WARM UP…EXTRA WARM UP…EXTRA CREDIT!!!CREDIT!!!

► Turn to page 994Turn to page 994

► Read: Read: Mikhail Gorbachev: PerestroikaMikhail Gorbachev: Perestroika

► Complete the Analyzing Primary Resources Complete the Analyzing Primary Resources questionsquestions

► SPACE IS PROVIDED AT BOTTOM OF SPACE IS PROVIDED AT BOTTOM OF TODAY’S WORKTODAY’S WORK

The Rise and Fall of the The Rise and Fall of the USSR and the New USSR and the New

Eastern EuropeEastern EuropeC33 sections 4&5C33 sections 4&5

JOIN ME ON PAGE 843JOIN ME ON PAGE 843

EQs: What happened to the Soviets as a result of the Cold War? Why EQs: What happened to the Soviets as a result of the Cold War? Why did the USSR collapse? How did Eastern Europe re-emerge in the late did the USSR collapse? How did Eastern Europe re-emerge in the late

2020thth century? century?

The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – 1990s1990s

► When Stalin died in 1953, a brief When Stalin died in 1953, a brief power struggle led to the rise of power struggle led to the rise of Nikita KrushchevNikita Krushchev (2 across)…his (2 across)…his first declaration to the West was first declaration to the West was “we will bury you” which meant “we will bury you” which meant that the USSR would go to the that the USSR would go to the front of all areas of technology, front of all areas of technology, science and industry…also science and industry…also promoted de-Stalinization by promoted de-Stalinization by freeing prisoners and easing freeing prisoners and easing censorship censorship

► In 1957, the USSR proved this to In 1957, the USSR proved this to be true as they launched be true as they launched SputnikSputnik (3 down), the first artificial (3 down), the first artificial satellite to orbit the earth, thus satellite to orbit the earth, thus beginning the great Space Racebeginning the great Space Race

► While in power, Khrushchev found While in power, Khrushchev found himself engaged in several himself engaged in several international incidents, including international incidents, including the rebellions in the rebellions in HungaryHungary (9 (9 down) in 1956 (led by then down) in 1956 (led by then dictator Imre Nagy) and Cuban dictator Imre Nagy) and Cuban Missile Crisis (with the US in 1962) Missile Crisis (with the US in 1962)

The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – 1990s1990s

► Khrushchev was forced to step down in Khrushchev was forced to step down in 19641964

► Leonid BreznevLeonid Breznev (5 down) took over, (5 down) took over, promising to crush dissidents (people promising to crush dissidents (people who spoke out against the who spoke out against the government) in Russia and Eastern government) in Russia and Eastern EuropeEurope

► Brezhnev made good on his promises…Brezhnev made good on his promises…in 1968, he used the Soviet Red Army in 1968, he used the Soviet Red Army to crush an uprising known as the to crush an uprising known as the “Prague Spring” in “Prague Spring” in CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia (14 across) led by then dictator (14 across) led by then dictator Alexander Dubcek.Alexander Dubcek.

► Another one of Brezhnev’s decisive Another one of Brezhnev’s decisive acts was to promote Russian acts was to promote Russian nationalism and crush ethnic nationalism and crush ethnic minorities…one group he focused his minorities…one group he focused his attention on was Muslims…to protect attention on was Muslims…to protect this position, Russia invaded this position, Russia invaded AfghanistanAfghanistan (18 across) in 1979…this (18 across) in 1979…this move caused tension between the move caused tension between the West and the USSRWest and the USSR

The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – 1990s1990s

► After Brezhnev, the USSR had a After Brezhnev, the USSR had a few Premiers rule who did not few Premiers rule who did not live very long (mainly because live very long (mainly because they were OLD MEN), which they were OLD MEN), which started to shake the foundation started to shake the foundation and confidence of the people in and confidence of the people in the governmentthe government

► Russia also began to see its Russia also began to see its stranglehold on Eastern Europe stranglehold on Eastern Europe crumble, as in crumble, as in PolandPoland (15 (15 across), a new movement known across), a new movement known as Solidarity came to power as Solidarity came to power under Lech Walesa under Lech Walesa

► In 1985, a new Premier, In 1985, a new Premier, Mikhail Mikhail GorbachevGorbachev (10 down) came to (10 down) came to power promising reforms…it was power promising reforms…it was these reforms that helped usher these reforms that helped usher in the end of the Soviet Unionin the end of the Soviet Union

The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – The USSR, A Summary: 1950s – 1990s1990s

► Gorbachev noted that the USSR was continually suffering Gorbachev noted that the USSR was continually suffering from poor agriculture, lack of consumer goods and too from poor agriculture, lack of consumer goods and too much spending on the military (Afghanistan)much spending on the military (Afghanistan)

