Warm-upsWarm-ups

Answer the question:Answer the question: What is government?What is government? Why do we have it?Why do we have it? What are its goals?What are its goals? Do we need it?Do we need it?

James Madison: James Madison: President #4, Drafter of The President #4, Drafter of The Constitution, The Bill of Rights, Etc.Constitution, The Bill of Rights, Etc.

““What is government but the greatest of all What is government but the greatest of all reflections on human nature?reflections on human nature?

If men were angels no government If men were angels no government would be necessary.”would be necessary.” The Federalist Papers #51, 1788The Federalist Papers #51, 1788

Warm up: Sept. 4, 2008Warm up: Sept. 4, 2008

Useless laws weaken the necessary laws.Useless laws weaken the necessary laws. government should be set up so that no government should be set up so that no

man need be afraid of another. man need be afraid of another. Montesquieu (1689-1755)Montesquieu (1689-1755) Montesquieu was the most widely quoted Montesquieu was the most widely quoted

author of the writers of the Constitution.author of the writers of the Constitution. What do these short quotes mean?What do these short quotes mean? What do they say about the types of laws What do they say about the types of laws

that the Founders set out to create?that the Founders set out to create?

Warm-up: 9/5/2008Warm-up: 9/5/2008

““A well regulated Militia, being necessary A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, to the security of a free State, the right of the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringednot be infringed.” .”

22ndnd Amendment to the Constitution Amendment to the Constitution

If one of the goals of government is to If one of the goals of government is to make people not be afraid of each other, make people not be afraid of each other, why would the government want to why would the government want to protect people’s right to carry protect people’s right to carry weapons?weapons?

““They can have my gun when they They can have my gun when they pry it from my cold, dead fingers.”pry it from my cold, dead fingers.”

-Charlton Heston-Charlton Heston

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LyingLying First AmendmentFirst Amendment CandidateCandidate Freedom of speechFreedom of speech Political campaignPolitical campaign GovernorGovernor False claimsFalse claims

Warm up: 9/8/2008Warm up: 9/8/2008 Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or

prohibiting the free exercise thereof; prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of or abridging the freedom of speechspeech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, , or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

The First Amendment of the ConstitutionThe First Amendment of the Constitution

Is freedom of speech important? Why?Is freedom of speech important? Why? Should people be able to say whatever they Should people be able to say whatever they

want, whenever they want, where ever they want, whenever they want, where ever they want?want?

Warm-up: 9/9/2008Warm-up: 9/9/2008 Congress shall Congress shall make no law respecting an make no law respecting an

establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereofexercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or ; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. of grievances. The First Amendment of the ConstitutionThe First Amendment of the Constitution

Does Religion affect government? Does Religion affect government? Should it?Should it?

What do you want to know about a What do you want to know about a candidate’s religious beliefs? Why?candidate’s religious beliefs? Why?

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Do not write this down! Think about it.Do not write this down! Think about it. What would you do if you were the most What would you do if you were the most

powerful person in the world?powerful person in the world? You wake up in the morning and you You wake up in the morning and you

discover that you have all the power in the discover that you have all the power in the world. What is the first thing you do?world. What is the first thing you do?

Warm-upsWarm-ups

““Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts Power corrupts, absolute power corrupts absolutely”absolutely” Lord Acton, British PhilosopherLord Acton, British Philosopher

Is this true?Is this true? If this is true, what does it say about how If this is true, what does it say about how

we should structure our government?we should structure our government? How should we distribute power?How should we distribute power?

Warm-up: Sept. 11, 2008Warm-up: Sept. 11, 2008

It is seven years since the attacks on It is seven years since the attacks on 9/11/2001. 9/11/2001.

How has the United States responded to How has the United States responded to the attacks? the attacks?

Have we done a good job? Are we safer?Have we done a good job? Are we safer?

