Warm-Up

What is the significance of the following dates:1. 1845 Texas becomes the 28th state of the United States of America2. 1861The Civil War begins

Reconstruction: 1865 - 1874

• A week after the end of the Civil War, President Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth.

• His successor, President Johnson continued on with the process of Reconstruction, or rebuilding the country.

Reconstruction: Impact

• The Confederate loss affected Texas:• There was a shortage of free labor to farm

their fields.

• There was inadequate production in agriculture and business.

• Transportation was disrupted.

Reconstruction: Impact

• Martial Law – Governor Davis used military forces to keep the peace in several counties

• Sherman and federal troops removed American Indian tribes from West Texas during the “Frontier Wars.”

Reconstruction: Political Impact

• Texas adopted the Constitution of 1876

• Texas ratified the ReconstructionAmendments in order to rejointhe Union• 13th Amendment - forbids slavery• 14th Amendment – equal rights, regardless of race• 15th Amendment – extended the right to vote to

African American men

Reconstruction: Political Impact

• There was a great increase in…

• Tenant farming – people reside on and farm land owned by a landlord

• Sharecropping – people farming another landowners land for a share of the profit

Reconstruction:Economic Impact

Reconstruction: Economic Impact

• Expansion of the railroad

• Cattle industry booms

• This led to an increase in people moving to Texas

Reconstruction: Social Impact

• Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 by the national government to provide the following for formerly-enslaved people:• Food• Shelter• Medicine • Opened the first schools for African Americans in

Texas, which were in operation for over 100 years

Reconstruction: Social Impact

• On June 19, 1865, General Gordon Granger arrived in Texas in Galveston Bay with 2,000 federal troops announcing and enforcing the Emancipation Proclamation.

• June 19th became known as Juneteenth, which became a celebration of the end of slavery

• Because some did not agree with the new laws of the U.S., some states passed Jim Crow laws to enforce segregation (separating races).

• It became illegal for African American Texans and sometimes Hispanic Texans too …• eat in the same restaurants• stay in the same hotel• attend the same schools• be treated in the same hospital as the Anglo Texans

Reconstruction: Social Impact

• The Ku Klux Klan emerged as a group seeking to force segregation and keep African Americans from taking part in politics.

• This was a time of great change as Texans made their way into a new era.

Reconstruction: Social Impact