► Gorbachev promoted TWO principlesGorbachev promoted TWO principles 1. 1. PerestroikaPerestroika (13 down) (which you read about in the warm up) (13 down) (which you read about in the warm up)

a restructuring of the government and the economya restructuring of the government and the economy 2. 2. GlasnostGlasnost (16 down), meaning openness, no more censorship (16 down), meaning openness, no more censorship

by the state and an absorption of western cultureby the state and an absorption of western culture► These plans tamed the USSR but also caused its These plans tamed the USSR but also caused its

downfall…a coup attempted to remove Gorbachev from downfall…a coup attempted to remove Gorbachev from power in 1991 as the power in 1991 as the BalticBaltic (7 across) states of Estonia, (7 across) states of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania seized the opportunity to declare Latvia and Lithuania seized the opportunity to declare independence from the USSR, as did other states independence from the USSR, as did other states (Ukraine, the Caucuses, the “Stans” through nationalism) (Ukraine, the Caucuses, the “Stans” through nationalism) months aftermonths after

► On Christmas Day 1991, Gorbachev finally stepped down On Christmas Day 1991, Gorbachev finally stepped down and the USSR was officially dissolvedand the USSR was officially dissolved

Changes in Eastern EuropeChanges in Eastern Europe► Even before the USSR collapsed, Even before the USSR collapsed,

some countries refused to follow its some countries refused to follow its lead, one was lead, one was YugoslaviaYugoslavia (12 (12 down)…ruled by Josef Tito, they down)…ruled by Josef Tito, they refused to be controlled by the USSR refused to be controlled by the USSR but remained Communistbut remained Communist

► However, when the USSR fell, However, when the USSR fell, trouble started…in the 1990s, the trouble started…in the 1990s, the Serbs who controlled Yugoslavia Serbs who controlled Yugoslavia wanted to purify it of all non-wanted to purify it of all non-Christian, non-Serb peoplesChristian, non-Serb peoples

► In In BosniaBosnia (17 across) and (17 across) and KosovoKosovo (19 across), Serbians attempted to (19 across), Serbians attempted to “ethnically cleanse” the population “ethnically cleanse” the population in order to restore orderin order to restore order

► A civil war broke out which was A civil war broke out which was eventually resolved in 1995 when eventually resolved in 1995 when Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia sign the Bosnia, Serbia and Croatia sign the Dayton AccordsDayton Accords (8 down) (8 down)

Changes in Eastern EuropeChanges in Eastern Europe► The collapse of the USSR The collapse of the USSR

influenced great change in influenced great change in Eastern European politicsEastern European politics

► In 1989 several dictators in In 1989 several dictators in Eastern Europe fell…one of Eastern Europe fell…one of the most notable to fall was the most notable to fall was Nicolae CeausescuNicolae Ceausescu (11 (11 down) who refused to give up down) who refused to give up power…he and his wife were power…he and his wife were herded out of their lavish herded out of their lavish palace and executed on palace and executed on Christmas Day, 1989Christmas Day, 1989

► Slobodan MilosevicSlobodan Milosevic (20 (20 across) was eventually across) was eventually removed from power in Serbia removed from power in Serbia in 2000 and put on trial for in 2000 and put on trial for genocide the same year…he genocide the same year…he died in prison in 2006died in prison in 2006

The New Russian RepublicThe New Russian Republic► Boris YeltsinBoris Yeltsin (6 across) the new president (6 across) the new president

of Russia in 1992, faced many problems…of Russia in 1992, faced many problems…he tried to privatize state run industries, he tried to privatize state run industries, however, corruption ensued.however, corruption ensued.

► The changeover to a market economy The changeover to a market economy caused unemployment to soar and prices caused unemployment to soar and prices to skyrocket…many resorted to alcoholism to skyrocket…many resorted to alcoholism (Vodka)…Criminals flourished, and gangs (Vodka)…Criminals flourished, and gangs preyed on the new business class (Russian preyed on the new business class (Russian Mafia).Mafia).

► In 1998, Russia defaulted, or failed to In 1998, Russia defaulted, or failed to make payments, on much of its foreign make payments, on much of its foreign debt…The value of Russia’s currency debt…The value of Russia’s currency collapsed (you can get a Russian ruble for collapsed (you can get a Russian ruble for $0.04). People lost their savings and their $0.04). People lost their savings and their jobs. jobs.

► Minorities within Russia sought greater Minorities within Russia sought greater autonomy or independence, such as autonomy or independence, such as ChechnyaChechnya (1 down) in 1994 (1 down) in 1994

► Vladimir PutinVladimir Putin (4 across) became president (4 across) became president in 2000…many feared him as a new in 2000…many feared him as a new dictator because of his tough policies and dictator because of his tough policies and his former ties to the KGB…he was his former ties to the KGB…he was “scheduled” to handover the presidency “scheduled” to handover the presidency on May 7, 2008 to Dmitry Medvedev on May 7, 2008 to Dmitry Medvedev

For the remainder of the For the remainder of the period…period…

►Complete reading quizzes (Pg. Complete reading quizzes (Pg. 843-853)843-853)

►MAP QUIZ MAP QUIZ TOMORROW…STUDY/PRACTICE!!!TOMORROW…STUDY/PRACTICE!!!

►Introduction of Final Course Introduction of Final Course Projects tomorrowProjects tomorrow