Guantanamo BayGuantanamo Bay

Do those accused of terrorism deserve, or Do those accused of terrorism deserve, or qualify for, Habeas Corpus protection?qualify for, Habeas Corpus protection? ““Enemy Combatants,” Enemy Combatants,” ““Extraordinary Rendition”Extraordinary Rendition”

Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus

““Show me the body”Show me the body” The government has to justify the The government has to justify the

imprisonment of a prisoner.imprisonment of a prisoner. ““The privilege of the writ of The privilege of the writ of habeas habeas

corpuscorpus shall not be suspended, unless shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the when in cases of rebellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.” public safety may require it.” Article I, section 9, clause 2Article I, section 9, clause 2

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Should the rights given in the Constitution Should the rights given in the Constitution be Universal? be Universal?

Warm up: 9/12/2008Warm up: 9/12/2008

What are What are threethree policies or issues on which policies or issues on which you would like the next president of the you would like the next president of the United States to agree with you?United States to agree with you?

In Groups, In classIn Groups, In class Study your assigned system of Government. Study your assigned system of Government.

(page 38-40)(page 38-40) Create a poster and presentation with the Create a poster and presentation with the

following:following:• The name of your system of GovernmentThe name of your system of Government• A description of your system of GovernmentA description of your system of Government• A slogan for your system of governmentA slogan for your system of government• An illustrationAn illustration

You will be graded as a group and on your You will be graded as a group and on your participation:participation: Total: __/20Total: __/20

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Government, even in its best state, is but a Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state, an necessary evil; in its worst state, an intolerable one. intolerable one.

Thomas PaineThomas Paine What does T. Paine think about What does T. Paine think about

government? government? What kind of government would he like to What kind of government would he like to

see?see?

T. PaineT. Paine

The Government that governs least, governs best!

Yeah!

Common Sense: Common Sense: 17761776

120,000 books sold (out of two million 120,000 books sold (out of two million residents) best selling book of the residents) best selling book of the century in the Western Hemisphere.century in the Western Hemisphere.

King George III: a “Royal Brute.”King George III: a “Royal Brute.” “…“…in America in America the law is kingthe law is king”” ““there is something very absurd in there is something very absurd in

supposing a continent to be supposing a continent to be perpetually governed by an island.” perpetually governed by an island.”

John Adams: this book is a John Adams: this book is a “Crapulous Mass.”“Crapulous Mass.”

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““The great and chief end of men uniting The great and chief end of men uniting into commonwealths, and putting into commonwealths, and putting themselves under government, is the themselves under government, is the preservation of property.”preservation of property.” John Locke, Enlightenment ThinkerJohn Locke, Enlightenment Thinker

• 1632-17041632-1704

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People join governments only “for the mutual People join governments only “for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties, and estates, preservation of their lives, liberties, and estates, which I call by the general name-property.”which I call by the general name-property.” John Locke, Enlightenment thinkerJohn Locke, Enlightenment thinker

• 1632-17041632-1704

What does this mean? Put it in your own words.What does this mean? Put it in your own words. If this is true, what implications does it have for If this is true, what implications does it have for

government? Who has the power to change government? Who has the power to change government?government?

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How do you think the first government How do you think the first government began? What makes you think that?began? What makes you think that?

What are the four theories of the origins of What are the four theories of the origins of government?government?

Warm up: 9/18/2008Warm up: 9/18/2008

Name 3 principles by which you lead your life, or Name 3 principles by which you lead your life, or would like to lead your life.would like to lead your life. How do these affect your life?How do these affect your life? Where do you get them?Where do you get them?

the the ethicsethics of someone may be seen as a set of of someone may be seen as a set of principles that the individual obeys in the form of principles that the individual obeys in the form of rules, as guidance or law. rules, as guidance or law.

• Treat every child as a unique genius.Treat every child as a unique genius.• Teach people as you would like to be taught.Teach people as you would like to be taught.• Teach like there is no tomorrow.Teach like there is no tomorrow.

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Why do people use violence?Why do people use violence? What would it take for you to use violence What would it take for you to use violence

against your government?against your government? Name three actions your government would Name three actions your government would

have to take.have to take.

John LockeJohn Locke

Natural Rights: given by God, not by Natural Rights: given by God, not by Government.Government. LifeLife LibertyLiberty PropertyProperty

Warm up: 9/24/2008Warm up: 9/24/2008

““Greed, for lack of a better word, is good.”Greed, for lack of a better word, is good.” Gordon Gecko (played by Michael Douglas) Gordon Gecko (played by Michael Douglas)

based on Ivan Boeskybased on Ivan Boesky

What is greed?What is greed? Is it good? Why?Is it good? Why? Is it greed that has made America powerful?Is it greed that has made America powerful?

