the vessel to achieve the highest possible
overall eciency, the propeller must beperectly matched with the engine and hull.
The Wärtsilä xed pitch propeller is the
choice when optimum eciency, reliability
and robustness are required.
Wärtsilä is able to solve all your
needs with regard to xed pitch propeller
installations:
Total system solutions supplied•
Easy assembly and maintenance•
Durable construction•
Optimum eciency through tailor-made•
design
Worldwide service and maintenance.•
All WÄRTSILÄ® propellers are custom designed
and made or each specic application.
The propellers vary in diameter rom 1 to
12 metres, and can weigh rom hundreds o
kilos to 140 tonnes.
Given the complex geometry o modern
propellers, the casting process is monitored
rom start to nish to ensure the highest
quality.Wärtsilä has produced some 9000 FP
propellers to date, or ocean-going vessels,
such as containerships, tankers, bulk carriers,
and dry cargo vessels.
The tailor-made design and use o the
latest available technology that are eatures
o Wärtsilä FP propellers or all ship types,
guarantee maximum eciency with minimum
noise and vibration levels. They are also easy
to repair.
Wärtsilä’s patented Cunial® material
provides excellent cast ing, machining, and
atigue strength properties.Wärtsilä FP propellers can be produced
with any required blade number and size,
rom 3.5 m upwards. For the smaller sizes,
as mostly used in ships or coastal and inland
WÄRTSILÄ FIXED PITCH PROPELLERS
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The mechanical properties o Cunial:
Mass density 7650 kg/m3
E-modulus (at 20° C) 121000 N/mm2
Poisson’s ratio 0.33
Yield stress min. 250 N/mm 2 *
Tensile strength min. 650 N/mm2
Elongation (longitudinal) min. 18%
Coecient o thermal expansion(rom 20 to 100°C)
16 ·10-6 K-1
*At request the yield stress o the material can be increased up to 270 N/mm2
waterways, our Wärtsilä Coastal and Inland
Propulsion Systems (CIPS) product group is
available to serve this market, which also
includes luxury motor yachts.
THE PRODUCTIONPROCESS
O the more than 25 dierent bronze alloysdeveloped by Wärtsilä or marine propellers,
Cunial bronze is the most used and thereore
the best-known material. Cunial bronze, which
stands or an alloy composed o copper, nickel
and aluminium, has unparalleled durability
and reliability. The high quality o this alloy is
the result o years o research. Monitoring is
carried out throughout the melting process to
check that the various elements are present in
the correct composition.
Having complete control over the production
process provides us with valuable inormation,
such as the atigue strength in seawater. Thisinormation in turn allows our hydrodynamic
design team to design the propellers according
to eciency limits, thus minimizing propeller
weight.
Casting the orm o a marine propeller is an
extremely complex procedure. To predict
the casting process, we use solidication
simulation sotware or dicult propeller
geometries. Accurate control o the process
allows us to use a minimum casting allowance.
Today, Wärtsilä FP propellers are
increasingly being worked mechanically
with the aid o grinding robots. However, theexpertise and eye or detail o the nisher is
still critical to give the propeller that essential
nishing touch.
The production process o fxed pitch propellers.
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DESIGN PHILOSOPHYThe main targets when designing an FP
propeller are:
Eciency (related to speed)•
Cavitation behaviour (related to noise)•
Pressure pulses on the hull (related to•
vibrations)
Meeting the strength requirements.•
Wärtsilä FP propellers meet these demands,
and provide a wide variation in speed and
power densities or any type o ship. Our
design experience covers a range o vessel
applications, including high-powered ast
containerships, tankers, bulk carriers and
cruise liners.We have extensive hydrodynamic
knowledge and have developed design
tools based upon years o experience with
calculations, model test results, and ull-
scale measurements. Our research and
development eorts are dedicated towards
continuous improvement in the hydrodynamic
design o our propellers. To achieve this goal,
we co-operate with research institutes and
universities in joint research projects. Our aimis to improve our knowledge and ull scale
experience, and to improve our design and
analysis methods, including Computational
Fluid Dynamics (CFD).
PRODUCT PORTFOLIOWärtsilä is able to supply xed pitch propellers
with a maximum nished weight o over
140 tonnes. We also supply a wide array opropulsion equipment, such as shatlines,
shatline accessories, and rudders.
We produce our monobloc xed pitch
propellers as standard with a keyless bore.
This allows the propeller to be hydraulically
press-tted onto the propeller shat, a method
that oers two advantages. First, it avoids
the stress concentrations that develop when
installing the propeller with keys and keyways.
Furthermore, hydraulic mounting anddismounting is a relatively simple installation
procedure. Keyed propellers can also be
supplied on request.
FIXED PITCH PROPELLER (MONOBLOC)
Wärtsilä can supply xed pitch propellers with
any number o blades. The most common are
4-, 5- and 6-bladed propellers, but we have
also supplied propellers with up to 9 blades.The maximum propeller diameter supplied
so ar has been 11.64 m, and the heaviest
propeller has a nished weight o over
100 tonnes.
BUILT-UP PROPELLERS
Our standard built-up propellers are
mounted to the fange o the tail shat
and the blades are de-mountable, even
underwater. The hub is designed orstrength and robustness with the minimum
number o parts. The blades on the hub are
slightly adjustable.
FP propeller FEM mesh.
Built-up propeller hub.