America: Path to IndependenceAmerica: Path to Independence

First English Colonies on the New World:First English Colonies on the New World: Jamestown, 1607Jamestown, 1607

• Tobacco, Sugar, Rice, eventually CottonTobacco, Sugar, Rice, eventually Cotton New England, 1621New England, 1621

• Fish, Tar, Gold, Timber, FursFish, Tar, Gold, Timber, Furs

The Settlers went seeking Economic, The Settlers went seeking Economic, Religious, and Legal freedoms.Religious, and Legal freedoms.• The Reasons for independence would be The Reasons for independence would be

EconomicEconomic and and Ideological.Ideological.

Taxation without RepresentationTaxation without Representation

The Seven Years War, AKA the French and The Seven Years War, AKA the French and Indian War (1756-1763)Indian War (1756-1763) The Sugar Act, 1764The Sugar Act, 1764 The Quartering Act, 1765The Quartering Act, 1765 The Stamp Act, 1765The Stamp Act, 1765

The Boston Tea Party (1773)The Boston Tea Party (1773) The “Intolerable” Coercive Acts, 1774The “Intolerable” Coercive Acts, 1774

• The Boston Port ActThe Boston Port Act• The Administration of Justice ActThe Administration of Justice Act• The Quartering ActThe Quartering Act• The Quebec ActThe Quebec Act

The Revolutionary WarThe Revolutionary War1776-17831776-1783

General George Washington led a successful Guerilla war against a stronger, but less determined adversary.

The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation

1781-17871781-1787 No Balance between large and small No Balance between large and small

states.states. No Supremacy Clause, central No Supremacy Clause, central

government could not force the states to government could not force the states to obey it.obey it.

No power to raise taxes.No power to raise taxes. No money=no armyNo money=no army No army=little powerNo army=little power

Shays’ RebellionShays’ Rebellion1786-17871786-1787

"I have been greatly abused, have been obliged "I have been greatly abused, have been obliged to do more than my part in the war; been loaded to do more than my part in the war; been loaded with class rates, town rates, province rates, with class rates, town rates, province rates, Continental rates and all rates...been pulled and Continental rates and all rates...been pulled and hauled by sheriffs, constables and collectors, hauled by sheriffs, constables and collectors, and had my cattle sold for less than they were and had my cattle sold for less than they were worth...worth...The great men are going to get all we The great men are going to get all we have and I think it is time for us to rise and have and I think it is time for us to rise and put a stop to it, and have no more courts, nor put a stop to it, and have no more courts, nor sheriffs, nor collectors nor lawyerssheriffs, nor collectors nor lawyers."."

George WashingtonGeorge Washington

““There are combustibles in every state There are combustibles in every state which a spark might set fire to…If which a spark might set fire to…If government cannot check these disorders, government cannot check these disorders, what security has a man for Life, what security has a man for Life, Liberty, and Property?”Liberty, and Property?” 17871787

In Groups of 2-3In Groups of 2-3

In your opinion, was the Articles of In your opinion, was the Articles of Confederation adequate to govern the Confederation adequate to govern the United States?United States? Three (3) reasons (facts, arguments) to Three (3) reasons (facts, arguments) to

support your thesis.support your thesis. Three (3) specific changes that should be Three (3) specific changes that should be

made to the Articles to help secure Life, made to the Articles to help secure Life, Liberty, and Property.Liberty, and Property.• Answer in complete sentences.Answer in complete sentences.• One paper per groupOne paper per group

Constitutional Convention, 1787Constitutional Convention, 1787Compromises all aroundCompromises all around

Virginia PlanVirginia Plan New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan The Great CompromiseThe Great Compromise The 3/5The 3/5thth Compromise Compromise The Sectional CompromiseThe Sectional Compromise

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When the Colonists rebelled against When the Colonists rebelled against Britain, they faced a stronger, richer, better Britain, they faced a stronger, richer, better organized military force. They lost most of organized military force. They lost most of the battles that they engaged in. the battles that they engaged in.

Why do you think they ended up winning Why do you think they ended up winning the War for Independence?the War for Independence?

Warm Up: 9/25/2008Warm Up: 9/25/2008

A little rebellion now and then is a good A little rebellion now and then is a good thing.thing.

The tree of liberty must be refreshed from The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. tyrants. Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

What do these quotes mean?What do these quotes mean?

The First Political PartiesThe First Political Parties

Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay, Federalists: Hamilton, Madison, Jay, AdamsAdams Wanted a stronger Federal (central) Wanted a stronger Federal (central)

government to protect Life, Liberty, and government to protect Life, Liberty, and (especially) Property.(especially) Property.

Loved the new ConstitutionLoved the new Constitution Anti-Federalists: Jefferson, Patrick HenryAnti-Federalists: Jefferson, Patrick Henry

Wanted to keep the Federal Government Wanted to keep the Federal Government weak.weak.

Anti-FederalistsAnti-Federalists

The Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the The Anti-Federalists did not want to ratify the Constitution. Basically, they argue that: Constitution. Basically, they argue that: It gave too much power to the national government at It gave too much power to the national government at

the expense of the state governments. the expense of the state governments. There was no bill of rights. There was no bill of rights. The national government could maintain an army in The national government could maintain an army in

peacetime. peacetime. Congress, because of the `necessary and proper Congress, because of the `necessary and proper

clause,' wielded too much power. clause,' wielded too much power. The executive branch held too much power. The executive branch held too much power.

The FederalistsThe Federalists The Federalists, on the other hand, had answers The Federalists, on the other hand, had answers

to all of the Anti-Federalist complaints. Among to all of the Anti-Federalist complaints. Among them: them: The separation of powers into three independent The separation of powers into three independent

branches protected the rights of the people. Each branches protected the rights of the people. Each branch represents a different aspect of the people, branch represents a different aspect of the people, and because all three branches are equal, no one and because all three branches are equal, no one group can assume control over another. group can assume control over another.

A listing of rights can be a dangerous thing. If the A listing of rights can be a dangerous thing. If the national government were to protect specific listed national government were to protect specific listed rights, what would stop it from violating rights other rights, what would stop it from violating rights other than the listed ones? Since we can't list all the rights, than the listed ones? Since we can't list all the rights, the Federalists argued that it's better to list none at the Federalists argued that it's better to list none at all.all.

Ratification: 1789Ratification: 1789

The Federalists had promised a Bill of The Federalists had promised a Bill of Rights.Rights.

It was delivered and the first 10 It was delivered and the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution were Amendments to the Constitution were passed in 1791.passed in 1791.

Rank the AmendmentsRank the Amendments

Put the Bill of Rights into your own words, Put the Bill of Rights into your own words, listing out the specific rights in each listing out the specific rights in each Amendment.Amendment.

Rank them according to their importance.Rank them according to their importance. Explain why you chose your top two and Explain why you chose your top two and

bottom two Amendments.bottom two Amendments.

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Which of the Which of the RightsRights included in the Bill of included in the Bill of Rights do you think are the most Rights do you think are the most important? Why?important? Why?

How do people use these rights?How do people use these rights?

The BailoutThe Bailout

McCain on GreedMcCain on Greed

McCain, campaigning in Florida, McCain, campaigning in Florida, promised reforms, too, to expose and promised reforms, too, to expose and end the "reckless conduct, corruption end the "reckless conduct, corruption and unbridled and unbridled greedgreed" that he said had " that he said had caused the financial crisis on Wall caused the financial crisis on Wall Street."Street."

Warm up:Warm up:

"What kind of society isn't structured on "What kind of society isn't structured on greed? The problem of social organization greed? The problem of social organization is how to set up an arrangement under is how to set up an arrangement under which greed will do the least harm; which greed will do the least harm; capitalism is that kind of a system."capitalism is that kind of a system."-- Milton Friedman -- Milton Friedman

How does the United States try to make sure How does the United States try to make sure that greed does as little harm as possible?that greed does as little harm as possible?