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The main reasons or applying Wärtsilä built-
up propellers are:
Regular occurrence o blade damage by•
collision with ice or other objects
Easy transport in case o damage•
The possibility to slightly adjust the pitch•
according to sailing conditions, or ouling
o the hull.
We supply built-up propellers with a
minimum o 3 and a maximum o 6 blades,
or hub diameters ranging rom 600 mm to
2945 mm.
SHAFTLINE
Each ship’s shatline has its own design andrequirements. The propeller shat installation
has a proven basic design, which enables
easy installation in the ship:
Hydraulic toolsets•
Hydraulic nut•
Hydraulic ring•
Propeller and intermediate shats•
Hydraulic coupling fange•
Hydraulic sleeve coupling.•
SHAFTLINE ACCESSORIES
Sterntubes with or without bearings•
Seals and bearings•
Thrust bearings•
Torque measurement device•
Turning device•
Shat grounding device•
Shat locking device•
Shat brake.•
NOZZLES
The advantage o using a nozzle is in the
additional amount o thrust it develops. Various
types o nozzles, such as the 19A, 37 and
the LIPS HR high-eciency nozzle, can besupplied.
CONSULTANCY
On request we also assist in questions
regarding propeller and shatline design. In
the case o damaged propellers, or instance,
we are oten contacted or a second opinion
regarding propeller perormance, propeller
strength and material quality.
Our laboratory and metallurgical teamsare perectly equipped to answer all questions
related to material quality, ailure cause, and
repair possibilities.
FP propeller in hold o vessel during transport.
Full scale cavitation observation.
Bearing.
Seal.
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Over the years, shipowners and yards have
oten approached us or modernization and
replacement solutions or xed pitch propellers.
The main reasons or replacement are:The propeller has too much damage and•
cannot be repaired
Upgrading o the propeller design to•
modern standards
Improved eciency•
Lower propeller induced pressure pulses•
Change in mission prole•
Poor initial design.•
IMPROVING PROPELLER DESIGNWärtsilä has, in close co-operation with model
test institutes and universities, conducted
considerable research into improving propeller
design. As a result, the new techniques we
have developed enable us to design propellers
with higher eciency without increasing the
onboard levels o vibration and noise. This
results immediately in lower uel consumption.In general, the ollowing our options are
available or increasing eciency through
a new propeller design, assuming that the
geometry o the new propeller lies within the
geometry o the old propeller:
Reduce the blade area•
Change the blade contour•
Modiy the radial pitch distribution•
Apply the Wärtsilä tip-rake concept.•
REDUCING THE BLADE AREA
Reduction o the blade area may be possible
in cases where the calculated power density
o the propeller is relatively low compared to
Wärtsilä standards. Reducing the blade area
o an FP propeller, and optimizing the power
density to an acceptable Wärtsilä value, can
increase eciency by more than 3%.
CHANGING THE BLADE CONTOUR
When it is not possible or desirable to reduce
the blade area, changing the blade contour
is an alternative means o increasing the
eciency o the FP propeller. Recent projects
show that eciency improvements o 3-4%
can be achieved.
MODIFYING THE RADIAL PITCHDISTRIBUTION
In past designs, it was usual to apply some
kind o constant radial pitch distribution with
a constant load at all radii. However, this
REPLACEMENT OF FIXED PITCH PROPELLERS
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distribution can lead to intensive tip and hub
vortex cavitation, which may damage the
rudder and generate high-pressure pulses.
For this reason, modern FP propeller designavours a variable pitch distribution with better
cavitation behaviour and low pressure pulses.
However, i the pressure pulses are kept at the
same level as with the old design, reduction o
the blade area is possible and eciency will
increase.
APPLYING THE TIP-RAKE CONCEPT
The tip-rake concept can be applied to achieve
better eciency, resulting in uel savingsand/or higher ship speed. Relative eciency
improvements o 2-4 % compared to normal
propellers have thus ar been measured.
Tip-rake also leads to lower pressure pulse
levels and a quieter propeller, and thereore
more comort or the crew. When considering
replacement or modernization o the existing
propeller, it is worth investigat ing to whatextent a new, state-o-the-art propeller design
could reduce uel consumption and/or pressure
pulses.
WORLDWIDE SERVICE AND MAINTENANCEWe oer a worldwide service network thatensures reliable and ecient support,
and the quickest possible solution to
any propulsion problem, during the ull
operational lietime o the vessel.
Our service activities include:
Retrots and upgrades•
Metallurgical repairs•
Modications to heavy running propellers•
Underwater services and survey•
Original LIPS spare parts•
Personnel training programmes•
Helpdesk •
Worldwide eld service•
In-house overhaul/repair.•
Blade contour.
Radial pitch distribution.
The tip-rake concept.
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WÄRTSILÄ® is a registered trademark. Copyright © 2007 Wärtsilä Corporation.
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0 0 7 / B o c k ´ s O f c e / L i t o s e t
Wärtsilä enhances the business of its customers by providing them
with complete lifecycle power solutions. When creating better and
environmentally compatible technologies, Wärtsilä focuses on the
marine and energy markets with products and solutions as well as
services. Through innovative products and services, Wärtsilä sets out
to be the most valued business partner of all its customers. This is
achieved by the dedication of more than 15,000 professionals manning
150 Wärtsilä locations in 70 countries around the world. Wärtsilä is
listed on The Nordic Exchange in Helsinki, Finland.