Warm upWarm up

A democracy is nothing more than mob A democracy is nothing more than mob rule, where fifty-one percent of the people rule, where fifty-one percent of the people may take away the rights of the other forty-may take away the rights of the other forty-nine. nine. Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson

What are some problems with democracy?What are some problems with democracy? What are some solutions to those What are some solutions to those

problems?problems?

Warm up: 9/30/2008Warm up: 9/30/2008

How has the United States tried to make How has the United States tried to make sure that your rights are respected?sure that your rights are respected? List the waysList the ways

The Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court

Pick two casesPick two cases For each case:For each case:

Summarize the case: who, what, where, whySummarize the case: who, what, where, why Three arguments for each side (1 sentence each)Three arguments for each side (1 sentence each) Cite the Constitution (including Amendments) at least Cite the Constitution (including Amendments) at least

twice for each case, in your arguments.twice for each case, in your arguments. Vote. Record the vote.Vote. Record the vote. Write a majority opinion. Why did you choose the Write a majority opinion. Why did you choose the

verdict that you did? (3-4 sentences)verdict that you did? (3-4 sentences)

Warm up: 10/1/2008Warm up: 10/1/2008

Why do Supreme Court cases matter?Why do Supreme Court cases matter?

PrecedentPrecedent

A legal rule established by a judicial A legal rule established by a judicial decision that guides subsequent judicial decision that guides subsequent judicial decisions. decisions.

Judges will follow the legal principles Judges will follow the legal principles established by prior cases.established by prior cases.

Dred Scott V SandfordDred Scott V Sandford, 1857, 1857

Scott, owned by a surgeon had lived for two Scott, owned by a surgeon had lived for two years in the free territories of Illinois and years in the free territories of Illinois and Wisconsin.Wisconsin.

Sued in Missouri Circuit court for his freedom. Sued in Missouri Circuit court for his freedom. The Circuit Court declared him free. The Circuit Court declared him free.

His owner took the case to the State Supreme His owner took the case to the State Supreme Court, which ruled that he was not free.Court, which ruled that he was not free.

The Case went to the Supreme Court of the The Case went to the Supreme Court of the United StatesUnited States

The RulingThe Ruling

The Court ruled: 6-3The Court ruled: 6-3 Dred Scott did not have the right to sue for Dred Scott did not have the right to sue for

his freedom:his freedom: African Americans were "beings of an inferior African Americans were "beings of an inferior

order, and altogether unfit to associate with the order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations, and white race, either in social or political relations, and so far inferior that they had no rights which the so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect." white man was bound to respect."

• Majority Opinion written by Chief Justice Roger B. Majority Opinion written by Chief Justice Roger B. TaneyTaney

The RulingThe Ruling

““the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever profit could merchandise and traffic, whenever profit could be made by it." be made by it."

African-Americans were Private Property, and African-Americans were Private Property, and the Fourth and Fifth Amendments prohibit taking the Fourth and Fifth Amendments prohibit taking private property from citizens without just cause private property from citizens without just cause and due process.and due process.

The ReactionThe Reaction

Frederick Douglass: "my hopes were Frederick Douglass: "my hopes were never brighter than now!“never brighter than now!“

What?! What?!

Change the Constitution!Change the Constitution! 2/3 of both houses of Congress2/3 of both houses of Congress 3/4 of state legislators3/4 of state legislators

The 13The 13thth Amendment, 1865 Amendment, 1865

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. jurisdiction.

Section 2. Congress shall have power to Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate enforce this article by appropriate legislation. legislation.

The 14The 14thth Amendment, 1868 Amendment, 1868

Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. the equal protection of the laws.

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WHAT IS SUFFRAGE?WHAT IS SUFFRAGE? Why is it so important?Why is it so important?

The Black CodesThe Black Codes

The 13The 13thth Amendment had made slavery Amendment had made slavery illegal, and involuntary servitude illegal, illegal, and involuntary servitude illegal, unless you had committed a crime. unless you had committed a crime. So many Southern states made it a crime to So many Southern states made it a crime to

be black.be black.

The South Carolina Black CodeThe South Carolina Black Code "Negroes must make annual contracts for their labor in writing; if they "Negroes must make annual contracts for their labor in writing; if they

should run away from their tasks, they forfeited their wages for the year. should run away from their tasks, they forfeited their wages for the year. Whenever it was required of them they must present licenses (in a town Whenever it was required of them they must present licenses (in a town from the mayor; elsewhere from a member of the board of police of the from the mayor; elsewhere from a member of the board of police of the beat) citing their places of residence and authorizing them to work. beat) citing their places of residence and authorizing them to work. Fugitives from labor were to be arrested and carried back to their Fugitives from labor were to be arrested and carried back to their employers. Five dollars a head and mileage would be allowed such employers. Five dollars a head and mileage would be allowed such negro catchers. It was made a misdemeanor, punishable with fine or negro catchers. It was made a misdemeanor, punishable with fine or imprisonment, to persuade a freedman to leave his employer, or to feed imprisonment, to persuade a freedman to leave his employer, or to feed the runaway. Minors were to be apprenticed, if males until they were the runaway. Minors were to be apprenticed, if males until they were twenty-one, if females until eighteen years of age. Such corporal twenty-one, if females until eighteen years of age. Such corporal punishment as a father would administer to a child might be inflicted punishment as a father would administer to a child might be inflicted upon apprentices by their masters. Vagrants were to be fined heavily, upon apprentices by their masters. Vagrants were to be fined heavily, and if they could not pay the sum, they were to be hired out to service and if they could not pay the sum, they were to be hired out to service until the claim was satisfied. Negroes might not carry knives or firearms until the claim was satisfied. Negroes might not carry knives or firearms unless they were licensed so to do. It was an offence, to be punished by unless they were licensed so to do. It was an offence, to be punished by a fine of $50 and imprisonment for thirty days, to give or sell intoxicating a fine of $50 and imprisonment for thirty days, to give or sell intoxicating liquors to a negro. When negroes could not pay the fines and costs after liquors to a negro. When negroes could not pay the fines and costs after legal proceedings, they were to be hired at public outcry by the sheriff to legal proceedings, they were to be hired at public outcry by the sheriff to the lowest bidder...." the lowest bidder...."

Amendments fix problemsAmendments fix problems

Outcry over the Black Codes led to the Outcry over the Black Codes led to the 1414thth and 15 and 15thth Amendments. Amendments.

The 15The 15thth Amendment, 1870 Amendment, 1870

Section 1. The right of citizens of the Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. legislation.

Who is left out?Who is left out?

The Women.The Women.

Seneca Falls ConventionSeneca Falls Convention 18481848

The Seneca Falls DeclarationThe Seneca Falls Declaration

We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. Whenever any form of government becomes governed. Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who destructive of these ends, it is the right of those who suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon suffer from it to refuse allegiance to it, and to insist upon the institution of a new government, laying its foundation the institution of a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. safety and happiness.

WyomingWyoming

First state to give women the right to voteFirst state to give women the right to vote 18691869

The 19The 19thth Amendment, 1920 Amendment, 1920

The right of citizens of the United The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.State on account of sex.

The AmendmentsThe Amendments

Summarize each of the Amendments, Summarize each of the Amendments, Amendment 11-27Amendment 11-27 Explain the problem that they were written to Explain the problem that they were written to

fix and how it would fix that problem. (2 fix and how it would fix that problem. (2 sentences)sentences)

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What problem did the 18What problem did the 18thth Amendment try Amendment try to solve?to solve?

What problems did it create?What problems did it create?

Warm up: 10/6/2008Warm up: 10/6/2008

For people to be free, government should be For people to be free, government should be designed in this way:designed in this way:

““Ambition must be made to counteract Ambition must be made to counteract ambition.” ambition.”

James Madison, James Madison, Federalist #51, Federalist #51, 17881788

What do we call this system of government?What do we call this system of government? How is this system supposed to work?How is this system supposed to work?

Checks and Balances PosterChecks and Balances Poster

Design an original poster which shows the Design an original poster which shows the following:following: Each branch of governmentEach branch of government The powers that each branch hasThe powers that each branch has The powers that each branch exercises over The powers that each branch exercises over

the other branches.the other branches.